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磷肥施用量对石灰性土壤磷组分和作物磷积累量的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
徐晓峰,,
米倩,
刘迪,
付森林,
王旭刚,
郭大勇,
周文利
河南科技大学农学院/洛阳市植物营养与环境生态重点实验室　洛阳　471023
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201700)资助

详细信息
通讯作者:徐晓峰, 主要从事农田养分资源管理、农业废弃物资源化研究。E-mail: xuxf101@163.com
中图分类号:S158.5

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收稿日期:2021-03-26
录用日期:2021-08-29
网络出版日期:2021-08-27
刊出日期:2021-11-10

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer rate on phosphorus fractions contents in calcareous soil and phosphorus accumulation amount in crop

XU Xiaofeng,,
MI Qian,
LIU Di,
FU Senlin,
WANG Xugang,
GUO Dayong,
ZHOU Wenli
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology / Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang 471023, China
Funds:This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0201700)

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Corresponding author:XU Xiaofeng, E-mail: xuxf101@163.com


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摘要
摘要:为了明确磷肥减量施用对石灰性土壤磷组分及其与作物磷积累量关系的影响, 设置3个施磷量, 按纯磷计分别为150 kg·hm?2(P150)、37.5 kg·hm?2(P37)和0 kg·hm?2(P0), 经过连续2年4季冬小麦-夏玉米轮作, 采用Hedley土壤磷组分分组法, 研究土壤磷组分含量的变化及其存储贡献率、输出贡献率, 并采用回归分析、通径分析和结构方程模型探讨土壤关键磷组分及其与磷肥施用量、作物磷积累量间的关系。结果表明, 与P37处理相比, P150处理导致土壤全磷显著增加, 并显著提高阴离子交换树脂态无机磷组分(resin_Pi)、NaHCO3提取态无机磷(NaHCO3_Pi)、NH4OAc提取态无机磷(NH4OAc_Pi)、NaOH-Na2S2O6提取态无机磷(Fe_Pi)和NaHCO3提取态有机磷(NaHCO3_Po)等组分含量(P<0.05)。P0处理与P37处理相比, 土壤磷及其组分含量无显著变化。土壤无机磷组分和有机磷组分的存储贡献率分别为72.6%和23.8%。土壤盈余磷主要存储在HCl提取态无机磷(HCl_Pi)、Fe_Pi、NH4OAc_Pi、resin_Pi和HCl提取态有机磷(HCl_Po)等组分中。土壤无机磷组分的输出贡献率为41.0%, 有机磷组分的输出贡献率为56.4%。其中HCl_Po、Fe_Pi和NH4OAc_Pi的输出贡献率分别为39.44%、17.36%和13.06%。HCl_Pi和resin_Pi的输出贡献率仅为1.91%和0.40%。在结构方程模型中, 施磷量对Fe_Pi、HCl_Pi、NH4OAc_Pi、resin_Pi、NH4F_Po、NaHCO3_Pi和NaHCO3_Po等组分的载荷因子分别为0.078、0.077、0.061、0.036、0.018、0.015和0.012。Fe_Pi、NH4OAc_Pi和HCl_Po等组分对作物磷积累量的载荷因子分别为0.355、0.334和?0.039。上述结果表明, 石灰性土壤中, Fe_Pi、NH4OAc_Pi和HCl_Po是关键磷组分, 其中Fe_Pi和NH4OAc_Pi在不施磷时易消耗, 但也易通过施磷得到补充; HCl_Po有效性高, 不易更新。HCl_Pi有效性低, 是磷肥当季有效性低的重要原因。建议磷肥施用量的决策应以关键磷组分的存储贡献率为依据。
关键词:石灰性土壤/
土壤磷组分/
结构方程模型/
减量施磷/
输出贡献率
Abstract:Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer wastes phosphorus resources and induces eutrophication in lakes and rivers. To study the effect of reduction of phosphorus fertilizer on phosphorus fractions in calcareous soil and its relationship with crop phosphorus accumulation, three treatments were set up, i.e., phosphorus application rates of 150 kg?hm?2 (P150), 37.5 kg·hm?2 (P37), and 0 kg?hm?2 (P0). After two consecutive years of “winter wheat-summer maize” crops rotation, the changes in the contents of soil phosphorus fractions were studied using Hedley soil phosphorus fractionation method, and the storage contribution rate and output contribution rate of each fraction were also estimated. The relationship between soil phosphorus fractions contents, phosphorus fertilizer application rate, and crop phosphorus uptake amount were explored by using regression analysis, path analysis, and structural equation model. The results showed that compared with P37, P150 led to a significant increase in soil total phosphorus content. The contents of inorganic phosphorus extracted with anion exchangeresin (resin_Pi), with NaHCO3 (NaHCO3_Pi), with NH4OAc (NH4OAc_Pi) and with NaOH-Na2S2O6 (Fe_Pi), and organic phosphorus extracted with NaHCO3 (NaHCO3_Po) in P150 were significantly higher than those in P37, while the other fractions showed no significant change. P0 did not cause a significant decrease in the contents of soil phosphorus fractions. The storage contribution rates of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and organic phosphorus fractions were 72.6% and 23.8%, respectively. Among them, the storage contribution rates of inorganic phosphorus extracted with HCl (HCl_Pi), Fe_Pi, NH4OAc_Pi, resin_Pi, and organic phosphorus extracted with HCl (HCl_Po) were 24.45%, 18.1%, 13.62%, 11.15%, and 9.30%, respectively. The output contribution rate of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions was 41.0%, and that of organic phosphorus fractions was 56.4%. Among them, the output contribution rates of HCl_Po, Fe_Pi, and NH4OAc_Pi were 39.44%, 17.36%, and 13.06%, respectively. The output contribution rates of HCl_Pi and resin_Pi were only 1.91% and 0.40%, respectively. In the structural equation model, the load factors of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on Fe_Pi, HCl_Pi, NH4OAc_Pi, resin_Pi, organic phosphorus extracted with NH4F (NH4F_Po), NaHCO3_Pi, and NaHCO3_Po were 0.078, 0.077, 0.061, 0.036, 0.018, 0.015, and 0.012, respectively. The load factors of Fe_Pi, NH4OAc_Pi, and HCl_Po on crop phosphorus uptake were 0.355, 0.334, and ?0.039, respectively. The above results show that in calcareous soil, Fe_Pi, NH4OAc_Pi, and HCl_Po were the key phosphorus fractions. Among them, Fe_Pi and NH4OAc_Pi were easily consumed when no phosphorus fertilizer was applied, but they can be easily supplemented by phosphorus fertilizer application. However, HCl_Po was available to the crop but was not easily replenished by phosphorus fertilizer application. The high storage contribution rate and low output contribution rate of HCl_Pi fraction were the important reasons for the low efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in the current season. It is suggested that the choice of phosphorus application rate should be based on the storage contribution rate of the key phosphorus fractions.
Key words:Calcareous soil/
Phosphorus fractions in soil/
Structural equation model/
Reducing phosphorus rate/
Output contribution rate

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图1肥料磷在土壤磷组分中的分配及磷组分对作物磷吸收量的贡献
各磷组分说明见表1的表注。线段宽度代表载荷因子大小, 线段上数值为“载荷因子(P值)”。The description of each phosphorus fraction is shown in the note of Table 1. The width of line segment represents the load factor size, and the value on the line segment is “load factor (P value)”.
Figure1.Distribution of fertilizer phosphorus in soil phosphorus fractions and contributions of phosphorus fractions to crop phosphorus uptake


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表1不同施磷处理下土壤各磷组分及总磷含量
Table1.Contents of phosphorus fractions and total phosphorus in soil under different phosphorus rates mg·kg?1
施磷量
Phosphorus rate
(kg·hm?2)		resin_PiNaHCO3_PiNH4OAC_PiNH4F_PiFe_PiHCl_Pires_P
0 (P0)6.61±0.96b6.01±0.48c77.11±5.54b30.67±2.25a31.42±5.12b274.08±25.01a326.50±22.03a
37 (P37)6.72±0.67b7.29±0.31bc80.73±3.15b31.68±1.73a36.23±10.52b274.61±43.99a327.23±76.24a
150 (P150)17.64±4.71a9.43±2.62a94.07±4.95a34.69±11.81a53.96±3.58a298.57±64.08a330.81±42.40a
施磷量
Phosphorus rate
(kg·hm?2)		resin_PoNaHCO3_PoNH4OAC_PoNH4F_PoFe_PoHCl_PoTP
0 (P0)11.81±0.99b0.37±0.15b11.26±0.98a6.44±1.63ab33.86±6.19a236.25±27.04a1052.38±20.38b
37 (P37)13.36±0.87b0.67±0.58b12.25±2.49a7.42±2.20ab34.73±11.62a247.18±36.04a1080.09±64.76b
150 (P150)17.08±5.96ab4.51±4.75a13.53±11.72a11.52±5.21a35.98±6.88a256.29±49.04a1178.07±11.25a
　　不同小写字母表示P<0.05水平不同施磷量间差异显著。resin_Pi: 阴离子交换树脂态无机磷; resin_Po: 阴离子交换树脂态有机磷; NaHCO3_Pi: NaHCO3提取态无机磷; NaHCO3_Po: NaHCO3提取态有机磷; NH4OAC_Pi: NH4OAc提取态无机磷; NH4OAC_Po: NH4OAc提取态有机磷; NH4F_Pi: NH4F提取态无机磷; NH4F_Po: NH4F提取态有机磷; Fe_Pi: NaOH-Na2S2O6提取态无机磷; Fe_Po: NaOH-Na2S2O6提取态有机磷; HCl_Pi: HCl提取态无机磷; HCl_Po: HCl提取态有机磷; res_P: 残渣态磷; TP: 全磷。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different phosphorus rates at P<0.05. resin_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with anion exchangeresin; resin_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with anion exchangeresin; NaHCO3_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with NaHCO3 solution; NaHCO3_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with NaHCO3 solution; NH4OAC_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with NH4OAc solution; NH4OAC_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with NH4OAc solution; NH4F_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with NH4F solution; NH4F_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with NH4F solution; Fe_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with NaOH-Na2S2O6 solution; Fe_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with NaOH-Na2S2O6 solution; HCl_Pi: inorganic phosphorus extracted with HCl solution; HCl_Po: organic phosphorus extracted with HCl solution; res_P: residual phosphorus; TP: total phosphorus.


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表2不同土壤磷组分对磷在土壤中存储和输出的贡献
Table2.Contribution rates of soil phosphorus fractions to storage and output of phosphorus in soil %
项目 Itemresin_PiNaHCO3_PiNH4OAc_PiNH4F_PiFe_PiHCl_Pi合计 Total
输出贡献率 Output contribution rate0.404.6213.063.6417.361.9141.00
存储贡献率 Storage contribution rate11.152.1813.623.0718.1024.4572.57
项目 Itemresin_PoNaHCO3_PoNH4OAc_PoNH4F_PoFe_PoHCl_Po合计 Total
输出贡献率 Output contribution rate5.591.083.573.543.1439.4456.37
存储贡献率 Storage contribution rate3.803.921.314.181.28 9.3023.78
各磷组分说明见表1的表注。
The description of each phosphorus fraction is shown in the note of Table 1.


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表3作物磷吸收量与土壤磷组分含量多元回归及通径分析结果
Table3.Multiple regression and path analysis between soil phosphorus fractions contents and phosphorus uptake amount of crop
项目
Item		系数
Coefficient		P值
P value		直接效应
Direct effect		间接效应
Indirect effect		总效应
Total effect
截距 Intercept ?19.07 0.67 — — —
resin_Pi ?1.99 0.16 ?0.74 1.34 0.60
NaHCO3_Pi 3.47 0.06 0.72 ?0.16 0.56
NH4OAc_Pi 0.44 0.28 0.31 0.22 0.53
NaHCO3_Po 2.80 0.11 0.56 ?0.05 0.51
NH4F_Pi 1.70 0.05 0.68 ?0.20 0.48
resin_Po ?1.85 0.10 ?0.64 0.82 0.19
res_P 0.07 0.22 0.26 ?0.09 0.17
NH4OAc_Po ?0.81 0.29 ?0.30 0.45 0.15
NH4F_Po 2.07 0.13 0.60 ?0.57 0.03
HCl_Po ?0.07 0.23 ?0.25 0.04 ?0.21
　　各磷组分说明见表1的表注。
The description of each phosphorus fraction is shown in the note of Table 1.


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表4磷肥施用量与土壤磷组分含量的线性回归方程
Table4.Regression relationship between soil phosphorus fractions contents and phosphorus fertilizer rate
磷组分
Phosphorus fraction		截距
Intercept		斜率
Slope		R2P值
P value
Fe_Pi3.287.400.661.02×10?6
NH4OAc_Pi7.636.090.694.21×10?7
resin_Pi5.413.650.762.11×10?8
resin_Po1.212.480.414.32×10?4
NaHCO3_Pi6.321.760.614.63×10?6
NH4F_Po5.681.660.257.56×10?3
NaHCO3_Po0.471.270.379.83×10?4
　　各磷组分说明见表1的表注。
The description of each phosphorus fraction is shown in the note of Table 1.


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表5土壤磷组分含量及施肥量和作物磷吸收量的相关关系
Table5.Correlations between soil phosphorus fractions contents, phosphorus fertilizer rate and crop phosphorus absorption
NaHCO3_PiNH4OAc_PiNH4F_PiFe_PiHCl_Piresin_PoNaHCO3_PoNH4OAc_PoNH4F_PoFe_PoHCl_Pores_PP_uptakePapplying
Resin_Pi 0.57** 0.72** 0.39 0.77** 0.07 0.32 0.80** 0.03 0.32 0.03 0.17 0.22 0.60** 0.88**
NaHCO3_Pi 0.70** 0.36 0.64** 0.45* 0.72** 0.28 0.39 0.40 0.20 ?0.01 ?0.10 0.56** 0.79**
NH4OAc_Pi 0.29 0.81** 0.20 0.65** 0.50* 0.09 0.42* 0.10 0.11 ?0.05 0.53** 0.83**
NH4F_Pi 0.38 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.54** ?0.19 0.05 0.09 ?0.21 0.48* 0.38
Fe_Pi 0.15 0.51* 0.68** 0.15 0.33 ?0.32 0.14 ?0.03 0.57** 0.82**
HCl_Pi 0.20 ?0.06 0.45* 0.14 0.37 ?0.68** ?0.36 0.30 0.27
resin_Po 0.14 0.14 0.62** 0.27 0.26 ?0.16 0.19 0.66**
NaHCO3_Po ?0.26 0.00** ?0.15 0.10 0.25 0.51* 0.63**
NH4OAc_Po 0.29 0.00** 0.06 ?0.50* 0.15 0.22
NH4F_Po 0.13 0.38 ?0.17 0.03 0.53**
Fe_Po ?0.30 0.05 0.09 0.17
HCl_Po ?0.07 ?0.21 0.18
res_P 0.17 0.05
P_uptake 0.59**
各磷组分说明见表1的表注。Papplying: 施磷量; P_uptake: 吸磷量。*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著相关。
The description of each phosphorus fraction is shown in the note of Table 1. Papplying: phosphorus rate; P_uptake: phosphorus uptake. * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.


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