1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 2.Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 3.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fund Project:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61405173, 61735011), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. F2016203389), and the Open Subject of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, China (Grant No. KDXS1107).
Received Date:19 November 2018
Accepted Date:06 May 2019
Available Online:01 July 2019
Published Online:05 July 2019
Abstract:The nonlinear effects and supercontinuum generation by the concept of wavelength conversion and amplification are experimentally studied in two Yb3+-doped microstructure fibers (Yb3+-MSFs), with the Ti: sapphire femtosecond pulses used as pump. Firstly, two Yb3+-MSFs are pumped by continuous wave separately to obtain the emission spectrum. The relationship between the luminous efficiency and the deviation of pump light from the Yb3+ absorption peak is studied for each of the two fibers. The experimental results indicate that the luminous efficiency decreases as the deviation increases. However, both fibers still have high luminous efficiency even when the deviation reaches to 85 nm. Secondly, the supercontinuum spectrum is generated by the femtosecond laser pumping the cores of the two fibers. The influence of the pump power, relative position between emission light and zero-dispersion wavelength λ0, pump wavelength and fiber length on the supercontinuum generation are studied. The results demonstrate that the amplified emission light at 1035 nm is first captured by the pump light to evolve into ultrashort pulse, and nonlinear effects are subsequently generated. As the pump power increases, for Yb3+-MSF1 whose λ0 is located near the emission light of Yb3+ irons, the fundamental soliton is generated and further shifts toward red region under Raman effect. Compared with Yb3+-MSF1, the Yb3+-MSF2 has a small core, which means that its λ0 is short and the emission light is located in its anomalous dispersion region far from the λ0. Experimental results reveal that higher-order soliton and soliton fission are more likely to happen and supercontinuum spectrum can be formed. However, the further broadening of the supercontinuum spectrum is limited by OH- absorption at 1380 nm. Either increasing the deviation of pump light from the Yb3+ absorption peak or shortening the fiber length reduces the accumulated power of the emission light, so the experimental results show that red-shift of Raman soliton is reduced and the supercontinuum spectrum is narrowed for both fibers. The supercontinuum generation efficiency in the output spectrum can reach 98% when the effect of pump light coupling efficiency and microstructure fiber loss are neglected. It means that almost all the residual pump light and emission light of Yb3+ contribute to the generation of supercontinuum. Finally, the Yb3+-MSF2s are tapered to different taper lengths to study their influence on supercontinuum generation. The results indicate that the leakage after tapering weakens the energy of the Raman soliton, which further results in the decrease of red-shift. Eventually, the red edge of supercontinuum spectrum shrinks seriously with theincrease of the taper length. However, the decreasing of λ0 at the taper waist leads to blue-shift of dispersive wave that satisfies the phase matching condition with Raman soliton. This contributes to the blue-shift of the short wavelength boundary and widens the range of supercontinuum spectrum at short wavelength. Therefore, tapering is a promising method of expanding supercontinuum spectrum towards short wavelength. In conclusion, the supercontinuum spectrum is generated in Yb3+-doped microstructure fiber pumped by the Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser. The output spectrum can be adjusted flexibly by combining the merit of high peak power and wavelength tunability of Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser and the characteristics of wavelength conversion and amplification of Yb3+ irons. Thus, the method presented in the paper provides a promising way to obtain tunable supercontinuum spectrum. Keywords:Yb3+-doped microstructure fiber/ supercontinuum generation/ wavelength conversion
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2.1.色散模拟
图1为自制Yb3+-MSF1和Yb3+-MSF2的基模色散曲线图, 插图(a)和图(b)分别为两MSFs端面图. Yb3+-MSF1和Yb3+-MSF2纤芯采用同种掺Yb3+玻璃, 纤芯材料的质量百分比为1.5Yb2O3-3.0Al2O3-0.5K2O-95.0SiO2, 用阿贝折射仪测得在波长589 nm处纤芯折射率为1.519. 由数字显微镜测得Yb3+-MSF1的空气孔平均直径为4.29 μm, 平均孔间距为5.16 μm, 纤芯掺杂区域直径为3.75 μm, 空气孔层数为8层, MSF外径为153.34 μm. Yb3+-MSF2的空气孔平均直径为3.78 μm, 平均孔间距为4.03 μm, 纤芯掺杂区域直径为3.14 μm, 空气孔层数为8层, MSF外直径为109.69 μm. 利用多极法模拟得到Yb3+-MSF1和Yb3+-MSF2的零色散波长分别位于1027和950 nm处. 图 1 Yb3+-MSF1、Yb3+-MSF2基模色散曲线图 (插图(a)和(b)分别为Yb3+-MSF1, Yb3+-MSF2端面图) Figure1. Dispersion curve of the fundamental mode of Yb3+-MSF1 and Yb3+-MSF2, respectively (the inset figures show the cross section of the Yb3+-MSF1 (a) and the Yb3+-MSF2 (b)).
22.2.发射光谱特性 -->
2.2.发射光谱特性
图2为Yb3+-MSF2在不同波长的连续光抽运下测得的发射光谱图, 其中实验用MSF长度为0.70 m, 功率为0.40 W, 波长分别为850, 870, 890 nm. 图2插图中实线和虚线分别表示的是Yb3+在石英光纤中的吸收和发射截面[20]. 由图2插图可知, Yb3+存在两个强烈的吸收峰, 中心波长分别为915和975 nm, 同时也可以看出, Yb3+的吸收光谱很宽, 波长覆盖850—1050 nm, Yb3+的发射光谱覆盖900—1150 nm, 在该区间内也有两个比较明显的发射峰, 中心波长分别位于975和1035 nm处. 图 2 抽运波长为850, 870, 890 nm时Yb3+-MSF2的发射光谱图(插图为Yb3+在石英光纤中的吸收和发射光谱图[20]) Figure2. Emission spectrum of the Yb3+-MSF2 when pump wavelength is 850, 870 and 890 nm, respectively (the inset figure shows the absorption and emission spectrum of Yb3+ in silica fiber[20]).