Carrying capacity of water resources system coupling water resources with water environment thresholds
SUXianbao1,2,, LIXungui1,2,, ZHAOJunfeng1,2 1. Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Research Center for Arid and Desert, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 通讯作者:通讯作者:李勋贵,E-mail:lixung@lzu.edu.cn 收稿日期:2017-09-8 修回日期:2018-02-28 网络出版日期:2018-05-10 版权声明:2018《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51679115, 51109103)兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2016-173) 作者简介: -->作者简介: 苏贤保,男,云南楚雄人,硕士生,研究方向为水文学与水资源。E-mail:1974069979@qq.com
关键词:水资源;水环境;相对水资源承载力;开发潜力;甘肃省 Abstract Water resource carry capacity have great significance to the sustainable development of water resources and management. Current research methods in this field contain errors. Here, we adopted 17 basins in Gansu, China as an evaluation unit and developed a new carrying capacity of relative water resources method. Quantitative analyses for 2015, 2020 and 2030 water resource system carry capacity were done using a threshold value of water resources and water environments. We found that the calculation method of water resource system carry capacity is more consistent than current carrying capacity of relative water resources methods. Most area water resource system carrying capacity shows an overload state in Gansu. Overloaded river basins are concentrated in the northwest, non- overloaded river basins are concentrate in the southeast, The carrying capacity, load size and development potential all show a distribution pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest. On the whole, the river basin in the Hexi corridor and Huangshui basin do not have development potential; the Yellow River main stream and Jinghe development potential is smaller; Jialingriver, Weihe, Taohe and Datong river basin water resource system development potential is maximal; and other river basins are in the middle. Water resources have more powerful effects on water resource system comprehensive carry capacity than the water environment. We found that their distribution pattern is basically consistent after comparing the Gansu water resource system carry capacity results and development potential with other water resource system vulnerability evaluation results. These results provide a scientific basis for regional water resource system carrying capacity calculation, rational plan management and sustainable development
Keywords:water resources;water environment;carrying capacity of relative water resources;development potential;Gansu Province -->0 PDF (8502KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 苏贤保, 李勋贵, 赵军峰. 水资源-水环境阈值耦合下的水资源系统承载力研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(5): 1016-1025 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.05.14 SUXianbao, LIXungui, ZHAOJunfeng. Carrying capacity of water resources system coupling water resources with water environment thresholds[J]. RESOURCES SCIENCE, 2018, 40(5): 1016-1025 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.05.14
1 引言
进入21世纪以来,随着人口增长和社会经济快速发展,水资源迅速成为影响区域可持续发展的战略资源[1],水资源短缺成为全球面临的棘手问题,全球近24亿人的用水得不到保障,近40亿人面临缺水[2,3,4]。中国西北地区也是典型的缺水地区之一,加之近年来气候变化和人类活动的影响加剧[5,6,7],使得该区域资源性缺水和水质性缺水问题突出[8],水资源系统能否支撑经济社会的发展成为亟待解决的问题[9]。 水资源承载力研究可以量化水资源系统对经济社会发展的支撑能力,有助于合理规划区域未来的水资源开发战略[10,11]。目前对水资源承载力的研究中,在研究重点上,侧重于水资源数量的承载力[12,13],将流域的水资源承载力与水环境承载力两者单独研究,没有考虑水利工程的供水能力和水环境容量对水资源系统承载力的影响;将水资源承载力现状评价、规模预测、整体优化单独研究[14,15],致使研究成果难以比较分析。在研究方法上,近年来广泛应用的系统动力学法、模糊综合评价法等传统常规方法[16,17,18,19]主要从影响水资源承载力的因素或供需平衡的角度进行现状评价或规模预测,研究中没有从可利用水资源量中剔除劣Ⅴ类及以下水质的水量,没有将可利用水资源量进行水质类别划分就全部用于生活和生产中,致使计算的水资源承载力偏大;而现有的相对水资源承载力方法[20,21](carrying capacity of relative water resources),计算研究区各评价单元的承载力时,均用全国平均的人均生活用水量和单位GDP用水量,各评价单元之间用水效率和排污情况以及水质标准的差异导致各流域的综合承载力偏大或偏小。 传统的水资源单一数量承载力已不能满足水资源规划与管理的需求,综合考虑水资源与水环境双重约束下的水资源系统承载力,对水资源极度匮乏的甘肃省的社会经济与生态环境可持续发展意义重大。本研究以甘肃省17个三级流域为研究区,采用新的相对水资源承载力方法,从水资源和水环境的阈值入手[22],将二者综合承载的人口和GDP规模作为水资源系统的综合承载规模,并结合静态和动态研究,对水资源系统的承载力进行现状评价、规模预测和整体优化一体化研究,得出一个综合性和定量化的研究成果,探究甘肃省水资源系统承载力的变化及其开发潜力,据此为全省未来的水资源合理规划管理和水资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。
2 研究区概况、研究方法与数据来源
2.1 研究区概况
甘肃省地处青藏、蒙新和黄土高原的交汇处,地域狭长,介于北纬32°11´N—42°57´N和东经92°13´E—108°46´E之间,东西长1655 km,南北宽530 km,面积42.58万km2。全省气候从东南到西北包括北亚热带湿润区、高寒区、干旱区的各种气候类型,如图1a所示。年平均降雨量36.6~734.9 mm,年均温0~16℃。地貌类型齐全,山地、高原、平川、河谷、沙漠交错分布。植被类型丰富,囊括草原、草甸、沼泽、针叶林、阔叶林、荒漠、灌丛等多种类型。2015年,全省人口2599.5万,GDP总量6790.32亿元,水资源总量198.81亿m3,水资源开发利用率59.94%,人均水资源量458m3,缺水量10.72亿m3,缺水率8.3%,劣Ⅴ类水质的河段比例18.3%,资源型缺水、水质型缺水和工程型缺水并存。全省共3个一级流域,6个二级流域,18个三级流域,分别用代码1-18表示于流域分区图1b中,由于苏干湖流域没有数据,故本研究仅以其它17个三级流域为评价单元。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1甘肃省气候分区、流域分区 -->Figure 1Climate and drainage basin partition of Gansu Province -->
采用水资源系统承载力模型对甘肃省17个三级流域2015年、2020年、2030年的水资源系统承载力进行研究,给出采用不同用水标准(人均生活用水量、单位GDP用水量、人均生活排污量、单位GDP排污量)计算出的承载规模差异(如图2所示),以及各流域承载力的“定性”评价结果、承载规模的“定量”计算结果,分别如图3、图4(见1021页)所示。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图2不同用水标准的水资源承载规模对比 -->Figure 2Comparison of water resource carry scale between different water consumption standard -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图3甘肃省水资源系统承载力评价结果注:数字1—18表示三级流域代码,详见图1b。 -->Figure 3Water resource system carrying capacity evaluation results of Gansu Province -->
显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图4甘肃省水资源系统承载力规模 -->Figure 4The scale of water resource system carrying capacity of Gansu Province -->
综合水资源和水环境研究甘肃省水资源系统承载力,便于水资源合理规划和可持续开发利用,本研究结合水资源和水环境阈值,以相对水资源承载力方法分别对甘肃省2015年、2020年、2030年17个流域的水资源系统承载力进行研究,主要得出以下结论: (1)本研究所用的水资源系统承载力计算方法较现有的相对水资源承载力方法更符合实际,它充分考虑各流域间用水标准的差异,能消除研究区内各流域间用水标准差异造成的承载力计算误差。但该方法仅选取人口和GDP规模两个宏观指标表征承载力大小,存在一定的片面性。 (2)甘肃省大部分区域的水资源系统承载力呈现超载状态,承载力和承载规模均呈现东南高、西北低的分布格局,超载的流域集中分布在西北,不超载的流域集中分布在东南。 (3)综合来看,河西内陆河流域和湟水流域不具备开发潜力,黄河干流区间和泾河流域开发潜力最小,嘉陵江、渭河、洮河、大通河流域水资源系统开发潜力最大,其他流域开发潜力居中。 (4)水资源对水资源系统综合承载力的约束是绝对约束,而水环境是相对约束,水资源对水资源系统承载力的影响较水环境更强,在考虑二者的综合承载力时,应更注重水资源的承载力。 (5)对比甘肃省水资源承载力评价结果与水资源系统开发潜力和水资源脆弱性评价结果,发现三者的分布格局基本吻合,这一现象揭示了三者之间的内在联系。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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