宁波大学心理学系暨研究所, 浙江 宁波 315211
收稿日期:
2018-05-18出版日期:
2019-05-15发布日期:
2019-03-20通讯作者:
袁博E-mail:yuanbopsy@gmail.com基金资助:
* 国家自然科学基金(31600914);教育部人文社会科学基金(15YJC190026);天津市哲学社会科学研究规划项目资助(TJJX16-021)The association between guilt and prosocial behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis
TANG Ming, LI Weiqiang, LIU Fuhui, YUAN Bo()Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Received:
2018-05-18Online:
2019-05-15Published:
2019-03-20Contact:
YUAN Bo E-mail:yuanbopsy@gmail.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 内疚作为一种典型的道德情绪, 被认为具有亲社会作用, 但很多研究却发现内疚并不总能促进亲社会行为。为了明确内疚对亲社会行为的作用, 分析造成结论分歧的可能原因, 本研究采用元分析方法探讨了特质内疚与亲社会行为的关系以及状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响。共有46篇文献92个独立样本纳入元分析(N = 17248)。元分析结果表明:(1)特质内疚与亲社会行为之间存在中等程度的正相关, 二者之间的关系受到亲社会行为类型的调节, 相比较捐赠、助人、环保行为等, 特质内疚与补偿之间的相关更强; (2)启动内疚状态能显著提升个体的亲社会行为, 但两者之间的关联呈较小的效应量, 亲社会行为对象在其中起到调节作用, 感到内疚的个体更愿意对受害方做出亲社会行为; (3) p曲线(p-curve)分析发现, 两个元分析研究的p曲线均呈显著右偏态, 表明特质内疚与亲社会行为的关系以及状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响均存在真实的效应, 而不是出版偏倚或者p hacking导致。
图/表 7
图1文献搜索、纳入及排除流程 注:n代表文献数量
图1文献搜索、纳入及排除流程 注:n代表文献数量
表1元分析中纳入的原始研究(特质内疚与亲社会行为之间的关系)
作者(发表时间) | 样本 数目 | 年龄 | 内疚 测量方法 | 内疚 性质 | 内疚 类型 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲社会 行为对象 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 | 相关 系数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁菀, 2015 | 491 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.32 |
方圆, 2017 | 388 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | P | E | 0.50 |
黄晓娇, 2016-a | 577 | A | UQ | S | IBG | R | NV | UP | E | 0.65 |
黄晓娇, 2016-c | 25 | A | UQ | S | IBG | C | NV | UP | E | -0.38 |
康家慧, 2014 | 1859 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.46 |
李磊, 2012-a | 413 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.18 |
李磊, 2012-b | 34 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | O | NV | UP | E | 0.05 |
李娟, 2008 | 261 | A | UQ | S | IBG | O | UV | UP | E | 0.35 |
刘金梅, 2009-a | 655 | A | UQ | S | IBG | R | V | UP | E | 0.49 |
刘谞, 2011-a | 157 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | R | V | UP | E | 0.31 |
吕丽, 2017 | 358 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | NV | UP | E | 0.51 |
毛静思, 2012 | 667 | A | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.36 |
Brown & Cehajic, 2008-a | 173 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.46 |
Brown & Cehajic, 2008-b | 257 | A | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.49 |
Cehajic-Clancy et al., 2011-a | 139 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Cehajic-Clancy et al., 2011-b | 97 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.42 |
Figueiredo et al., 2016 | 464 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Halmburger et al., 2015 | 63 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | O | NV | P | W | -0.06 |
Harth et al., 2013-a | 67 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.37 |
Harth et al., 2013-a | 67 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | E | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Harth et al., 2013-b | 81 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.6 |
Harth et al., 2013-b | 81 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | E | V | P | W | -0.21 |
Iyer et al., 2007-a | 194 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.39 |
Iyer et al., 2007-b | 185 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.35 |
Jordan et al., 2016-a | 101 | Ad | UQ | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | 0.37 |
Kahn et al., 2016-a | 87 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | C | V | P | W | 0.32 |
Kahn et al., 2016-b | 85 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | C | V | P | W | 0.23 |
Konstam et al., 2011 | 148 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | 0.17 |
Leach et al., 2006-a | 159 | Ad | Q | S | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.15 |
Leach et al., 2006-b | 203 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.40 |
Leonard et al., 2015-a | 363 | Ad | Q | T | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Linda et al., 2016 | 568 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | P | W | 0.21 |
作者(发表时间) | 样本 数目 | 年龄 | 内疚 测量方法 | 内疚 性质 | 内疚 类型 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲社会 行为对象 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 | 相关 系数 |
Mashuri et al., 2017-a | 200 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.43 |
Mashuri et al., 2017-b | 200 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.19 |
Mcgarty et al., 2005-a | 164 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.58 |
Mcgarty et al., 2005-b | 106 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Ongley et al., 2014 | 160 | C | UQ | S | IBG | O | NV | P | W | 0.14 |
Roberts et al., 2014 | 93 | C | Q | T | IBG | O | NV | P | W | 0.59 |
Roberts et al., 2014 | 93 | C | Q | T | IBG | C | NV | P | W | 0.57 |
Roos et al., 2014 | 395 | C | Q | S | IBG | T | UV | P | W | 0.34 |
Rotella & Richeson, 2013-b | 39 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | R | NV | P | W | 0.79 |
Shepherd et al., 2013-a | 179 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.49 |
Shepherd et al., 2013-b | 186 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Strelan, 2007 | 176 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | -0.33 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-a | 102 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.51 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-b | 51 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.4 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-c | 364 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.52 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-d | 124 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.19 |
Wan et al., 2016-a | 180 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | O | NV | P | E | 0.33 |
Wan et al., 2016-b | 180 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | O | NV | P | E | 0.3 |
Wohl et al., 2013-a | 284 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | -0.35 |
Wohl et al., 2013-b | 88 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.01 |
Zimmermann et al., 2011-a | 96 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.31 |
Zimmermann et al., 2011-b | 156 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.24 |
表1元分析中纳入的原始研究(特质内疚与亲社会行为之间的关系)
作者(发表时间) | 样本 数目 | 年龄 | 内疚 测量方法 | 内疚 性质 | 内疚 类型 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲社会 行为对象 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 | 相关 系数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁菀, 2015 | 491 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.32 |
方圆, 2017 | 388 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | P | E | 0.50 |
黄晓娇, 2016-a | 577 | A | UQ | S | IBG | R | NV | UP | E | 0.65 |
黄晓娇, 2016-c | 25 | A | UQ | S | IBG | C | NV | UP | E | -0.38 |
康家慧, 2014 | 1859 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.46 |
李磊, 2012-a | 413 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.18 |
李磊, 2012-b | 34 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | O | NV | UP | E | 0.05 |
李娟, 2008 | 261 | A | UQ | S | IBG | O | UV | UP | E | 0.35 |
刘金梅, 2009-a | 655 | A | UQ | S | IBG | R | V | UP | E | 0.49 |
刘谞, 2011-a | 157 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | R | V | UP | E | 0.31 |
吕丽, 2017 | 358 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | NV | UP | E | 0.51 |
毛静思, 2012 | 667 | A | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | UP | E | 0.36 |
Brown & Cehajic, 2008-a | 173 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.46 |
Brown & Cehajic, 2008-b | 257 | A | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.49 |
Cehajic-Clancy et al., 2011-a | 139 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Cehajic-Clancy et al., 2011-b | 97 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.42 |
Figueiredo et al., 2016 | 464 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Halmburger et al., 2015 | 63 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | O | NV | P | W | -0.06 |
Harth et al., 2013-a | 67 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.37 |
Harth et al., 2013-a | 67 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | E | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Harth et al., 2013-b | 81 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.6 |
Harth et al., 2013-b | 81 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | E | V | P | W | -0.21 |
Iyer et al., 2007-a | 194 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.39 |
Iyer et al., 2007-b | 185 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.35 |
Jordan et al., 2016-a | 101 | Ad | UQ | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | 0.37 |
Kahn et al., 2016-a | 87 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | C | V | P | W | 0.32 |
Kahn et al., 2016-b | 85 | Ad | UQ | S | IBG | C | V | P | W | 0.23 |
Konstam et al., 2011 | 148 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | 0.17 |
Leach et al., 2006-a | 159 | Ad | Q | S | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.15 |
Leach et al., 2006-b | 203 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.40 |
Leonard et al., 2015-a | 363 | Ad | Q | T | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.17 |
Linda et al., 2016 | 568 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | T | UV | P | W | 0.21 |
作者(发表时间) | 样本 数目 | 年龄 | 内疚 测量方法 | 内疚 性质 | 内疚 类型 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲社会 行为对象 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 | 相关 系数 |
Mashuri et al., 2017-a | 200 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.43 |
Mashuri et al., 2017-b | 200 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.19 |
Mcgarty et al., 2005-a | 164 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.58 |
Mcgarty et al., 2005-b | 106 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Ongley et al., 2014 | 160 | C | UQ | S | IBG | O | NV | P | W | 0.14 |
Roberts et al., 2014 | 93 | C | Q | T | IBG | O | NV | P | W | 0.59 |
Roberts et al., 2014 | 93 | C | Q | T | IBG | C | NV | P | W | 0.57 |
Roos et al., 2014 | 395 | C | Q | S | IBG | T | UV | P | W | 0.34 |
Rotella & Richeson, 2013-b | 39 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | R | NV | P | W | 0.79 |
Shepherd et al., 2013-a | 179 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.49 |
Shepherd et al., 2013-b | 186 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.66 |
Strelan, 2007 | 176 | Ad | Q | T | IBG | F | NV | P | W | -0.33 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-a | 102 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.51 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-b | 51 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.4 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-c | 364 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.52 |
Swim & Miller, 1999-d | 124 | Ad | UQ | T | GBG | I | V | P | W | 0.19 |
Wan et al., 2016-a | 180 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | O | NV | P | E | 0.33 |
Wan et al., 2016-b | 180 | Ad | Q | S | IBG | O | NV | P | E | 0.3 |
Wohl et al., 2013-a | 284 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | -0.35 |
Wohl et al., 2013-b | 88 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.01 |
Zimmermann et al., 2011-a | 96 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | R | V | P | W | 0.31 |
Zimmermann et al., 2011-b | 156 | Ad | UQ | S | GBG | O | V | P | W | 0.24 |
表2元分析中纳入的原始研究(状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响)
作者(发表时间) | 实验组 样本量 | 控制组 样本量 | 年龄 | 内疚 类型 | 内疚诱 发方式 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲身会 行为对象 | 控制组 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁芳 等, 2014-a | 60 | 60 | A | IBG | CS | O | V | C | P | E |
丁芳 等, 2014-b | 60 | 60 | A | IBG | CS | O | NV | C | P | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-a | 407 | 360 | A | IBG | MS | H | NV | S | UP | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-b | 35 | 37 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | UP | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-b | 35 | 35 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | S | UP | E |
刘谞, 2011-b | 48 | 48 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | UP | E |
孙铭鸿, 2015 | 85 | 80 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | UP | E |
张晓贤 等, 2012-a | 27 | 28 | C | IBG | CS | H | NV | C | P | E |
张晓贤 等, 2012-b | 33 | 28 | C | IBG | CS | H | NV | C | P | E |
de Hooge et al., 2007-a | 42 | 39 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-a | 42 | 45 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | S | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-b | 44 | 37 | Ad | IBG | GR | H | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-b | 44 | 48 | Ad | IBG | GR | H | NV | S | P | W |
作者(发表时间) | 实验组 样本量 | 控制组 样本量 | 年龄 | 内疚 类型 | 内疚诱 发方式 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲身会 行为对象 | 控制组 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 |
de Hooge et al., 2011-a | 16 | 17 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-a | 16 | 17 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-b | 58 | 34 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-b | 58 | 34 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-c | 25 | 24 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-c | 25 | 24 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-d | 71 | 72 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-d | 71 | 72 | Ad | IBG | CS | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-e | 22 | 22 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-f | 23 | 23 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-f | 23 | 23 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | S | P | W |
Ferguson & Branscombe, 2010 | 19 | 55 | Ad | GBG | MS | E | V | C | P | W |
Furukawa et al., 2016-a | 107 | 107 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | C | P | E |
Furukawa et al., 2016-b | 107 | 107 | Ad | IBG | MS | O | NV | C | P | E |
Graton et al., 2016-a | 28 | 28 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-a | 28 | 28 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | S | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-b | 45 | 45 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-c | 41 | 41 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Jordan et al., 2016-b | 54 | 47 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
Jordan et al., 2016-c | 103 | 106 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
Polman & Ruttan, 2012 | 64 | 64 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-a | 30 | 30 | Ad | GBG | MS | O | V | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-b | 34 | 34 | Ad | GBG | MS | O | V | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-b | 34 | 34 | Ad | GBG | MS | D | V | C | P | W |
Zhang et al., 2017 | 59 | 49 | Ad | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | P | E |
表2元分析中纳入的原始研究(状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响)
作者(发表时间) | 实验组 样本量 | 控制组 样本量 | 年龄 | 内疚 类型 | 内疚诱 发方式 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲身会 行为对象 | 控制组 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丁芳 等, 2014-a | 60 | 60 | A | IBG | CS | O | V | C | P | E |
丁芳 等, 2014-b | 60 | 60 | A | IBG | CS | O | NV | C | P | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-a | 407 | 360 | A | IBG | MS | H | NV | S | UP | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-b | 35 | 37 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | UP | E |
杜灵燕, 2012-b | 35 | 35 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | S | UP | E |
刘谞, 2011-b | 48 | 48 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | UP | E |
孙铭鸿, 2015 | 85 | 80 | A | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | UP | E |
张晓贤 等, 2012-a | 27 | 28 | C | IBG | CS | H | NV | C | P | E |
张晓贤 等, 2012-b | 33 | 28 | C | IBG | CS | H | NV | C | P | E |
de Hooge et al., 2007-a | 42 | 39 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-a | 42 | 45 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | S | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-b | 44 | 37 | Ad | IBG | GR | H | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2007-b | 44 | 48 | Ad | IBG | GR | H | NV | S | P | W |
作者(发表时间) | 实验组 样本量 | 控制组 样本量 | 年龄 | 内疚 类型 | 内疚诱 发方式 | 亲社会 行为类型 | 亲身会 行为对象 | 控制组 | 出版 与否 | 文化 背景 |
de Hooge et al., 2011-a | 16 | 17 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-a | 16 | 17 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-b | 58 | 34 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-b | 58 | 34 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-c | 25 | 24 | Ad | IBG | GR | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-c | 25 | 24 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-d | 71 | 72 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-d | 71 | 72 | Ad | IBG | CS | D | NV | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-e | 22 | 22 | Ad | IBG | CS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-f | 23 | 23 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | C | P | W |
de Hooge et al., 2011-f | 23 | 23 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | S | P | W |
Ferguson & Branscombe, 2010 | 19 | 55 | Ad | GBG | MS | E | V | C | P | W |
Furukawa et al., 2016-a | 107 | 107 | Ad | IBG | MS | R | V | C | P | E |
Furukawa et al., 2016-b | 107 | 107 | Ad | IBG | MS | O | NV | C | P | E |
Graton et al., 2016-a | 28 | 28 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-a | 28 | 28 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | S | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-b | 45 | 45 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Graton et al., 2016-c | 41 | 41 | Ad | IBG | GR | E | NV | C | P | W |
Jordan et al., 2016-b | 54 | 47 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
Jordan et al., 2016-c | 103 | 106 | Ad | IBG | GR | O | NV | C | P | W |
Polman & Ruttan, 2012 | 64 | 64 | Ad | IBG | GR | D | NV | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-a | 30 | 30 | Ad | GBG | MS | O | V | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-b | 34 | 34 | Ad | GBG | MS | O | V | C | P | W |
Solak et al., 2016-b | 34 | 34 | Ad | GBG | MS | D | V | C | P | W |
Zhang et al., 2017 | 59 | 49 | Ad | IBG | MS | D | NV | C | P | E |
图2涉及特质内疚与亲社会行为的关系(状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响)研究的漏斗图
图2涉及特质内疚与亲社会行为的关系(状态内疚对亲社会行为的影响)研究的漏斗图
图3特质内疚与亲社会行为关系研究的p曲线(A)以及状态内疚影响亲社会行为研究的p曲线(B)
图3特质内疚与亲社会行为关系研究的p曲线(A)以及状态内疚影响亲社会行为研究的p曲线(B)
表3特质内疚与亲社会行为关系的调节效应检验(随机效应模型)
调节变量 | k | r | LL | UL | QB | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 成人 | 44 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.79 | 0.672 |
青少年 | 6 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.64 | |||
儿童 | 4 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.72 | |||
内疚测量方式 | 正式问卷 | 16 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.665 |
自编问卷 | 38 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.46 | |||
内疚类型 | 个体内疚 | 25 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.538 |
群体内疚 | 29 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.48 | |||
亲社会行为对象 | 非受害方 | 13 | 0.3 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.736 |
受害方 | 33 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.47 | |||
未指明对象 | 8 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.55 | |||
文化背景 | 西方 | 14 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.836 |
东方 | 40 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.44 | |||
亲社会行为类型 | 补偿 | 19 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 20.33 | 0.002 |
合作 | 4 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.52 | |||
环保 | 2 | -0.02 | -0.39 | 0.34 | |||
宽恕 | 3 | 0.07 | -0.22 | 0.35 | |||
其它 | 14 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.38 | |||
群际支援 | 5 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.6 | |||
特质 | 7 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.53 |
表3特质内疚与亲社会行为关系的调节效应检验(随机效应模型)
调节变量 | k | r | LL | UL | QB | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 成人 | 44 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.79 | 0.672 |
青少年 | 6 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.64 | |||
儿童 | 4 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.72 | |||
内疚测量方式 | 正式问卷 | 16 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.665 |
自编问卷 | 38 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.46 | |||
内疚类型 | 个体内疚 | 25 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.538 |
群体内疚 | 29 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.48 | |||
亲社会行为对象 | 非受害方 | 13 | 0.3 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.736 |
受害方 | 33 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.47 | |||
未指明对象 | 8 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.55 | |||
文化背景 | 西方 | 14 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.836 |
东方 | 40 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.44 | |||
亲社会行为类型 | 补偿 | 19 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 20.33 | 0.002 |
合作 | 4 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.52 | |||
环保 | 2 | -0.02 | -0.39 | 0.34 | |||
宽恕 | 3 | 0.07 | -0.22 | 0.35 | |||
其它 | 14 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.38 | |||
群际支援 | 5 | 0.38 | 0.16 | 0.6 | |||
特质 | 7 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.53 |
表4状态内疚与亲社会行为关系的调节效应检验(随机效应模型)
调节变量 | k | d | LL | UL | QB | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 成人 | 30 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 1.54 | 0.461 |
青少年 | 2 | 0.32 | -0.29 | 0.93 | |||
儿童 | 6 | 0.42 | 0.1 | 0.73 | |||
控制组设置 | 羞耻 | 7 | 0.18 | -0.12 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.650 |
中性 | 31 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.41 | |||
内疚类型 | 个体内疚 | 34 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.642 |
群体内疚 | 4 | 0.34 | -0.09 | 0.77 | |||
内疚诱发方式 | 材料启动 | 13 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.61 | 3.25 | 0.119 |
回忆范式 | 17 | 0.09 | -0.1 | 0.29 | |||
情境启动 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.57 | |||
亲社会行为对象 | 非受害方 | 24 | 0.12 | -0.03 | 0.28 | 6.72 | 0.009 |
受害方 | 14 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.68 | |||
文化背景 | 西方 | 14 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.52 | 1.39 | 0.238 |
东方 | 40 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.44 | |||
亲社会行为类型 | 补偿 | 9 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.84 | 7.15 | 0.128 |
环保 | 5 | 0.22 | -0.15 | 0.59 | |||
捐款 | 10 | 0.11 | -0.15 | 0.36 | |||
其它 | 9 | 0.22 | -0.04 | 0.47 | |||
助人 | 5 | 0.07 | -0.27 | 0.42 |
表4状态内疚与亲社会行为关系的调节效应检验(随机效应模型)
调节变量 | k | d | LL | UL | QB | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄 | 成人 | 30 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 1.54 | 0.461 |
青少年 | 2 | 0.32 | -0.29 | 0.93 | |||
儿童 | 6 | 0.42 | 0.1 | 0.73 | |||
控制组设置 | 羞耻 | 7 | 0.18 | -0.12 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.650 |
中性 | 31 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.41 | |||
内疚类型 | 个体内疚 | 34 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.642 |
群体内疚 | 4 | 0.34 | -0.09 | 0.77 | |||
内疚诱发方式 | 材料启动 | 13 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.61 | 3.25 | 0.119 |
回忆范式 | 17 | 0.09 | -0.1 | 0.29 | |||
情境启动 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.57 | |||
亲社会行为对象 | 非受害方 | 24 | 0.12 | -0.03 | 0.28 | 6.72 | 0.009 |
受害方 | 14 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.68 | |||
文化背景 | 西方 | 14 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.52 | 1.39 | 0.238 |
东方 | 40 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.44 | |||
亲社会行为类型 | 补偿 | 9 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.84 | 7.15 | 0.128 |
环保 | 5 | 0.22 | -0.15 | 0.59 | |||
捐款 | 10 | 0.11 | -0.15 | 0.36 | |||
其它 | 9 | 0.22 | -0.04 | 0.47 | |||
助人 | 5 | 0.07 | -0.27 | 0.42 |
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