), 石金富 华北理工大学心理与精神卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
收稿日期:2020-08-21出版日期:2021-02-15发布日期:2020-12-29通讯作者:顾俊娟E-mail:jjshujing@163.com基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(31900759);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC190005);华北理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(25760399)The cognitive mechanism of Chinese character position processing and word boundary effect
GU Junjuan(), SHI Jinfu School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Received:2020-08-21Online:2021-02-15Published:2020-12-29Contact:GU Junjuan E-mail:jjshujing@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 在中文阅读中, 为了进行词汇识别, 需要对汉字在词中的相对顺序进行加工, 即汉字位置加工。汉字位置加工是词汇识别和阅读理解的重要环节。如果汉字位置未得到加工, 可转置词将很难被区分。可转置词由相同汉字构成, 但每个汉字所处位置不同。以往研究发现, 词内汉字位置加工是比较灵活的; 而且词边界信息会影响汉字位置的加工, 即汉字位置加工存在词边界效应。该效应产生的原因及影响因素有哪些?本项目采用眼动追踪技术, 在自然阅读中系统探讨如下三个问题:(1)词的首/尾汉字如何调节汉字位置加工过程; (2)嵌套词和歧义词边界如何影响汉字位置加工; (3)语境合理性和预测性如何影响汉字位置加工的词边界效应。本项目将为首个中文汉字位置加工模型的建立提供数据支持和科学基础, 推进现有的中文词汇识别和词切分模型的进一步完善, 并为词汇的高效率教授与学习提供科学指导。
参考文献 58
| [1] | 邓耀臣, 冯志伟. (2013). 词汇长度与词汇频数关系的计量语言学研究. 外国语, 36, 29-39. doi: CNKI:SUN:WYXY.0.2013-03-002 |
| [2] | 顾俊娟, 高志华, 屈青青. (2020). 汉字位置加工的词边界效应. 心理与行为研究, 18, 193-199. |
| [3] | 滑慧敏, 顾俊娟, 林楠, 李兴珊. (2017). 视觉词汇识别中的字符位置编码. 心理科学进展, 25, 1132-1138. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2017.01132 |
| [4] | 黄伯荣, 廖序东. (2007). 现代汉语. 北京: 高等教育出版社. |
| [5] | 李兴珊, 刘萍萍, 马国杰. (2011). 中文阅读中词切分的认知机理述评. 心理科学进展, 19, 459-470. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2011.00459 |
| [6] | 孟祥芝, 舒华. (1999). 汉语儿童阅读障碍研究. 心理发展与教育, 15, 54-57. doi: CNKI:SUN:XLFZ.0.1999-04-011 |
| [7] | 彭聃龄, 丁国盛, 王春茂, Taft, M., 朱晓平. (1999). 汉语逆序词的加工——词素在词加工中的作用. 心理学报, 31, 36-46. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/16/12/025 |
| [8] | 田晓梅, 王纯, 李童, 孟祥芝, 周晓林. (2006). 汉语双字词的心理词典存储——来自发展性阅读障碍个案的证据. 心理发展与教育, 22, 146-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4918.2006.02.009 |
| [9] | Acha, J., & Perea, M. (2008). The effects of length and transposed-letter similarity in lexical decision: Evidence with beginning, intermediate, and adult readers. British Journal of Psychology, 99, 245-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712607X224478 URLpmid: 17631694 |
| [10] | Beyersmann, E., Coltheart, M., & Castles, A. (2012). Parallel processing of whole words and morphemes in visual word recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 1798-1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.672437 doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.672437URLpmid: 22540902 |
| [11] | Beyersmann, E., McCormick, S. F., & Rastle, K. (2013). Letter transpositions within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 2389-2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.782326 doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.782326URLpmid: 23590520 |
| [12] | Blythe, H. I., Johnson, R. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Rayner, K. (2014). Reading transposed text: Effects of transposed letter distance and consonant-vowel status on eye movements. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76, 2424-2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0707-2 |
| [13] | Christianson, K., Johnson, R. L., & Rayner, K. (2005). Letter transpositions within and across morphemes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 1327-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1327 doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1327URLpmid: 16393049 |
| [14] | Du?abeitia, J. A., Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2007). Do transposed-letter similarity effects occur at a morpheme level? Evidence for morpho-orthographic decomposition. Cognition, 105, 691-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.001 doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.001URLpmid: 17217942 |
| [15] | Du?abeitia, J. A., Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2014). Revisiting letter transpositions within and across morphemic boundaries. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1557- 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0609-2 doi: 10.3758/s13423-014-0609-2URLpmid: 24643819 |
| [16] | Forster, K. I., Davis, C., Schoknecht, C., & Carter, R. (1987). Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 39(A), 211-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401785 |
| [17] | Frost, R. (2009). Reading in Hebrew vs. reading in English: Is there a qualitative difference? In K. Pugh & P. McCradle (Eds.), How children learn to read: Current issues and new directions in the integration of cognition, neurobiology and genetics of reading and dyslexia research and practice (pp. 235-254). New York: Psychology Press. |
| [18] | Frost, R., Kugler, T., Deutsch, A., & Forster, K. I. (2005). Orthographic structure versus morphological structure: Principles of lexical organisation in a given language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 1293-1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.6.1293 URLpmid: 16393048 |
| [19] | Gu, J. J., & Li, X. S. (2015). The effects of character transposition within and across words in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77, 272-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0749-5 |
| [20] | Gu, J. J., Li, X. S., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). Character order processing in Chinese reading, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 41, 127-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038639 URLpmid: 25621586 |
| [21] | Inhoff, A. W., & Liu, W. M. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.24.1.20 doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.24.1.20URLpmid: 9483822 |
| [22] | Inhoff, A. W., & Wu, C. L. ( 2005). Eye movements and the identification of spatially ambiguous words during Chinese sentence reading. Memory & Cognition, 33, 1345-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03193367 URLpmid: 16615382 |
| [23] | Johnson, R. L. (2007). The flexibility of letter coding: Nonadjacent letter transposition effects in the parafovea. In R. P. G. van Gompel, M. H. Fischer, W. S. Murray, & R. L. Hill (Eds.). Eye movements: A window on mind and brain (pp. 425-440). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. |
| [24] | Johnson, R. L., & Dunne, M. D. (2012). Parafoveal processing of transposed-letter words and nonwords: Evidence against parafoveal lexical activation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 191-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025983 doi: 10.1037/a0025983URLpmid: 22060141 |
| [25] | Johnson, R. L., & Eisler, M. E. (2012). The importance of the first and last letter in words during sentence reading. Acta Psychologica, 141, 336-351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.013 URLpmid: 23089042 |
| [26] | Johnson, R. L., Perea, M., & Rayner, K. (2007). Transposed- letter effects in reading: Evidence from eye movements and parafoveal preview. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 209-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.1.209 doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.33.1.209URLpmid: 17311489 |
| [27] | Juhasz, B. J., Inhoff, A. W., & Rayner, K. (2005). The role of interword spaces in the processing of English compound words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20, 291-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960444000133 |
| [28] | Lee, C. H., & Taft, M. (2009). Are onsets and codas important in processing letter position? A comparison of TL effects in English and Korean. Journal of Memory and Language, 60, 530-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.002 |
| [29] | Li, X. S., Gu, J. J., Liu, P. P., & Rayner, K. (2013). The advantage of word-based processing in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 879-889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030337 URLpmid: 23088542 |
| [30] | Li, X. S., & Pollatsek, A. (2020). An integrated model of word processing and eye-Movement control during Chinese reading. Psychological Review. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000248 doi: 10.1037/rev0000231URLpmid: 32658537 |
| [31] | Li, X. S., Rayner, K., & Cave, K. R. (2009). On the segmentation of Chinese words during reading. Cognitive Psychology, 58, 525-552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.02.003. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.02.003URLpmid: 19345938 |
| [32] | Luke, S. G., & Christianson, K. (2013). The influence of frequency across the time course of morphological processing: Evidence from the transposed-letter effect. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 781-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.832682 |
| [33] | Ma, G. J., Li, X. S., & Rayner, K. (2014). Word segmentation of overlapping ambiguous strings during Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40, 1046-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035389 URLpmid: 24417292 |
| [34] | Ma, G. J., Pollatsek, A., Li, Y. G., & Li, X. S. (2017). Chinese readers can perceive a word even when it’s composed of noncontiguous characters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43, 158- 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000298 URLpmid: 27504682 |
| [35] | Masserang, K. M., & Pollatsek, A. (2012). Transposed letter effects in prefixed words: Implications for morphological decomposition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24, 476- 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2012.658037 URLpmid: 23082239 |
| [36] | Pagán, A., Blythe, H. I., & Liversedge, S. P. (2016). Parafoveal preprocessing of word initial trigrams during reading in adults and children. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42, 411-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000175 URLpmid: 26348198 |
| [37] | Perea, M., & Acha, J. (2009). Does letter position coding depend on consonant/vowel status? Evidence with the masked priming technique. Acta Psychologica, 130, 127- 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.11.001 doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.11.001URLpmid: 19081083 |
| [38] | Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2008). Do orthotactics and phonology constrain the transposed-letter effect? Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 69-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960701578146 |
| [39] | Perea, M., Du?abeitia, J. A., & Carreiras, M. (2008). Transposed-letter priming effects for close versus distant transpositions. Experimental Psychology, 55, 384-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.384 doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.384URLpmid: 19130764 |
| [40] | Perea, M., & Lupker, S. J. (2003). Transposed-letter confusability effects in masked form priming. In S. Kinoshita and S. J. Lupker (Eds.), Masked priming: The state of the art (pp. 97-120). New York, NY: Psychology Press. |
| [41] | Rayner, K. (1975). The perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 65-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(75)90005-5 |
| [42] | Rayner, K., Fischer, M. H., & Pollatsek, A. (1998). Unspaced text interferes with both word identification and eye movement control. Vision Research, 38, 1129-1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00274-5.5 URLpmid: 9666972 |
| [43] | Rayner, K., Li, X. S., Juhasz, B. J., & Yan, G. L. ( 2005). The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1089-1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03206448 doi: 10.3758/bf03206448URLpmid: 16615333 |
| [44] | Rayner, K., White, S. J., Johnson, R. L., & Liversedge, S. P. (2006). Raeding wrods with jubmled lettres. Psychological Science, 17, 192-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01684.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01684.xURLpmid: 16507057 |
| [45] | Rueckl, J. G., & Rimzhim, A. (2011). On the interaction of letter transpositions and morphemic boundaries. Language & Cognitive Processes, 26, 482-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.500020 doi: 10.1080/01690965.2010.500020URLpmid: 22933829 |
| [46] | Sánchez-Gutiérrez, C., & Rastle, K. (2013). Letter transpositions within and across morphemic boundaries: Is there a cross-language difference? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 988-996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0425-0 URLpmid: 23543423 |
| [47] | Schoonbaert, S., & Grainger, J. (2004). Letter position coding in printed word perception: Effects of repeated and transposed letters. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 333-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960344000198 |
| [48] | Taft, M. (2004). Morphological decomposition and the reverse base frequency effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 57, 745-765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980343000477 |
| [49] | Taft, M., & Nillsen, C. (2013). Morphological decomposition and the transposed-letter (TL) position effect. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28, 917-938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2012.679662 |
| [50] | Taft, M., & Zhu, X. P. (1997). Sub-morphemic processing in reading Chinese. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 761-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.23.3.761 |
| [51] | Tiffin-Richards, S. P., & Schroeder, S. (2015). Children’s and adults’ parafoveal processes in German: Phonological and orthographic effects. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 27, 531-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.999076 |
| [52] | White, S. J., Johnson, R. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Rayner, K. (2008). Eye movements when reading transposed text: The importance of word beginning letters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 1261-1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1261 doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1261URLpmid: 18823209 |
| [53] | Winskel, H., & Perea, M. (2013). Consonant/vowel asymmetries in letter position coding during normal reading: Evidence from parafoveal previews in Thai. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 119-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2012.753077 |
| [54] | Winskel, H., Perea, M., & Ratitamkul, T. (2012) On the flexibility of letter position coding during lexical processing: The case of Thai. Experimental Psychology, 59, 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000127 URLpmid: 16556559 |
| [55] | Witzel, N., Qiao, X. M., & Forster, K. (2011). Transposed letter priming with horizontal and vertical text in Japanese and English readers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37, 914-920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022194 URLpmid: 21639675 |
| [56] | Yang, J. M. (2013). Preview effects of plausibility and character order in reading Chinese transposed words: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Research in Reading, 36, 18-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2013.01553.x. |
| [57] | Zhou, J. Y., Ma, G. J., Li, X. S., Taft, M., & Li, X. S. (2017). The time course of incremental word processing during Chinese reading. Reading and Writing, 31, 607-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9800-y doi: 10.1007/s11145-017-9800-yURL |
| [58] | Ziegler, J. C., Bertrand, D., Lété, B., & Grainger, J. (2014). Orthographic and phonological contributions to reading development: Tracking developmental trajectories using masked priming. Developmental Psychology, 50, 1026-1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035187 doi: 10.1037/a0035187URL |
相关文章 15
| [1] | 于文勃, 王璐, 程幸悦, 王天琳, 张晶晶, 梁丹丹. 语言经验对概率词切分的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(5): 787-795. |
| [2] | 白玉, 杨海波. 创伤后应激障碍个体对威胁刺激的注意偏向：眼动研究的证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(4): 737-746. |
| [3] | 黄龙, 徐富明, 胡笑羽. 眼动轨迹匹配法：一种研究决策过程的新方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(9): 1454-1461. |
| [4] | 张慢慢, 臧传丽, 白学军. 中文阅读中副中央凹预加工的范围与程度[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(6): 871-882. |
| [5] | 于洋, 姜英杰, 王永胜, 于明阳. 瞳孔变化在记忆加工中的生物标记作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 416-425. |
| [6] | 卫垌圻, 曹慧, 毕鸿燕, 杨炀. 发展性阅读障碍书写加工缺陷及其神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(1): 75-84. |
| [7] | 赵婧. 发展性阅读障碍的视觉注意广度技能[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(1): 20-26. |
| [8] | 屈青青, 刘维琳, 李兴珊. 汉语言语产生的语音加工单元——基于音位的研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(9): 1535-1544. |
| [9] | 谢和平, 彭霁, 周宗奎. 注意引导和认知加工：眼动榜样样例的教学作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(8): 1404-1416. |
| [10] | 郝艳斌, 王福兴, 谢和平, 安婧, 王玉鑫, 刘华山. 自闭症谱系障碍者的面孔加工特点——眼动研究的元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(1): 26-41. |
| [11] | 孟泽龙, 赵婧, 毕鸿燕. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的视觉大细胞通路功能探究：一项ERPs研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 2-2. |
| [12] | 孙俊才, 刘萍. 共情优势的视觉加工证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 7-7. |
| [13] | 裴宗雯, 牛盾. 单字命名任务中影响汉字饱和进程的因素：来自眼动的证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 8-8. |
| [14] | 尚小伟, 徐莹, 亓琳, 董军宇. 计算机视觉中注视区域对材质识别的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 22-22. |
| [15] | 徐莹, 尚小伟, 亓琳, 董军宇. 材质图像识别与眼动分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(suppl.): 29-29. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=5328
