陈亭亭^1,,
贾鑫^2,,,
黎海明¹,
董广辉¹
1. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 西部环境教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
2. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 江苏 南京 210023

基金项目: 国家重点研究发展计划项目（批准号：2018YFA0606402）、中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目（批准号：131C11KYSB20160061）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41671077和41771223）和中国博士后科学基金项目（批准号：2016M601769）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 陈亭亭, 女, 25岁, 硕士研究生, 环境考古研究, E-mail:chentt17@lzu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 贾鑫, E-mail:jiaxin@nju.edu.cn

中图分类号: K871.2;Q914

收稿日期:2018-08-21
修回日期:2018-10-16
刊出日期:2019-01-30

The analysis of spatiotemporal transformations of agricultural and its influence factors during Qijia culture period in GansuQinghai region

Chen Tingting^1,,
Jia Xin^2,,,
Li Haiming¹,
Dong Guanghui¹
1. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System(Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu
2. School of Geographic and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu


More Information

Corresponding author: Jia Xin,E-mail:jiaxin@nju.edu.cn

MSC: K871.2;Q914

--> Received Date: 21 August 2018
Revised Date: 16 October 2018
Publish Date: 30 January 2019


摘要
摘要:史前时代东西方交流及其对人类生产方式变化的影响是备受关注的前沿科学问题。甘青地区是东西方文化交流的关键区域，考古研究显示该地区的跨大陆文化互动始于齐家文化时期（4300~3500 a B.P.）。作为铜石并用时代的重要文化类型，齐家文化早期（4300~4000 a B.P.）至晚期（4000~3500 a B.P.）先民生产方式发生了显著改变。然而，已开展的植物考古研究主要集中在甘肃西部和青海东部，甘肃中、东部的研究相对薄弱，齐家文化时期农业结构的时空变化过程及其影响因素尚不清晰。针对上述问题，文章对甘肃中、东部7处齐家文化时期遗址的植物大遗存进行研究，将其与已有研究结果对比，分析了甘青地区齐家文化时期农业结构的时空差异及其影响因素。结果显示，齐家文化早期，甘青地区东、西部的农业结构均以粟（Setaria italica）为主、黍（Panicum miliaceum）为辅，这可能与粟的高产性和水分利用的高效性等有关；齐家文化晚期，西亚起源的小麦（Triticum aestivum）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare）传入甘青地区，西部的农业结构转变为粟黍农业为主、麦类农业为辅，但甘肃东部依然延续前期以粟黍为主的单一农业结构，这可能源于不同地区对气候趋于冷干的响应程度不同。本研究显示甘青地区齐家文化时期农作物种植结构的时空变化受到史前东西方交流和气候变化与局地环境等因素的共同影响，有助于理解史前东西方交流关键时期和区域人地关系演变的过程与机制。
关键词: 甘青地区/
铜石并用时代/
生业模式/
跨大陆文化交流/
气候变化/
生存环境差异

Abstract:The interaction between the east and the west in prehistoric times and its influence on the change of human production mode is a frontier scientific problem. Gansu-Qinghai region is a key area of cultural interaction between the east and the west. Archaeological studies show that the intercontinental cultural interaction in this region began in the Qijia culture period(4300~3500 a B.P.) belonged to the Copper-Stone Age, and the production mode of the ancestors of Qijia culture from the early(4300~4000 a B.P.) to the late(4000~3500 a B.P.) changed significantly. However, the research on plant archaeology that has been carried out mainly focuses on western Gansu and eastern Qinghai, while the research on central and eastern Gansu is relatively weak, resulting in the spatiotemporal variation process of agricultural structure in the period of Qijia culture and its influencing factors are still unclear.
In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial differences and its influencing factors of the agricultural structure in the Qijia culture period in Gansu-Qinghai region by studying the plant macrofossils at the sites of Qijia culture period in central and eastern Gansu Province. We collected 7 sites of Qijia culture that included Shangmiangua site(35.64°N, 107.13°E), Buzihao site(35.71°N, 107.30°E), Houhemagougou site(35.634°N, 107.27°E) in Zhenyuan County, Dongpo site(35.26°N, 107.57°E), Qiaocun site(35.15°N, 107.49°E), Jiangjiazui site(35.04°N, 107.44°E) in Lingtai County on eastern Gansu and Guanzizui site in Lintao County on central Gansu. We got 23 soil samples on central and eastern Gansu Province. 13567 of charred plant seeds were identified respectively. Based on the flotation method and AMS ¹⁴C chronometry, The results showed that in the early period of the Qijia culture, the agricultural structure in the east and west of the Gansu-Qinghai region was dominated by foxtail millet and supplemented by broomcorn millet, which may be related to the high yield of foxtail millet and the high efficiency of water usage. In the late period of Qijia culture, wheat and barley originated in West Asia were introduced into the Gansu-Qinghai region, and the agricultural structure in the west was changed to mainly millet agriculture and supplemented by wheat agriculture. However, in the eastern part of Gansu, a single agricultural structure dominated by millet was continued, which may be related to different regions' responses to climate change. Millet can satisfy people's demand.
This study shows that the spatiotemporal variation of crop planting structure during the Qijia culture period in the Gansu-Qinghai region is affected by the interaction between the prehistoric east and the west, climate change and local environment and other factors, which is helpful to understand the process and mechanism of the evolution of human-land relations in the key period of the communication between the prehistoric east and the west.
Key words:Gansu-Qinghai region/
Copper-Stone age/
profession model/
transcontinental cultural exchanges/
climate changes/
differences of living environment



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