1.Jiangsu Provincial Optical Communication Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing Universuty of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China 3.State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 4.National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018T110480), the Natural Science Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. 20KJA510001), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices of South China of Technology, China (Grant No. 2020-skllmd-03), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves of Southeast University, China (Grant No. K202003), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Solid Microstructure Physics of Nanjing University, China (Grant No. M32001), and the Open Fund of Jiangsu Optical Communication Engineering Technology Research Center, China (Grant No. ZXF201904)
Received Date:19 November 2020
Accepted Date:16 March 2021
Available Online:07 June 2021
Published Online:05 August 2021
Abstract:Since the successful synthesis of graphene, two-dimensional materials, including hexagonal boron nitride and transition mental dichalcogenides, have attracted wide attention due to their extraordinary properties and extensive applications. Recent researches have revealed that the sensing system based on graphene or MoS2 can efficiently sense various gas molecules. However, the utility of these materials is limited by their inherent weakness, i.e. the zero bandgap in graphene and the relatively low mobility in MoS2, which impede their applications in electronic devices. This further stimulates the motivation of researchers to find more novel 2D materials. Black arsenic phosphide (AsP) monolayer, a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial with the characteristics of model direct bandgap and superhigh carrier mobility, is an ideal material for gas sensor. Here in this work, we investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer AsP absorbed with small gas molecules by using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory. Four initial absorption sites are selected to explore the optimal absorption positions of CO, CO2, NH3, SO2, NO and NO2 absorbed on the monolayer AsP. The purpose is to calculate the optimal absorption configurations, the absorption energy, absorption distance, and charge transfer, thereby investigating the absorption types. The results revel that the monolayer AsP is sensitive to NO2 gas and SO2 gas via strong physical absorption, and NO gas by chemical absorption, forming a new bond between N atom and O atom. The CO, CO2 and NH3 gas are absorbed on AsP monolayer with weak van Waals force. From the point of view of charge transfer, the CO, CO2, and NH3 molecules are one order of magnitude smaller than SO2, NO and NO2, approximately 0.03e and the charge transfer of NO gas is 0.21e, highest in all gases. Besides, the effects of absorption on the electrons of AsP are investigated. The results show that the absorption of CO, CO2 and NH3 molecules have little effect on band structure, and that the absorption of SO2 molecule increases the bandgap. The absorption of magnetic gas NO and NO2 reduce the bandgap by introducing impurity level near Fermi level, giving rise to their magnetic moments of 0.83μB and 0.78μB and making the whole system magnetic. Theoretical research shows that monolayer AsP is sensitive to NO, NO2 and SO2 gas molecules, which provides theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of gas sensors band on black arsenic phosphorus. Keywords:black arsenic phosphide/ first principle/ gas sensor
表1不同气体吸附的吸附能、转移电荷数量、气体分子的磁矩和恢复时间, 括号里数值是与Mulliken分析法对比的结果 Table1.The absorption energy (Ead), the charge transfer from basic material to gas molecule (ρ), the local magnetic on gas molecule (Spin) and the recovery time (τ) for gas desorption from material. The values in brackets are the results of comparison with Mulliken analysis.
除了分析电荷转移数量, 探究气体吸附后基底材料电学性质的变化同样可明晰材料对于气体敏感程度. 通过能带图和态密度图可以清楚地展示材料电子结构的变化. 图4是各种气体分子吸附后的能带结构图, 图5为不同气体吸附后的总态密度(TDOS)与分波态密度(PDOS)曲线. 当CO, CO2和NH3气体吸附在AsP表面上, AsP的禁带宽度变化很微弱, 这说明CO, CO2和NH3气体与AsP之间的相互作用不强, 与它们低的吸附能相符. 从图5态密度图也能看出, 与本征的TDOS图相比这三种气体吸附后变化不大, 只有一些波峰的峰值增加. 通过对比TDOS图和PDOS图可知, 这些峰值增加是由C, N, O, H的p轨道贡献的, 但这些峰值变化对于二维材料AsP的电学性质影响很小. 图 4 (a) CO, (b) CO2, (c) NH3和(d) SO2吸附在单层AsP表面的能带结构; (e), (f) NO和 (g), (h) NO2吸附在单层AsP表面的能带结构图, 其中黑线和蓝线分别表示自旋向上和自旋向下的能带结构 Figure4. Band structure of (a) CO, (b) CO2, (c) NH3 and (d) SO2 absorbed on AsP monolayer; the band structure of (e), (f) NO and (g), (h) NO2 absorbed on AsP monolayer, where the black and blue line represent the band structure of spin-up and spin-down, respectively.
图 5 (a) CO, (b) CO2, (c) NH3, (d) SO2, (e) NO和(f) NO2吸附在单层AsP上的态密度和分态密度图, 其中黑线和红线分别是原始AsP的态密度和吸附气体后的态密度图 Figure5. Density of states (DOS) of (a) CO, (b) CO2, (c) NH3, (d) SO2, (e) NO and (f) NO2 absorbed on AsP monolayer, respectively. The black and red line represent the DOS of pristine AsP and gases absorbed on AsP.