Abstract:Two dimensional materials have been attracting intensive interest due to their unique physical and optoelectronic properties. As an emerging two dimensional materials, SnSe2 have shown a considerable potential for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic. Herein, SnSe2 bulk crystals have been prepared by a chemical vapour transport method with high purity tin and selenium powder as precursors. Then SnSe2 multilayers has been successfully prepared by a micromechanical exfoliation method from the SnSe2 bulk crystals. The phase structures and elemental composition of the bulk crystal are investigated using an X-Ray diffractometer, an X-ray photoelectrons spectrometer and a Raman spectrometer. And the morphologies are observed using an optical microscope, an atomic force microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The measurement results show that the SnSe2 bulks are single crystals with a high crystallization and purity. The SnSe2 multilayers have a size of 25–35 μm and a thickness of 1.4 nm. To detect the electronic and photoresponse characteristics of the SnSe2 multilayers, a field effect transistor based on such SnSe2 are fabricated via a photolithographic-pattern-transfer method. The transistor has a smooth surface without wrinkles and bubbles, and also has a good contact with Au electrodes. The transistor shows a linear output characteristic and an obvious rectification. The on/off ratio of the device is 47.9 and the electron mobility is 0.25 cm2·V–1·s–1. As a photodetector, the field effect transistor exhibits obvious photoresponse to three visible lights with the wavelengths of 405, 532, and 650 nm. As the lasers are turned on and the device is under illuminations of three visible lights, the current increase rapidly to a saturation state. Then as the lasers are switched off, the current decrease and recover to the original state. The drain-source current can alternate between high and low states rapidly and reversibly, which demonstrates photoresponse characteristics of the devices are stable and sensible. Notably, it shows a strongest response to the 405 nm light at an intensity of 5.4 mW/cm2 with a high responsivity of 19.83 A/W, a good external quantum efficiency of 6.07 × 103%, a normalized detectivity of 4.23 × 1010 Jones, and a fast response time of 23.8 ms. The results of this work demonstrate that layered SnSe2 can be a suitable and excellent candidate for visible light photodetector and has a huge potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Keywords:tin diselenide/ micromechanical exfoliation/ field-effect transistor/ photodetector
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2.1.单晶的合成
本文采用化学气相输运法获得二硒化锡单晶, 图1(a)为示意图, 将高纯锡粉和硒粉置于真空密封管中, 采用分段式的方式进行加热: 在第一阶段以每小时30 ℃的速率进行加热, 由室温上升到560 ℃, 并且在该温度下保持24 h, 在第二阶段采用每小时5 ℃的速率进行降温, 使温度降至550 ℃, 并在此温度下保持120 h, 然后以每小时10 ℃的速率逐渐降低到室温, 最后得到黑色具有金属光泽的二硒化锡单晶如图1(b)所示. 图 1 (a)化学气相输运示意图; (b) SnSe2单晶; (c)图形转移法流程图 Figure1. (a) Diagram of CVT; (b) SnSe2 single crystal; (c) Diagram of graph transfer method.