注视者及观察者因素对注视知觉的影响

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本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

霍鹏辉¹^,², 冯成志², 陈庭继²(

)

¹苏州科技大学土木工程学院, 苏州 215011
²苏州大学教育学院心理学系, 苏州 215123

收稿日期:2020-05-01出版日期:2021-02-15发布日期:2020-12-29
通讯作者:陈庭继E-mail:chentjpsych@163.com

基金资助:江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20200863)

The influence of gazer and observer factors on gaze perception

HUO Penghui¹^,², FENG Chengzhi², CHEN Tingji²(

)

¹School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
²Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

Received:2020-05-01Online:2021-02-15Published:2020-12-29
Contact:CHEN Tingji E-mail:chentjpsych@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 注视知觉既包括识别他人对周围环境的注视位置, 也包括对他人是否在注视自己(即直视)的感知。诸多研究表明, 注视知觉过程受来自目光发出者与感知者多种因素的影响。从眼神沟通中不同角色角度出发, 将这些影响因素分为注视者因素和观察者因素。具体而言, 注视者因素主要探讨了眼部及头部物理特征及面孔情绪与吸引力对注视知觉的影响。而观察者因素则探讨了个体的心理或精神障碍、个体当前状态特征及观察者的性别、种族及文化差异对注视知觉的影响。未来研究可以从创新实验设计与任务出发, 探讨注视者刺激的实验材料与观察者特征的临床应用及跨文化差异等方面的问题。

图/表 2

图1亮度线索对注视方向的判断的影响(示例)。(a)眼睛内部虹膜与巩膜的对比度进行极性翻转。(b)直视前方的眼睛右侧虹膜变暗。(c)直视前方的眼睛一侧被阴影覆盖。

图2沃拉斯顿效应:人们感知到的肖像凝视方向不仅取决于虹膜的位置, 还取决于头部的朝向。左右两张脸的眼睛是一样的, 但是头部的转动使两组眼睛看起来像是在看不同的方向。

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