潘畅1,
郭佳欢1,
冯会丽1,
陈杰2,
俞元春1,,
1.南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心/南京林业大学生物与环境学院 南京 210037
2.福建省建阳范桥国有林场 南平 354200
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600304)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助
详细信息
作者简介:于文睿南, 主要从事土壤生态研究。E-mail: 853255684@qq.com
通讯作者:俞元春, 主要从事森林土壤研究。E-mail: ycyu@njfu.edu.cn
中图分类号:S714.2计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2021-04-07
录用日期:2021-06-23
网络出版日期:2021-08-20
刊出日期:2021-11-10
Topsoil organic matter and its effect on the soil nutrients contents of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations
YUWEN Ruinan1,,PAN Chang1,
GUO Jiahuan1,
FENG Huili1,
CHEN Jie2,
YU Yuanchun1,,
1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University / College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Jianyang Fanqiao State-owned Forest Farm, Nanping 354200, China
Funds:This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFD0600304) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
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Corresponding author:E-mail: ycyu@njfu.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:土壤有机质在森林生态系统中具有重要作用, 是估算土壤碳储量、评价土壤肥力和质量的重要指标。本文利用已发表文献中的数据, 从省域尺度上分析了杉木人工林土壤有机质的分布特征及其对土壤养分含量的影响, 为杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林可持续经营提供理论依据。本文以文献中广东、广西、湖南、江西、浙江、福建6省22个林场1092个研究数据为基础, 分析了我国杉木人工林主产区表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机质含量特征、对土壤类型和地形等的响应及其对土壤养分的影响。结果显示, 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质平均含量为(31.02±13.44) g·kg?1, 养分等级为中, 变异系数为43.33%, 属中等变异水平; 有效磷含量为(5.41±8.01) mg·kg?1, 养分等级为富, 属高度变异, 变异系数为148.06%; 全磷含量(0.49±0.38) g·kg?1, 养分等级为极贫, 变异系数为77.55%, 属中等变异。不同土壤类型有机质含量差异较大, 山地黄壤的含量最高, 为(46.63±16.88) g·kg?1, 暗红壤最低, 为(15.81±4.38) g·kg?1。林分密度、海拔、坡度和土壤pH是杉木人工林表土有机质含量变化的主要影响因素, 相对贡献量分别为?0.35、0.28、0.11和0.11。土壤有机质对全氮、有效氮、全钾、有效钾的贡献程度较高, 相对贡献量分别为0.17、0.47、0.16和0.21。结果表明: 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质的养分等级为中。从样本量占比区间来看, 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质分布等级较为集中, 主要分级表现出“多中下, 少富级, 无极贫”的分布特征。海拔、坡度和土壤pH对土壤有机质含量变化的影响表现出明显的正效应, 林分密度则为负效应; 土壤有机质对土壤全氮、有效氮、全钾、有效钾含量有较明显的正面促进作用, 对全磷具有微弱的负面影响。
关键词:杉木人工林/
土壤有机质/
土壤养分/
环境因子/
逐步回归分析/
结构方程模型
Abstract:Soil organic matter plays an important role in forest ecosystems and is an important index for estimating soil carbon storage and soil fertility and quality. In this study, the distribution of soil organic matter and its influence on soil nutrients were analyzed on a provincial scale and the impact of environmental factors on changes in the soil organic matter content of Chinese fir plantations (CFPs) was assessed to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of CFPs. Data from 1092 forest farms in six provinces of China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian) were used to characterize the distribution of soil organic matter and its effect on the soil nutrients in the topsoil (0–20 cm) in CFPs. The results showed that the average soil organic matter content of the CFPs was 31.02±13.44 g·kg?1, the nutrient grade was at a medium level, and the coefficient of variation was 43.33%, which represented a moderate variation level. The available phosphorus (AP) content was 5.41±8.01 mg·kg?1, the nutrient grade was rich, and the coefficient of variation was as high as 148.06%. The total phosphorus (TP) content was 0.49±0.38 g·kg?1, which was extremely poor, and the coefficient of variation was 77.55%, being moderately variable. The soil organic matter content of different soil types varied greatly. The content in mountain yellow soil was the highest (46.63±16.88 g·kg?1), and that in dark red soil was the lowest (15.81±4.38 g·kg?1). Stand density, elevation, slope, and soil pH were the main factors that affected the soil organic matter content in the topsoil of CFPs, with relative contributions of ?0.35, 0.28, 0.11, and 0.11, respectively. The contributions of soil organic matter to total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) were positive, with relative contributions of 0.17, 0.47, 0.16, and 0.21, respectively. However, soil organic matter contributes less to soil TP, with a relative contribution of ?0.09. In general, the nutrient grade of soil organic matter in the surface layer of CFPs was medium. The main grading performance was mainly characterized by moderate to inferior levels, and few rich levels and no extremely poor levels were observed. Altitude, slope, and soil pH had positive effects on soil organic matter, whereas stand density had a negative effect. Soil organic matter had a positive effect on soil TN, AN, TK, and AK and a weak negative effect on TP. The contribution of soil organic matter to TP was low; therefore, the lack of phosphorus in the soil may be the main factor limiting Chinese fir growth.
Key words:Chinese fir plantations/
Soil organic matter/
Soil nutrients/
Environmental factor/
Stepwise regression analysis/
Structural equation model
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图1杉木人工林表层土壤pH (a)与土壤有机质(SOM, b)含量样本分布
Figure1.Samples distribution of surface soil pH (a) and soil organic matter content (SOM, b) in Chinese fir plantations
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同省份(a, c)和不同土壤类型(b, d)杉木人工林表层土壤pH(a, b)与土壤有机质(SOM; c, d)含量分布特征
ZJ、JX、HN、GX、FJ和GD分别代表浙江省、江西省、湖南省、广西省、福建省和广东省; PS、MYS、MRS、YRS、RS、RYS、LRS和DRS分别代表紫壤、山地黄壤、山地红壤、黄红壤、红壤、红黄壤、赤红壤和暗红壤。ZJ, JX, HN, GX, FJ and GD represent Zhejiang Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Guangxi Province, Fujian Province and Guangdong Province, respectively. PS, MYS, MRS, YRS, RS, RYS, LRS and DRS represent purple soil, mountain yellow soil, mountain red soil, yellow-red soil, red soil, red-yellow soil, lateritic red soil and dark red soil, respectively.
Figure2.Distribution characteristics of pH (a, b) and soil organic matter content (SOM; c, d) in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations of different soil types (b, d) and different provinces (a, c)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3杉木人工林表层土壤有机质对土壤养分含量影响的结构方程模型图
模型左侧为环境影响因子[Altitude: 海拔, m; Density: 林分密度, 株·hm?2; Slope: 坡度, (°); MAT: 年平均温度, ℃; MAP: 平均降水量, mm; pH]; 模型右侧为土壤养分因子(TN: 全氮, g·kg?1; TP: 全磷, g·kg?1; TK: 全钾, g·kg?1; AN: 有效氮, mg·kg?1; AP: 有效磷, mg·kg?1; AK: 有效钾, mg·kg?1); 模型中部为土壤有机质(SOM, g·kg?1)。The left side of the model is the environmental impact factors [altitude, m; density, plant·hm?2; slope, (°); MAT: mean annual temperature,℃; MAP: mean annual precipitation, mm; pH]; the right side of the model is the soil nutrient factor (TN: total N, g·kg?1; TP: total P, g·kg?1; TK: total K, g·kg?1; AN: available N, mg·kg?1; AK: available K, mg·kg?1; AP: available P, mg·kg?1); the medium of the model is the soil organic matter (SOM, g·kg?1).
Figure3.Structural equation model for the effect of soil organic matter on soil nutrient content in Chinese fir plantations
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1杉木人工林试验地概况
Table1.General situation of experimental fields of Chinese fir plantations
| 省份 Province | 试验地 Experimental field | 土壤类型 Soil type | 年份 Year | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude |
| 广东 Guangdong | 天井山林场 Tianjingshan forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2011 | 113.0436E, 24.6919N |
| 梁化林场 Lianghua forest farm | 赤红壤 Lateritic red soil | 2014 | 114.7849E, 23.1966N | |
| 广西 Guangxi | 大桂山林场 Daguishan forest farm | 山地红壤 Mountain red soil | 2016 | 111.5358E, 24.4171N |
| 黄冕林场 Huangmian forest farm | 山地红壤 Mountain red soil | 2016 | 109.7645E, 24.4867N | |
| 林朵林场 Linduo forest farm | 山地红壤 Mountain red soil | 2016 | 107.1961E, 24.9829N | |
| 湖南 Hunan | 会同生态站 Huitong ecological station | 山地黄壤 Mountain yellow soil | 2011 | 109.6012E, 26.7922N |
| 黄丰桥林场 Huangfengqiao forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2012 | 113.4488,E 27.2308N | |
| 广坪林场 Guangping forest farm | 山地黄壤 Mountain yellow soil | 2006 | 109.6572E, 26.7572N | |
| 江西 Jiangxi | 山下林场 Shanxia forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2003 | 114.6650E, 27.7447N |
| 上村林场 Shangcun forest farm | 黄红壤 Yellow-red soil | 2003 | 115.8537E, 27.7600N | |
| 年珠林场 Nianzhu forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2003 | 114.5793E, 27.5785N | |
| 大岗山林场 Dagangshan forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2011 | 114.5814E, 27.5793N | |
| 浙江 Zhejiang | 丽水林场 Lishui forest farm | 红黄壤 Red-yellow soil | 2004 | 119.3744E, 27.8524N |
| 开化林场 Kaihua forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2018 | 118.4110E, 29.1459N | |
| 福建 Fujian | 莘口教学林场 Xinkou teaching forest farm | 山地红壤 Mountain red soil | 2017 | 117.5497E, 26.1678N |
| 宁化林场 Ninghua forest farm | 紫壤 Purple soil | 2017 | 116.6971E, 26.2389N | |
| 洋口林场 Yangkou forest farm | 山地红壤 Mountain red soil | 2017 | 117.9068E, 26.8177N | |
| 溪后林场 Xihou forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2007 | 117.9799E, 26.6352N | |
| 将乐林场 Jiangle forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2015 | 117.4771E, 26.7231N | |
| 旧县林场 Jiuxian forest farm | 红壤 Red soil | 2001 | 118.7429E, 27.5378N | |
| 溪东林场 Xidong forest farm | 暗红壤 Dark red soil | 2017 | 118.5982E, 27.0881N | |
| 溪后村林场 Xihou Village forest farm | 暗红壤 Dark red soil | 2015 | 117.9798E, 26.6389N |
下载: 导出CSV表2杉木人工林表层土壤有机质与养分含量的描述性统计
Table2.Descriptive statistics of soil organic matter and nutrients contents in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations
| 土壤性质 Soil property | 样本量 Samples | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) |
| 有机质 Organic matter (g?kg?1) | 84 | 8.14 | 74.79 | 31.02 | 13.44 | 43.33 |
| 全氮 Total N (g?kg?1) | 84 | 0.52 | 11.34 | 1.48 | 1.18 | 79.73 |
| 全磷 Total P (g?kg?1) | 84 | 0.10 | 3.31 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 77.55 |
| 全钾 Total K (g?kg?1) | 84 | 1.14 | 35.47 | 14.17 | 7.11 | 50.11 |
| 有效氮 Available N (mg?kg?1) | 84 | 25.80 | 464.62 | 120.29 | 61.68 | 51.28 |
| 有效磷 Available P (mg?kg?1) | 84 | 0.03 | 45.62 | 5.41 | 8.01 | 148.06 |
| 有效钾 Available K (mg?kg?1) | 84 | 3.30 | 154.64 | 52.13 | 33.44 | 64.15 |
| pH | 84 | 2.80 | 5.84 | 4.60 | 0.45 | 9.78 |
下载: 导出CSV表3杉木人工林表层土壤有机质与养分指标间的相关性
Table3.Correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrients in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations
| 变量 Variable | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 全氮 Total N | 全磷 Total P | 全钾 Total K | 有效氮 Available N | 有效磷 Available P | 有效钾 Available K |
| 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 1.000 | ||||||
| 全氮 Total N | 0.168 | 1.000 | |||||
| 全磷 Total P | ?0.084 | 0.301** | 1.000 | ||||
| 全钾 Total K | 0.160 | ?0.042 | ?0.281** | 1.000 | |||
| 有效氮 Available N | 0.462** | 0.305** | 0.245* | 0.077 | 1.000 | ||
| 有效磷 Available P | ?0.029 | ?0.009 | 0.504** | ?0.331** | 0.173 | 1.000 | |
| 有效钾 Available K | 0.210 | 0.429** | 0.175 | ?0.078 | 0.247* | ?0.070 | 1.000 |
| **表示在P<0.01水平上极显著相关, *表示在P<0.05水平上显著相关。样本数量为84。** and * indicate significant correlation at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels, respectively. The number of samples is 84. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同省份杉木人工林表层土壤有机质含量(Y)与土壤养分含量(X)的多因子及互作项逐步回归结果
Table4.Stepwise regression results of multiple factors and interactions of soil organic matter content (Y) and soil nutrients contents (X) in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations in different provinces
| 省份 Province | 拟合方程 Fitting equator | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination | 剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient |
| 广东 Guangdong | Y=52.016+101.111X1?1.118X4 | 0.9991 | 0.0299 |
| 福建 Fujian | Y=3.918+0.494X1X6?0.0519X5X6 | 0.9209 | 0.2812 |
| 广西 Guangxi | Y=3.948?0.570X3+18.086X1X5?0.072X2X6?0.203X5X6 | 1.0000 | 0.0001 |
| 湖南 Hunan | Y=81.848?1.330X5?5.071X2X3+0.309X2X6+0.033X5X6 | 0.9962 | 0.0618 |
| 江西 Jiangxi | Y=?2.433+29.916X1?0.4X6+8.463X2X5 | 0.8717 | 0.3581 |
| 浙江 Zhejiang | Y=?0.906+15.984X1+0.01X3X4 | 0.8378 | 0.4028 |
| 综合 Comprehensive | Y=29.848?2.729X1?2.134X5+0.105X2X3+0.234X3X5 | 1.0000 | 0.0018 |
| X1: 全氮; X2: 全磷; X3: 全钾; X4: 有效氮; X5: 有效磷; X6: 有效钾。X1: total N; X2: total P; X3: total K; X4: available N; X5: available P; X6: available K. | |||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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