1.Institute of Applied Acoustics Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China 2.College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50875132, 60573172), and the Industrial Public Relation Project of Shaanxi Technology Committee, China (Grant Nos. 2015GY182, 2016GY-041).
Received Date:14 March 2019
Accepted Date:28 April 2019
Available Online:06 June 2019
Published Online:05 July 2019
Abstract:The interaction between bubbles in bubble group mainly acts on the other bubble through radiation sound pressure between the bubbles. In this paper, based on the bubble dynamics equation in bubble clouds, the equation of bubble wall motion is linearly reduced, the expression of bubble resonance frequency in spherical bubble group is obtained and the correction coefficient of bubble resonance frequency and single bubble are given. Furthermore, the effects of the initial radius, the number of bubbles and the distance between bubbles on the resonance frequency are discussed. The results show that the phase of bubbles is taken into account. Considering the interaction between bubbles, the resonance frequency of bubbles in spherical bubble group is obviously less than that of single bubble. With the decrease of the number of bubbles in bubble group, the distance between bubbles increases, the interaction between bubbles in bubble group decreases, and the resonance frequency of bubbles returns to the resonance frequency of Minnaert single bubble. At the same time, the resonance frequency of bubbles in bubble group changes gradient with the increase of the distance between bubbles and the number of bubbles. However, when the number of bubbles increases a certain value, the resonant frequency of the bubble is almost constant. When the bubble group has a certain radius, the more the number of bubbles, the smaller the resonance frequency of the bubble is, but there exists a critical value. It is also found that a smaller correction coefficient is held by the bubble group with larger initial radius, which indicates the same number of bubble groups. Under the same bubble spacing, the interaction of small bubbles with smaller bubbles is more significant, and the resonance frequency of the bubble is obviously affected. Because the frequency and amplitude of driving sound pressure can only be given values in ultrasonic cavitation, the resonant frequency of cavitation bubbles will be reduced by properly injecting air bubbles into liquid, which makes most of cavitation bubbles undergo intense non-linear oscillating steady-state cavitation. Therefore, the occurrence of cavitation can be effectively suppressed. Keywords:bubble/ resonant frequency/ bubble number/ distance
本文将水作为液体介质, 计算参数为[19]: ${\rho} = $$ 1000\;{\rm{kg}}/{{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}$, $\delta = 0.072\;{\rm{N}}/{\rm{m}}$. (8)式中气泡的谐振频率除了与气泡的初始半径有关外, 还与球状空化云中气泡数量、气泡之间距离有密切关系. 在图2中选取空化泡的初始半径为${R_0}$ = 20 μm, 得到空化泡之间距离、球状空化云中气泡数量等参数与气泡谐振频率之间关系. 图2(a)为气泡之间距离与气泡谐振频率之间关系, 对于初始半径为${R_0}$ = 20 μm 的气泡群, 当气泡之间距离为1到8个气泡初始半径时, 气泡的谐振频率受气泡之间相互作用影响较大. 再增大气泡之间距离时, 气泡之间相互作用几乎可以不计, 此时气泡谐振频率趋于一恒定值. 不同数量的气泡其谐振频率也不同, 在气泡之间距离相等时, 泡群中数量少的气泡受其他气泡之间的相互作用小, 气泡谐振频率较大. 同时泡群中气泡数量少的其谐振频率在气泡之间距离较近时受其他气泡的影响较为显著, 变化梯度要明显大于气泡数量多的泡群. 图2(b)为空化云中气泡数量与气泡谐振频率之间关系, 可以看出气泡谐振频率随气泡数量的增大而减小, 当气泡数量从1增加到150时, 气泡的谐振频率随数量变化显著, 急剧减小, 当气泡数量增加一定值后, 气泡的谐振频率几乎不变. 也就是说当泡群半径一定时, 不是气泡数量越多气泡的谐振频率越小, 而是有一个临界值. 图 2 泡群中气泡的谐振频率 (a)气泡谐振频率与泡群中气泡之间距离关系; (b)气泡谐振频率与泡群中气泡数量之间关系, 气泡的初始半径均为20 μm Figure2. Resonance frequency of bubbles in bubble group: (a) The relationship between bubble resonance frequency and distance in the bubble group; (b) the relationship between bubble resonance frequency and the number of bubbles in the bubble group, the initial radius of the bubbles is 20 μm.