1.School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China 2.College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Abstract:Topology photonic, a combination of topology physics and optics provides novel visions to the demonstration of theoretical physics and designs principles to new optical devices. Being a key tool to condensed matter physics, tight-binding model helps the development of topology physics. We found that by changing the background material from vacuum to an effective medium with negative permittivity in traditional photonic crystals, a one-to-one correspondence to tight-binding model can be found for this new type of photonic crystal. We show by numerical simulations the existence of edge states located at both the zigzag and bearded boundaries of a honeycomb-lattice photonic crystal imbedded in negative permittivity material. Two experimental realizations are proposed that it is possible to build up a demonstration platform working at microwave frequencies to verify corresponding topology physics theories using simple photonic crystal structures. We hope that the successful verification of new topology physics can further trigger applications in optics. Keywords:topologic photonics/ Tight-Binding model/ photonic crystal/ edge/interface state
图1展示了我们的研究对象, 宽度为11个介质柱的蜂巢晶格类石墨烯光子晶体带. 每一个圆代表一根沿z方向无限高的介质柱. 考虑电场沿z轴的Transverse Magnetic(TM)偏振, 并沿x方向为无限延伸. 我们同时研究胡须形和之字形的界面态. 背景材料为相对介电常数ε = x, 相对磁导率μ = 1的材料(x < 0). 图 1 二维类石墨烯光子晶体结构示意图, 其蜂巢晶格原胞用红线标记. y轴方向上11个介质柱构成一个超原胞, 沿着x轴无限周期排列. 介质柱阵列的S1边界为之字形(zigzag)界面, S2为胡须形(bearded)界面, 介质柱半径r = 0.2a, a是蜂巢晶格的晶格常数 Figure1. The structure of a honeycomb-lattice graphene-like photonic crystal. Its honeycomb unit cell is indicated in red. A ribbon of 11 dielectric cylinders along the y direction is considered and it is periodically arranged in the x direction. The photonic crystal ribbon has zigzag (S1), bearded (S2) edges. The radius of cylinders shown here is r = 0.2a, where a is the lattice constant.
利用有限元数值仿真元件COMSOL Multiphysics仿真了这种具有负背景材料的类石墨烯光子晶体原胞的体能带. 由于该体系具有大量的变量, 我们重点关注背景介电常数x, 介质柱的尺寸y = r/a, 介质柱本身的材料介电常数z这三者, 并对比其中某一参数改变对光子晶体能带的影响. 在图2(a)中对比了四组不同的参数下, 第一布里渊区内的频率最低两条能带的能带结构. 图 2 (a)六角光子晶体最低的两条能带, 在布里渊区边界K点因为蜂巢晶格对称性具有狄拉克点. Band 0 对应了x = –10, y = 0.2, z = 8.5的能带, 即初始条件. Band x, y, z 在保持另两个初始值不变时, 改变了x = –5 (band x), y = 0.18 (band y), z = 10 (band z); (b) 左侧band (x = –20, y = 0.2, z = 8.5)和右侧band (x = –15, y = 0.18, z = 8.5) 对比了COMSOL计算的能带(点)以及用(5)式和(6)式拟合的紧束缚模型计算得到的能带(三角形) Figure2. (a) A Dirac cone dispersion appears at K point for the lowest two photonic bands of the honeycomb photonic crystal structure we studied. Band 0 represents the band diagram when x = –10, y = 0.2, z = 8.5; Band x, y and z correspond to the situations that only one parameter from that of band 0 is changed: x = –5 (band x), y = 0.18 (band y), z = 10 (band z); (b) the comparison between calculated lowest two photonic bulk bands of band left (x = –20, y = 0.2, z = 8.5) and band right (x = –15, y = 0.18, z = 8.5) (in red dots) and corresponding bands calculated with tight-binding model with fitted parameters using equations (5) and (6) (in hollow blue triangles).