吕颖^1,2,,
张健平^1,3,4,,,
唐淼⁵,
杨占风⁵,
黄明⁵,
姜铭⁵,
闫雪⁵,
邵孔兰¹,
温昌辉¹,
叶茂林⁶,
吕厚远^1,2,3,4
1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院新生代地质与环境院重点实验室, 北京 100029
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3. 中国科学院地球科学研究院, 北京 100029
4. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101
5. 成都文物考古研究院, 四川 成都 610072
6. 中国社会科学院考古研究所, 北京 100101

基金项目: 中国科学院（B类）战略性先导科技专项项目（批准号：XDB26000000）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41830322）和中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（批准号：2017096）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 吕颖, 女, 24岁, 硕士研究生, 第四纪地质学专业, E-mail: lvying@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

通讯作者: 张健平, E-mail: jpzhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

中图分类号: Q913.84, K854, K871

收稿日期:2021-03-02
修回日期:2021-05-19
刊出日期:2021-09-30

Phytolith analysis reveals the agricultural development and environmental background of the pre-Qin period in Chengdu Plain—A case study of Baodun and Sanxingcun sites

Lü Ying^1,2,,
ZHANG Jianping^1,3,4,,,
TANG Miao⁵,
YANG Zhanfeng⁵,
HUANG Ming⁵,
JIANG Ming⁵,
YAN Xue⁵,
SHAO Konglan¹,
WEN Changhui¹,
YE Maolin⁶,
Lü Houyuan^1,2,3,4
1. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Institution of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
4. CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Beijing 100101
5. Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Chengdu, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan
6. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101


More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Jianping,E-mail:jpzhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

MSC: Q913.84, K854, K871

--> Received Date: 02 March 2021
Revised Date: 19 May 2021
Publish Date: 30 September 2021


摘要
摘要:长期以来，由于受到考古样品保存和研究方法的限制，成都平原先秦农业结构变化、人类生业方式、农业发展与微环境的关系等研究尚不够完善。本文对成都平原的新津宝墩遗址和青白江三星村遗址约4500 cal.a B.P.以来的文化层沉积物进行了农作物植硅体分析，结果表明宝墩文化（4500~3700 a B.P.）以利用水稻（Oryza sativa）为主体（约84 %），仅有少量粟（Setaria italica）、黍（Panicum miliaceum）出现（约16 %）；宝墩文化晚期（约4000~3700 a B.P.）水稻植硅体浓度到达峰值（303160粒/g）后有所下降，粟、黍基本消失；到三星堆文化早期（3700~3400 a B.P.）水稻浓度仍保持下降趋势，粟、黍仍未出现，揭示了以宝墩文化为代表的成都平原新石器文化是以水稻为主，兼有少量粟、黍的稻-旱兼作农业结构，这一结构至少持续至三星堆文化早期。宝墩遗址中水稻驯化程度自文化层底部开始，整体呈逐渐上升趋势，推测与成都平原农业活动不断加强，遗址区域水资源增加有一定关系。上述发现，不仅为理解成都平原新石器时代农业发展进程提供了新的参考资料，同时也为我国稻旱兼作农业的研究提供了新证据。
关键词: 成都平原/
植硅体/
农业结构/
水稻/
驯化/
宝墩遗址/
三星村遗址

Abstract:Chengdu Plain locates in the western part of Sichuan Basin, which is the largest plain in Southwest China. Since the Middle Holocene Chengdu Plain has gradually developed prosperous Neolithic cultures with agricultural activities. At present, it is one of the most important rice producing areas in China. However, due to the limitations of the preservation of archaeological samples, the changes of agricultural structure, the relationship between agricultural development and microenvironment in Chengdu Plain were not clear. In this study, crop phytolith and chronological evidence were provided from the Baodun Site(30°28'53″N, 103°44'53″E) in Xinjin District and the Sanxingcun Site(30°52'16″N, 104°12'50″E) in Qingbaijiang District of Chengdu Plain, from the early stage of Baodun Culture(about 4500 cal.a B. P.) to the early stage of Sanxingdui Culture(about 3400 cal.a B. P.).
Phytolith analysis showed that rice dominated the stage of Baodun Culture(about 84%) and only a small amount of millet appeared(about 16%); The rice reached the peak(303160 grains/g) in the late period of Baodun culture(about 4000 cal.a B. P.), and then rice decreased gradually, while the millet basically disappeared. Rice in early Sanxingdui period maintained a declining trend, and millet did not appear. These results indicate that the rice-millet mixed farming structure has been dominated by rice planting with a small amount of millet since the late Neolithic in Chengdu Plain, which lasted at least for the early Sanxingdui Culture.
According to the statistics of the fish scales of the rice bulliforms in T1217 profile at Baodun Site, the degree of rice domestication in pre-Qin times at Baodun site showed an overall upward trend(from 24% to 69%), which may be attributed to the emergence of Baodun culture that strengthened agricultural activities and promoted rice domestication. In addition, the index S/F, which reflects the degree of dryness and wettability, was calculated, also showed an upward trend. So we speculate there was potential correlation between rice domestication and the wetness of microenvironment.
These findings not only provide a new reference for understanding the development process of Neolithic agriculture in Chengdu Plain, but also provide new evidence for the study of rice-millet mixed agriculture in Southwest China.
Key words:Chengdu Plain/
phytolith/
agriculture/
rice/
domestication/
Baodun site/
Sanxingcun site



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