1.Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 2.Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei 230012, China 3.School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61905007, 61627813, 11904016), the Beihang Hefei Innovation Research Institute Project, China (Grant Nos. BHKX-19-01, BHKX-19-02), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 4194083)
Received Date:29 April 2020
Accepted Date:06 June 2020
Available Online:15 June 2020
Published Online:20 October 2020
Abstract:High-performance terahertz emitters, which convert the femtosecond laser pulses into terahertz pulses, are essential for terahertz spectroscopy technology and terahertz wireless communication. Spintronic terahertz emitters based on ferromagnet/nonmagnet bilayers have attracted tremendous attention due to their high efficiency, ultra-broadband, low cost and high flexibility. Here, we systematically investigate the terahertz emission from polycrystalline topological insulator Bi2Te3/ferromagnetic CoFeB heterostructure grown by magnetron sputtering. The Bi2Te3/CoFeB heterostructure exhibits high efficiency of terahertz emission, and the polarization of terahertz waves can be controlled by the external magnetic field direction. The performance of Bi2Te3/CoFeB heterostructure is almost comparable to that of the Pt/CoFeB bilayer. In contrast, no terahertz emission is observed in the pure Bi2Te3 or CoFeB film driven by femtosecond laser pulses, probably because the Bi2Te3 prepared by sputtering is polycrystalline and the thickness of CoFeB is too thin. We also compare the performances of Bi2Te3/CoFeB grown on MgO, glass and high-resistivity silicon substrates, and find that the samples grown on MgO substrates exhibit the best emission performances. The glass substrate absorbs more terahertz waves than MgO substrate, resulting in a slightly weaker terahertz signal emitted from the Bi2Te3/CoFeB grown on the glass substrate. Although the absorption coefficient of high-resistivity silicon to terahertz waves is very small, the residual pump light excites the high-resistivity silicon to generate the photo-generated carriers, which change the conductivity of the high-resistivity silicon and reduce the transmittance of terahertz wave. We attribute the mechanism of the terahertz emission to the spin-charge conversion at the interface of Bi2Te3/CoFeB. The terahertz emission efficiency of our sample is expected to be able to be further improved by optimizing the samples. Moreover, with the sputtering method, it is possible to fabricate large area samples at low cost, which is critical for commercial applications. Keywords:terahertz emission/ topological insulator/ferromagnetic heterostructures/ femtosecond laser
为了进一步研究Bi2Te3/CoFeB异质结的太赫兹发射中抽运光入射方向的影响, 分别让抽运光从样品的正面、背面入射, 即抽运光分别从薄膜一侧和衬底一侧入射, 并且反转外加磁场的方向, 结果如图4(a)所示. 这里需要指出的是, 由于MgO衬底是单抛的, 样品背面激光的透射率较低, 因此当抽运光从样品背面即衬底一侧入射时, 透过衬底照射到薄膜的抽运光强度下降, 因此样品发射的太赫兹波的振幅小于抽运光从样品正面入射时样品发射的太赫兹波的振幅. 从图4(a)中可以看出, 当外加磁场方向一致, 抽运光分别从样品的正面和背面入射时, 样品发射的太赫兹波形相反; 当抽运光入射方向一致, 外加磁场反向时, 样品发射的太赫兹波形相反. 这一结果与文献[16]报道一致, 进一步说明Bi2Te3/CoFeB异质结的太赫兹发射与自旋-电荷转换相关. 图 4 Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2)异质结的太赫兹辐射 (a) 抽运光从Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2)样品正面和背面入射以及磁场反向时Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2)辐射的太赫兹波形; (b) Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2)异质结发射的太赫兹脉冲的峰值振幅与施加的外磁场方向的关系 Figure4. Terahertz emission from Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2) heterostructure: (a) Terahertz waveforms emitted from the Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2) heterostructure measured with front and back sample excitation and reversed magnetic field; (b) the peak amplitude of the terahertz signal emitted from the Bi2Te3(4)/CoFeB(2) heterostructure as a function of magnetic field angle θ, with respect to the x-axis.