黄梓航^1,2,3, 敬一鸣^1,2,3, 喻丰⁴, 古若雷^1,2,3, 周欣悦⁵, 张建新^3,6, 蔡华俭^1,2,3()

1 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室, 北京 100101
2 中国科学院心理研究所人格与社会心理研究中心, 北京 100101
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4 西安交通大学人文社会科学学院, 西安 710049
5 浙江大学管理学院市场营销系, 杭州 310058
6 中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2017-12-05出版日期:2018-11-15发布日期:2018-09-26
通讯作者:蔡华俭E-mail:caihj@psych.ac.cn

基金资助:* 本文系2017年度国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(17ZDA324);“中国社会变迁过程中的文化与心理变化”的阶段性成果(17ZDA324)

Increasing individualism and decreasing collectivism? Cultural and psychological change around the globe

HUANG Zihang^1,2,3, JING Yiming^1,2,3, YU Feng⁴, GU Ruolei^1,2,3, ZHOU Xinyue⁵, ZHANG Jianxin^3,6, CAI Huajian^1,2,3()

1 Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 Center for Personality and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
5 Department of Marketing, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
6 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2017-12-05Online:2018-11-15Published:2018-09-26
Contact:CAI Huajian E-mail:caihj@psych.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近几十年来, 伴随着全球范围内的经济/社会大发展, 人类社会的文化与民众心理也发生了相应的改变, 其基本趋势是个人主义正日益流行, 传统的集体主义则相对式微。这种变化不仅表现在宏观的社会和文化层面, 也体现在微观的心理与行为层面。本文从文化心理学的角度, 对反映这一趋势的大量实证研究进行了分门别类的整理与介绍, 涉及的领域分别包括社会层面的社会统计指标, 以及心理层面的人称代词使用偏好、命名行为、价值取向、人格特征、性和宗教态度、儿童教养与发展模式、认知方式、情绪体验等。除了一般趋势外, 研究也显示文化变迁和心理变化有其复杂性, 个人主义增强、集体主义衰弱并不是一个必然的、线性的过程; 传统文化的集体主义价值在一定程度上具有延续性, 多元文化共存已成为当前人类社会发展的显著特色。最后, 针对当前文化变迁心理研究的不足, 本文建议未来研究应当更多采用追踪和实验设计、拓展现有研究的领域和范围、深入揭示文化变迁的行为/神经机制以及更多关注变迁过程中的心理适应与应对问题。

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