连悦辰^1,2,,
刘秀铭^1,3,4,,,
Tabrez A.R.⁵,
马明明^1,3,
毛学刚^1,3,
綦昕瑶^1,2,
何玲珊^1,2,
周声芳^1,2
1. 福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地, 福建 福州 350007
2. 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福建 福州 350007
3. 福建师范大学地理研究所, 福建 福州 350007
4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
5. National Institute of Oceanography, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Islamic Republic of Pakistan

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41772180）资助


详细信息

作者简介: 连悦辰, 男, 24岁, 硕士研究生, 全球变化与第四纪方面的研究, E-mail: lianyuechen23@126.com

通讯作者: 刘秀铭, E-mail: xliu@fjnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P208,K351.2

收稿日期:2020-12-30
修回日期:2021-05-20
刊出日期:2021-11-30

Classification of loess distribution in ancient India and its relationship with ancient civilization based on supervised classification and DEM extraction index

LIAN Yuechen^1,2,,
LIU Xiuming^1,3,4,,,
Tabrez A.R.⁵,
MA Mingming^1,3,
MAO Xuegang^1,3,
QI Xinyao^1,2,
HE Lingshan^1,2,
ZHOU Shengfang^1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology(Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian
2. Fujian Normal University, School of Geographical Sciences, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian
3. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian
4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
5. National Institute of Oceanography, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Islamic Republic of Pakistan


More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Xiuming,E-mail:xliu@fjnu.edu.cn

MSC: P208,K351.2

--> Received Date: 30 December 2020
Revised Date: 20 May 2021
Publish Date: 30 November 2021


摘要
摘要:风成黄土广泛分布于干旱半干旱地区，记录着地球古气候的变化。以粉砂为主的地表黄土分布区结合适量的年降雨量往往形成旱作农业高度发展区，并可能像中国黄河流域那样发展为古文明起源地。古印度也是四大文明古国之一，印度河和恒河平原长期被认为是河流沉积物堆积而成，实地考察发现大面积风成黄土。在大范围实地考察的基础上，以地面采样点的地表光谱特征为认识基础，对古印度地区黄土进行监督分类，并结合基于DEM数据提取的地形位指数、分布指数曲线作为限制条件对监督分类结果进行优化，划分古印度地区的黄土分布范围。结果表明：古印度地区大面积分布的黄土主要位于塔尔沙漠的外围，包括沙漠东南部和南部；马尔瓦高原北部的恒河和亚穆纳河流域地区，以及塔尔沙漠北部和西部的印度河，以及苏特莱杰河流域地区。将古文明城市定居点投影在古印度黄土分布图上，发现古代先民并非逐河而居，而是大部分散居在黄土地上，结合该区域黄土耕地与现代农业的密切联系，能够为古印度文明的发展提供一个新的思考角度。
关键词: 风成黄土/
地形位指数/
监督分类/
印度河流域/
古文明

Abstract:Widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas, aeolian loess records the changes of the earth's paleoclimate. The surface loess areas tend to be highly developed dry farming areas, and may become an origin of ancient civilization. The study area includes Pakistan and the North-Western India(ancient Indian civilization), which can be divided into the northern high mountain area, the central plain area and the southeast Deccan Plateau according to the characteristics of physical geography. Ancient India is one of the Cradles of four great civilizations. The Indus River and Gangetic Plains have long been considered to be formed by the accumulation of river sediment. Field investigation has, however, found a large area of aeolian loess. We take the known loess sampling sites on the ground, Landsat 4-5TM remote sensing images and DEM data as the research objects, and take the known loess sampling sites and the ground objects with similar spectral characteristics as the training sample, making supervised classification of loess in ancient India region. Subsequently, combined with the topographic index and distribution curve extracted from DEM data, the results of supervised classification were optimized, and the distribution range of loess in ancient India was divided. The result shows that the large area of continuous loess in ancient Indian area is mainly distributed in periphery of Thar Desert, including the desert southeast and south, the Ganges and Yamuna river valleys region in the northern part of The Malwa Plateau, and the Indus River and Sutlej River valleys in the northern and western of Thar Desert. Afterward, projecting the archaeological sites of ancient India onto the loess distribution map shows that more than half of urban phase Indus sites are distributed in the loess area, and only less than 5% of urban phase Indus sites are distributed within 10 km from the river. Therefore, the ancient ancestors did not live along the river, but mostly scattered on the loess land, and combined with the close connection between the loess farmland and modern agriculture can provide a new perspective on the development of ancient India civilization.
Key words:aeolian loess/
topographic index/
supervised classification/
Indus River Basin/
ancient civilization



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