1.School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51806149, 61308065) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. E2015203014)
Received Date:30 April 2020
Accepted Date:25 May 2020
Available Online:10 June 2020
Published Online:20 September 2020
Abstract:SF6 is widely used in gas insulated switchgear due to its excellent insulating and arcing performance. SF6 arc plasma has been extensively studied, but time-resolved spectral characteristics of SF6 arc plasma have not been reported. In this paper, the optical filament generated from focused femtosecond laser is used to guide the high-voltage discharge for generating SF6 plasma in SF6 environment. The SF6 plasma spectrum is obtained in a wavelength range of 300–820 nm, and the identification and attribution of the spectral lines are investigated. The S and F lines are mainly in the 300–550 nm band and 600–800 nm band, respectively. The analysis shows that the S and F atoms are mainly directly or indirectly generated by the collision between SF6 and high-energy electrons during the SF6 decomposition caused by discharge. The S ions are generated by the collision of S atoms with high-energy electrons. The time-resolved spectrum of the SF6 plasma superimposed by the continuous spectrum and the line spectrum is given, and its intensity increases and then decreases. The continuous spectrum is mainly generated by the combined effect of bremsstrahlung and recombination radiation. The recombination radiation is mainly generated by the collision of electron with ions and the recombination between molecular and atoms after SF6 decomposition. The fluorescence lifetime of S ion at 409.91 nm is 57 ns, and the fluorescence lifetime of F atom at 685.60 nm is 341 ns. The evolution law of electron temperature and density with time are given. The electron temperature reaches 2047 K in the early stage of plasma formation. After that, the electron temperature quickly falls to about 1600 K within 300 ns due to the rapid expansion of the plasma and the increase in energy loss during electron movement. At the beginning of discharge, a large number of electrons are generated due to the rapid decomposition of SF6, and the electron density is highest ($ 10.1 \times {10^{17}}\;{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - {\rm{3}}}}$). After that, the electron density drops rapidly within 200 ns because the recombination between electrons and ions decreases with delay time. Finally, it is proved that the SF6 plasma is in local thermal equilibrium based on the Mc Whirter criterion. The results are of great significance for studying the decomposition mechanism of SF6 and the on-line monitoring technique of high-voltage equipment. Keywords:femtosecond laser-guided high-voltage discharge/ time-resolved spectroscopy/ electron temperature and density/ SF6
式中, ${N_{\rm{e}}}$为电子密度, ${T_{\rm{e}}}$为电子温度, Ni为等离子体中自由离子的密度, k为玻尔兹曼常数, Z为离子的电荷数, f为复合辐射光的频率, n为复合原子的能级主量子数, ${E_n}$为相应能级的能量. (9)式表明, 辐射功率与电子温度和电子密度等参数存在紧密联系. 图4为飞秒激光引导高压放电的SF6等离子体S III 409.91 nm和F I 685.60 nm的时间衰减寿命曲线, 采用单指数衰减函数对实验数据拟合, 拟合函数为 图 4 SF6电弧等离子体时间衰减寿命曲线 (a) S III 409.91 nm; (b) F I 685.60 nm Figure4. Time decay life curves of SF6 plasma: (a) S III 409.91 nm; (b) F I 685.60 nm.