删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

助推目标实现:时间标记的动力效应

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

赵晓颖, 李爱梅(), 王海侠()
暨南大学管理学院, 广州 510632
收稿日期:2018-10-24出版日期:2019-07-15发布日期:2019-05-22
通讯作者:李爱梅,王海侠E-mail:tliaim@jnu.edu.cn;whxpsy@pku.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(71571087);国家自然科学基金项目(71801109);广东省自然科学基金重大项目(2017A030308013)

Nudging goal attainment: The motivating effects of temporal landmarks

ZHAO Xiaoying, LI Aimei(), WANG Haixia()
Management School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Received:2018-10-24Online:2019-07-15Published:2019-05-22
Contact:LI Aimei,WANG Haixia E-mail:tliaim@jnu.edu.cn;whxpsy@pku.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要: 时间标记是指日常生活中所有突出的独特性事件。个体在经历当下的时间标记或期待未来的时间标记时, 其追求目标的动机水平得到提高, 并表现出更多的目标相关行为, 即时间标记具有一种动力效应。时间标记可能增加了个体对不同时间自我之间的分离感, 继而通过自我效能感、保持一致的自我形象、损失规避及缩小差距等心理过程提高追求目标的动机。未来研究应进一步探讨时间标记在动力效应中的角色定位及动力效应的持续时间、探究时间标记动力效应的普适性、检验可能的心理机制并在实践领域开展时间标记助推行为决策的应用研究。



图1时间标记动力效应的心理机制 注:横轴为时间线, $\bigtriangledown$ 代表时间标记。
图1时间标记动力效应的心理机制 注:横轴为时间线, $\bigtriangledown$ 代表时间标记。







[1] 何贵兵, 李纾, 梁竹苑 . (2018). 以小拨大: 行为决策助推社会发展. 心理学报, 50(8), 803-813.
[2] 理查德·塞勒, 卡斯·桑斯坦 . (2018). 助推: 如何做出有关健康、财富与幸福的最佳决策(刘宁译). 北京: 中信出版社. (原著出版于2008)
[3] 孙炯雯, 郑全全 . (2004). 在社会比较和时间比较中的自我认识. 心理科学进展, 12(2), 240-245.
[4] 徐岚, 陈全, 崔楠, 陆凯丽 . (2019). 享受当下, 还是留待未来?——时间观对跨期决策的影响. 心理学报, 51(1), 96-105.
[5] 叶和旭, 赵然 . (2015). 时间标志对锻炼动机的影响: 时间监控能力的调节作用. 中国健康心理学杂志, 23(3), 436-440.
[6] Ahn H-K., Liu M. W., & Soman D . (2009). Memory markers: How consumers recall the duration of experiences. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(3), 508-516.
[7] Alter A. L., & Hershfield H. E . (2014). People search for meaning when they approach a new decade in chronological age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(48), 17066-17070.
[8] Ayers J. W., Althouse B. M., Johnson M., & Cohen J. E . (2014). Circaseptan (weekly) rhythms in smoking cessation considerations. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(1), 146-148.
[9] Bartels D. M., & Rips L. J . (2010). Psychological connectedness and intertemporal choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(1), 49-69.
[10] Beshears J., Dai H., Milkman K. L., & Benartzi S . (2017). Framing the future in the field: Pre-commitment nudges and potential of fresh start messaging. working paper.
[11] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Faststats: Obesity and overweight. Retrieved November 29, 2018, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm
[12] Cialdini R. B . (2007). Influence: The psychology of Persuasion. New York: HarperCollins.
[13] Colby H., & Chapman G. B . (2013). Savings, subgoals, and reference points. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(1), 16-24.
[14] Conway M. A. (1990). Autobiographical memory: An introduction. Maidenhead BRK, England: Open University Press.
[15] Dai H., & Li C. , (2019). How experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks influence motivation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 26, 44-48.
[16] Dai H., Mao D., Riis J., Volpp K. G., Relish M. J., Lawnicki V. F., & Milkman K. L . (2017). Effectiveness of medication adherence reminders tied to “fresh start” dates: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiology, 2(4), 453-455.
[17] Dai H., Milkman K. L., & Riis J . (2014). The fresh start effect: Temporal landmarks motivate aspirational behavior. Management Science, 60(10), 2563-2582.
[18] Dai H., Milkman K. L., & Riis J . (2015). Put your imperfections behind you: Temporal landmarks spur goal initiation when they signal new beginnings. Psychological Science, 26(12), 1927-1936.
[19] Gabarron E., Lau A. Y., & Wynn R . (2015). Is there a weekly pattern for health searches on wikipedia and is the pattern unique to health topics? Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(12), e286.
[20] Gollwitzer P . (2012). Mindset theory of action phases. In P. van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 526-545). London: Sage Publications.
[21] Haddock G . (2004). Temporal self-appraisal and attributional focus. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(6), 787-794.
[22] Hanko K., Crusius J., & Mussweiler T . (2010). When I and me are different: assimilation and contrast in temporal self-comparisons. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(1), 160-168.
[23] Heath C., Larrick R. P., & Wu G . (1999). Goals as reference points. Cognitive psychology, 38(1), 79-109.
[24] Hennecke M., & Converse B. A . (2017). Next week, next month, next year: How perceived temporal boundaries affect initiation expectations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(8), 918-926.
[25] Kivetz Y., & Tyler T. R . (2007). Tomorrow I’ll be me: The effect of time perspective on the activation of idealistic versus pragmatic selves. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), 193-211.
[26] Koo M., & Fishbach A. , (2008). Dynamics of self-regulation: How (un)accomplished goal actions affect motivation. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 94(2), 183-195.
[27] Kurbat M. A., Shevell S. K., & Rips L. J . (1998). A year’s memories: The calendar effect in autobiographical recall. Memory & Cognition, 26(3), 532-552.
[28] LeBoeuf R. A., Williams E. F., & Brenner L. A . (2014). Forceful phantom firsts: Framing experiences as firsts amplifies their influence on judgment. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 420-432.
[29] Lee J., & Dai H. , (2017). The motivating effects of temporal landmarks: Evidence from the field and lab. Missouri Law Review, 82(3), 8.
[30] Li H. , (2018). A future-minded lark in the morning: The influence of time-of-day and chronotype on metaphorical associations between space and time. Metaphor and Symbol, 33(1), 48-57.
[31] Libby L. K., & Eibach R. P . (2011). Self-enhancement or self-coherence? Why people shift visual perspective in mental images of the personal past and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(5), 714-726.
[32] Libby L. K., Eibach R. P., & Gilovich T . (2005). Here's looking at me: the effect of memory perspective on assessments of personal change. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88(1), 50-62.
[33] Liu W . (2008). Focusing on desirability: The effect of decision interruption and suspension on preferences. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(4), 640-652.
[34] Milkman K. L . (2012). Unsure what the future will bring? You may overindulge: Uncertainty increases the appeal of wants over shoulds. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119(2), 163-176.
[35] Milkman K. L., Rogers T., & Bazerman M. H . (2008). Harnessing our inner angels and demons: What we have learned about want/should conflicts and how that knowledge can help us reduce short-sighted decision making. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(4), 324-338.
[36] Norcross J. C., Mrykalo M. S., & Blagys M. D . (2002). Auld lang Syne: Success predictors, change processes, and self-reported outcomes of New Year's resolvers and nonresolvers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 397-405.
[37] Oettingen G., Mayer D., Timur Sevincer A., Stephens E. J., Pak H. J., & Hagenah M . (2009). Mental contrasting and goal commitment: The mediating role of energization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(5), 608-622.
[38] Oettingen G., Mayer D., & Thorpe J . (2010). Self-regulation of commitment to reduce cigarette consumption: Mental contrasting of future with reality. Psychology and Health, 25(8), 961-977.
[39] Peetz J., & Wilson A. E . (2013). The post-birthday world: Consequences of temporal landmarks for temporal self-appraisal and motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), 249-266.
[40] Peetz J., & Wilson A. E . (2014). Marking time: Selective use of temporal landmarks as barriers between current and future selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(1), 44-56.
[41] Pronin E., Olivola C. Y., & Kennedy K. A . (2008). Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others: Psychological distance and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 224-236.
[42] Rajagopal P., & Rha J-Y. , (2009). The mental accounting of time. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(5), 772-781.
[43] Robinson J. A. (1986). Temporal reference systems and autobiographical memory. In D. C. Rubin (Eds.), Autobiographical Memory (pp. 159-188). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
[44] Schmidt A. M., & DeShon R. P . (2010). The moderating effects of performance ambiguity on the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 572-581.
[45] Sela A., Berger J., & Liu W . (2008). Variety, vice, and virtue: How assortment size influences option choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(6), 941-951.
[46] Shai I., Schwarzfuchs D., Henkin Y., Shahar D. R., Witkow S., Greenberg I., .. Stampfer M. J . (2008). Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(3), 229-241.
[47] Shum M. S . (1998). The role of temporal landmarks in autobiographical memory processes. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 423-442.
[48] Smith I. H . (2014). The disruption model of inspiration: Toward a general model of "being inspired to act". Salt Lake City: The University of Utah.
[49] Soster R. L., Monga A., & Bearden W. O . (2010). Tracking costs of time and money: How accounting periods affect mental accounting. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(4), 712-721.
[50] Touré-Tillery M., & Fishbach A. , (2012). The end justifies the means, but only in the middle. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 570-583.
[51] Townsend C., & Liu W. , (2012). Is planning good for you? The differential impact of planning on self-regulation. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 688-703.
[52] Trope Y., & Liberman N. , (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.
[53] Tu Y., & Soman D. , (2014). The categorization of time and its impact on task initiation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 810-822.
[54] Wilson A. E., & Ross M. , (2001). From chump to champ: people′s appraisals of their earlier and present selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 572-584.
[55] Zauberman G., Levav J., Diehl K., & Bhargave R . (2010). 1995 feels so close yet so far: The effect of event markers on subjective feelings of elapsed time. Psychological Science, 21(1), 133-139.




[1]黄元娜, 李云箫, 李纾. 为什么被选的和被拒的会是同一个备择选项?[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(6): 1010-1021.
[2]陈彦垒, 胡志坚. 傅斯年的心理学探索及其贡献[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(6): 1131-1140.
[3]李佳洁, 于彤彤. 基于助推的健康饮食行为干预策略[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2052-2063.
[4]徐富明, 黄龙, 张慧. 随机控制实验:助推脱贫的现场干预研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(11): 1953-1960.
[5]谢铠杰, 马家涛, 何铨, 江程铭. 描述性规范提升义务献血的意愿而非行为[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(6): 1019-1024.
[6]刘永芳, 范雯健, 侯日霞. 从理论到研究, 再到应用:塞勒及其贡献[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 381-393.
[7]刘培, 冯一丹, 李爱梅, 刘伟, 谢健飞. 揭秘经济管理中的行为异象:心理账户理论的应用启示[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 406-417.
[8]刘欢, 隋晓阳, 黄元娜, 林榕平, 许明星. 行为经济学在养老储蓄领域的助推应用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 418-428.
[9]张书维, 梁歆佚, 岳经纶. 行为社会政策:“助推”公共福利的实践与探索[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 429-438.
[10]傅鑫媛, 辛自强, 楼紫茜, 高琰. 基于助推的环保行为干预策略[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(11): 1939-1950.
[11]杨莲莲, 黄希庭, 岳童, 刘培朵. 回溯式时距估计的计时机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(8): 1374-1382.





PDF全文下载地址:

http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4732
相关话题/心理 科学 动力 心理学 社会

  • 领限时大额优惠券,享本站正版考研考试资料!
    大额优惠券
    优惠券领取后72小时内有效,10万种最新考研考试考证类电子打印资料任你选。涵盖全国500余所院校考研专业课、200多种职业资格考试、1100多种经典教材,产品类型包含电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频,无论您是考研复习、考证刷题,还是考前冲刺等,不同类型的产品可满足您学习上的不同需求。 ...
    本站小编 Free壹佰分学习网 2022-09-19
  • 素食的心理过程及影响因素
    刘潇肖1,田启瑞2(),曾雅丽11厦门大学管理学院,厦门3610052山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358收稿日期:2018-08-12出版日期:2019-07-15发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:田启瑞E-mail:tianqirui@sdnu.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金青 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 和谐医患关系的心理机制及其促进技术
    孙连荣1,王沛2()1上海师范大学天华学院,上海2018152华东师范大学教育学部特殊教育系,上海200062收稿日期:2018-03-07出版日期:2019-06-15发布日期:2019-04-22通讯作者:王沛E-mail:wangpei1970@163.com基金资助:国家社会科学重大招标项目 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 直播营销中社会临场感对线上从众消费的影响及作用机理研究——行为与神经生理视角
    谢莹1,李纯青1(),高鹏1,刘艺21西北大学经济管理学院,西安7101272西安财经大学商学院,西安710100收稿日期:2018-10-16出版日期:2019-06-15发布日期:2019-04-24通讯作者:李纯青E-mail:lichunqing@nwu.edu.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 内疚与亲社会行为的关系:来自元分析的证据
    汤明,李伟强,刘福会,袁博()宁波大学心理学系暨研究所,浙江宁波315211收稿日期:2018-05-18出版日期:2019-05-15发布日期:2019-03-20通讯作者:袁博E-mail:yuanbopsy@gmail.com基金资助:*国家自然科学基金(31600914);教育部人文社会科学 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 垂体后叶加压素对人类社会行为的影响
    吴小燕1,2,封春亮2,徐家华4,何振宏5,罗艺6,罗跃嘉1,2,3()1深圳大学脑疾病与认知科学研究中心2深圳市情绪与社会认知科学重点实验室3深圳市神经科学研究院情绪与大脑中心,深圳5180604北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京1008755DivisionofNeuroscie ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 风险决策的概率权重偏差:心理机制与优化策略
    孙庆洲,邬青渊,张静,江程铭,赵雷,胡凤培()浙江工业大学管理学院,杭州310023收稿日期:2018-08-23出版日期:2019-05-15发布日期:2019-03-20通讯作者:胡凤培E-mail:fengpei@zjut.edu.cn基金资助:*教育部人文社科青年基金项目(18YJC6301 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 从动作模仿到社会认知:自我-他人控制的作用
    王协顺,苏彦捷()北京大学心理与认知科学学院,行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京100871收稿日期:2018-10-17出版日期:2019-04-15发布日期:2019-02-22通讯作者:苏彦捷E-mail:yjsu@pku.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目(31571134);国 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 不道德传染的心理机制及其影响
    王悦1,龚园超1,2,3,李莹1()1郑州大学教育学院,郑州4500012中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京1001013中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049收稿日期:2018-06-05出版日期:2019-04-15发布日期:2019-02-22通讯作者:李莹E-mail:liyin ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 揭秘经济管理中的行为异象:心理账户理论的应用启示
    刘培,冯一丹,李爱梅(),刘伟,谢健飞暨南大学管理学院广州510632收稿日期:2018-04-23出版日期:2019-03-15发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:李爱梅E-mail:tliaim@jnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(71271101);国家自然科学基金项目(7 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 行为社会政策:“助推”公共福利的实践与探索
    张书维,梁歆佚,岳经纶()中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、政治与公共事务管理学院,广州510275收稿日期:2018-04-03出版日期:2019-03-15发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:岳经纶E-mail:E-mail:klngok@126.com基金资助:国家社会科学基金青年项目资助(1 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01