戴锦奇^1,2,,
左昕昕^1,2,,,
蔡喜鹏³,
温松全⁴,
靳建辉^1,2,
仲蕾洁³,
夏韬钦³
1. 福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地, 福建 福州 350007
2. 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福建 福州 350007
3. 福州市文物考古工作队, 福建 福州 350001
4. 福建博物院, 福建 福州 350025

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41771241、41830322和41430103）和福建师范大学创新研究团队项目（批准号：IRTL1705）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 戴锦奇, 女, 22岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理学专业, E-mail:jinqidai_dl@163.com

通讯作者: 左昕昕, E-mail:zuoxinxin@live.cn, zuoxinxin@fjnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: K871.2;Q914

收稿日期:2018-10-30
修回日期:2018-12-10
刊出日期:2019-01-30

The mixed rice and millet agriculture in Neolithic age lower Minjiang River: Phytolith evidence from the Baitoushan site

Dai Jinqi^1,2,,
Zuo Xinxin^1,2,,,
Cai Xipeng³,
Wen Songquan⁴,
Jin Jianhui^1,2,
Zhong Leijie³,
Xia Taoqin³
1. State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian
2. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian
3. Fuzhou Municipal Institute of Archaeology, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian
4. Fujian Museum, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian


More Information

Corresponding author: Zuo Xinxin,E-mail:zuoxinxin@live.cn; zuoxinxin@fjnu.edu.cn

MSC: K871.2;Q914

--> Received Date: 30 October 2018
Revised Date: 10 December 2018
Publish Date: 30 January 2019


摘要
摘要:稻作和旱作农业的起源与传播一直是植物考古和农业考古研究中的热点，闽江下游地区农业开始的时间及其发展过程对农业向南及向台湾传播的路径和时间研究至关重要，然而由于缺少详细的植物考古学工作，迄今为止关于该地区稻作和旱作农业开始的时间仍然是不清楚的。文章对闽江下游新发掘的闽侯县荆溪镇白头山遗址进行了系统的采样，通过考古学研究和¹⁴C测定确立了年代框架，对遗址进行了详细的植硅体分析。研究结果表明，白头山遗址主要包含闽江下游地区新石器时代晚期到末期的遗存（约5000~3000 cal.a B.P.），该遗址中植硅体类型丰富，自昙石山下层文化时期至黄瓜山文化时期，均发现有水稻特征型植硅体，黍子稃壳植硅体首次出现于昙石山文化层，说明在距今5000年左右稻作农业已经传播到了闽江下游，距今4700年左右的昙石山文化时期地层中黍子的出现则说明旱作农业的传入，形成了稻旱混作的原始农业格局。结合闽江流域及台湾地区其他的植物考古学工作，认为闽江是稻旱农业向台湾及东南亚地区传播的重要通道，研究结果为深入了解闽江流域新石器时代农业的发生、发展及其结构特征提供新的认识，为稻旱混作农业南传的时间及路径提供了新的证据。
关键词: 农业起源/
微体化石/
植物考古/
福州盆地

Abstract:The origin and spread of rice and millet has been a debated issue in recent years. The origin and development of agriculture in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River is very important to the origin civilization of the Austronesian. But questions about its origin and spread in this region remain unclear.
Baitoushan site(26°07'50.67"N, 119°09'16.36"E) is located at the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, Fujian Province, and it was excavated in 2018. The deposits at Baitoushan site were divided into 13 layers. Layer 1 is modern cultivated soil zone. Layer 2 is the disturbance layer during historical period. Layer 3 belong to the Bronze Age and Layer 4 belongs to Huangguashan culture(4300~3500 cal.a B.P.). Layer 5~10 belongs to Tanshishan culture(5000~4300 cal.a B.P.), and Layer 11~13 represent artifacts and features of the early Tanshishan culture(5500~5000 cal.a B.P.). We collected 17 soil samples from the different cultural layers of the Baitoushan site. On the basis of two radiocarbon dates and typological sequence, we established the chronological model of the site. We recovered rice phytoliths(double-peaked phytoliths, rice bulliform and parallel-bilobate) from the Early Tanshishan culture to Huangguashan culture, and we found several common millet husk phytoliths at Tanshishan culture. The results showed that rice had been cultivated around 5000 cal.a B.P. Millet was cultivated together with rice at the Baitoushan site in the Lower reaches of Minjiang River around 4700 cal.a B.P.
It is the first time that the millet was recovered at Tanshishan culture. And the millet phytoliths found at the Baitoushan site is the earliest evidence in the Lower reaches of Minjiang River, indicating that the mixed rice and millet agriculture had been established here ca. 4700 years ago. Minjiang River valley is one of the important corridors for the spread of agriculture. This study provides new evidence for the spread of rice and millet to the southeast coastal areas of China, as well as sheds lights on the early cultural communications between Taiwan and the mainland of China in the Neolithic Age.
Key words:origin of agriculture/
microfossil/
archaeobotany/
Fuzhou basin



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