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快速城镇化地区土地利用变化的地形梯度特征分析——以榆次区为例

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
陈学兄1, 2,,
张小军3,
韩伟宏4
1.山西农业大学资源环境学院 太谷 030801
2.山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心 太谷 030801
3.山西农业大学园艺学院 太谷 030801
4.山西农业大学经济管理学院(农业资源与经济研究所) 太原 030006
基金项目: 山西省高等学校科技创新项目2020L0136
山西省重点研发计划重点项目201703D211002-1-2
山西农业大学引进人才博士科研启动项目2014YJ02

详细信息
作者简介:陈学兄, 主要研究方向为"3S"技术及应用研究、基于GIS的水土流失评价研究。E-mail:chenxx0505@126.com
中图分类号:F301.24

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-03-26
录用日期:2020-07-25
刊出日期:2020-10-01

Land use change with topographic gradients in the Yuci District rapid urbanization area

CHEN Xuexiong1, 2,,
ZHANG Xiaojun3,
HAN Weihong4
1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
2. National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
3. College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
4. College of Economics & Management, Shanxi Agricultural University(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics), Taiyuan 030006, China
Funds: This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi2020L0136
The Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province201703D211002-1-2
The Introduced Talent Doctoral Research Project of Shanxi Agricultural University2014YJ02



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摘要
摘要:为探讨快速城镇化地区——山西省晋中市榆次区不同地形梯度上的土地利用变化特征，本研究以2000年、2008年和2016年3期影像和ASTER GDEM为数据源，分析2000—2016年间土地利用变化的时空特征，选用坡向、坡度变率、地形起伏度、地形位指数和土地利用类型分布指数对土地利用的地形梯度分布特征和变化过程进行分析。结果表明：1）2000—2016年，榆次区建设用地主要向西北方向扩张，主要分布在地形起伏度 < 30 m、坡度变率 < 2°、阳坡和半阳坡及地形位为1~3级的地区。土地利用以建设用地、耕地和未利用地为主，其中耕地所占面积最大，2000年、2008年和2016年的平均比例为46.91%。2000—2008年建设用地面积增加43.07 km2，未利用地面积减少37.33 km2；2008—2016年未利用地面积减少221.00 km2，而耕地面积和建设用地面积分别增加170.61 km2和37.36 km2。2）在坡度变率、地形起伏度和地形位梯度上，建设用地、耕地和水域主要分布于低梯度带，而林地和未利用地分布于中高梯度带；建设用地和耕地在平地、阳坡和半阳坡呈分布优势，林地在阴坡和半阴坡具有分布优势，而未利用地的优势分布区为阳坡和半阳坡；2000—2016年耕地的主要分布区向地形起伏度>30 m、坡度变率为2°~15°、地形位为4~11级的区域扩张。榆次区土地利用变化地形梯度差异明显，地形因素、人类活动、政策因素、交通和区位为其主导因素。该研究结果为区域城镇化过程中的土地合理规划利用提供科学依据，为生态环境治理提供决策支持。
关键词:土地利用变化/
地形梯度/
地形位指数/
分布指数/
榆次区
Abstract:The influence of topographic factors on land use change is significant for land use and cover change research. In order to explore the characteristics of land use change with different topographic gradients, in this study, ASTER GDEM data and remote sensing data of Yuci District in 2000, 2008, and 2016 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of land use change from 2000 to 2016. The distribution characteristics and varying development of each land use type with aspect gradient, slope change rate, landform relief, and terrain niche were analyzed. The results showed the following: 1) from 2000 to 2016, construction land expanded primarily to the northwest and was mainly distributed in areas with a landform relief less than 30 m, a slope change rate less than 2°, a sunny slope or semi-sunny slope, and a terrain niche grade area of 1-3. The land uses of Yuci District were mainly construction, crop land, and unused land, which accounted for more than 93% of the research area. The crop land area is the largest, accounting for an average 46.91% of total land area in 2000, 2008, and 2016. The land use change was characterized by a decrease in unused land area and an increase in crop and construction land areas. The construction land area increased by 43.07 km2, while the unused land area decreased by 37.33 km2 from 2000 to 2008. However, from 2008 to 2016, the unused land area decreased by 221.00 km2, while the crop and construction land areas increased by 170.61 km2 and 37.36 km2, respectively. 2) Construction land, crop land, and water were mainly distributed on low gradients of landform relief, slope change rate, and terrain niche. Conversely, forest land and unused land were mainly distributed on middle and high gradients of the three topographic factors. The construction land and crop land was predominantly distributed on flat land, with sunny or semi-sunny slopes, while forest land was predominantly distributed along shady and semi-shady slopes. The distribution of unused land was predominantly along sunny and semi-sunny slopes. From 2000 to 2016, the main distribution area of crop land gradually expanded to areas with a landform relief greater than 30 m, a slope change rate of 2°-15°, and a terrain niche of 4-7 grade area. There were evident differences in the topographic gradient of land use change as a result of topographic factors, human activity, policy factors, transportation, and location. Therefore, this study provides a scientific basis for rational planning and utilization of land in the process of regional urbanization and decision support for ecological environment management.
Key words:Land use change/
Topographic gradient/
Terrain niche index/
Distribution index/
Yuci District

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图12000—2016年榆次区土地利用现状图
Figure1.Land use changes in Yuci District from 2000 to 2016


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表1研究区不同地形因子分级、面积及面积百分比
Table1.Areas and area percentages of topographic factors in different classification groups in the study area of Yuci District
地形因子
Topographic factor		 分级
Classification		 面积
Area (km2)		 面积比例
Area proportion (%)
地形起伏度
Landform relief (m)		 0~30 541.55 41.37
30~70 477.91 36.50
> 70 289.73 22.13
坡度变率
Slope change rate (°)		 0~2 436.20 33.32
2~6 611.50 46.71
6~15 250.63 19.14
15~25 10.52 0.80
25~35 0.34 0.03
> 35 0.01 0.00
坡向
Aspect (°)		 平地Flat land (-1~0) 21.60 1.65
阴坡Shady slope (0~45, 315~360) 284.78 21.75
半阴坡Semi-shady slope (45~90, 270~315) 316.92 24.21
半阳坡Semi-sunny slope (90~135, 225~270) 330.11 25.21
阳坡Sunny slope (135~225) 355.79 27.18
地形位
Terrain niche		 低
Low		 1 0.56~0.71 54.18 32.80
2 0.71~0.87 179.13
3 0.87~1.03 196.13
4 1.03~1.18 167.14
中低
Mid-low		 5 1.18~1.34 142.25 42.46
6 1.34~1.50 128.50
7 1.50~1.65 118.00
中高
Mid-high		 8 1.65~1.81 111.01 23.54
9 1.81~1.97 95.05
10 1.97~2.12 67.10
11 2.12~2.28 35.03
高
High		 12 2.28~2.43 12.40 1.20
13 2.43~2.59 2.74
14 2.59~2.75 0.50
15 2.75~2.90 0.04


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表22000—2016年榆次区土地利用转移矩阵
Table2.Transfer matrix of land use types in Yuci District from 2000 to 2016 ?km2
转移矩阵
Transfer matrix		 2016年Year 2016 2000年合计
Sum in 2000		 2000年转移量
Transfer amount in 2000
建设用地
Construction land		 耕地
Crop land		 林地
Forest land		 水域
Water		 未利用地
Unused land
2000年
Year 2000		 建设用地Construction land 90.82 15.95 1.25 0.66 20.23 128.91 38.09
耕地Crop land 80.14 428.20 1.50 0.60 48.55 558.99 130.79
林地Forest land 0.58 10.86 64.28 0.10 3.25 79.07 14.79
水域Water 0.36 0.09 0.03 0.74 0.08 1.30 0.56
未利用地Unused land 37.44 271.94 20.69 0.37 210.49 540.93 330.44
2016年合计Sum in 2016 209.34 727.04 87.75 2.47 282.60 1 309.20
2016年增量Increment in 2016 118.52 298.84 23.47 1.73 72.11 514.67


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表32000—2016年榆次区土地利用变化情况
Table3.Land use change in Yuci District from 2000 to 2016
土地利用类型
Land use type		 2000年Year 2000 2008年Year 2008 2016年Year 2016 面积变化Area change (km2)
面积
Area (km2)		 比例
Proportion (%)		 面积
Area (km2)		 比例
Proportion (%)		 面积
Area (km2)		 比例
Proportion (%)		 2000-2008 2008-2016
建设用地Construction land 128.91 9.85 171.98 13.14 209.34 15.99 43.07 37.36
耕地Crop land 558.99 42.70 556.43 42.50 727.04 55.53 -2.56 170.61
林地Forest land 79.07 6.04 75.85 5.79 87.75 6.70 -3.22 11.90
水域Water 1.30 0.09 1.34 0.10 2.47 0.19 0.04 1.13
未利用地Unused land 540.93 41.32 503.60 38.47 282.60 21.59 -37.33 -221.00


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表42000—2016年榆次区土地利用类型的地形起伏度梯度差异
Table4.Landform relief gradient difference of land use types in Yuci District during 2000—2016
土地利用类型
Land use type		 年份
Year		 地形起伏度Landform relief (m)
0~30 30~70 >70 0~30 30~70 >70
面积、面积变化量Area, area change (km2) 分布指数Distribution index
建设用地
Construction land		 2000 98.74 26.37 3.79 1.88 0.54 0.14
2008 142.47 27.14 2.35 2.03 0.43 0.06
2016 161.97 40.62 6.72 1.89 0.52 0.15
2000—2008 43.73 0.77 -1.44
2008—2016 19.50 13.48 4.37
耕地
Crop land		 2000 369.80 158.58 30.50 1.61 0.76 0.23
2008 317.87 160.97 77.46 1.39 0.78 0.64
2016 316.63 273.15 137.08 1.06 1.02 0.86
2000—2008 -51.93 2.39 46.96
2008—2016 -1.24 112.18 59.62
林地
Forest land		 2000 0.12 16.95 61.96 0 0.58 3.56
2008 0.22 16.74 58.85 0.01 0.60 3.55
2016 1.02 20.26 66.44 0.03 0.62 3.44
2000—2008 0.10 -0.21 -3.11
2008—2016 0.80 3.52 7.59
水域
Water		 2000 0.28 0.44 0.33 0.54 0.91 1.14
2008 0.41 0.45 0.23 0.76 0.91 0.77
2016 1.13 0.74 0.31 1.12 0.81 0.57
2000—2008 0.13 0.01 -0.1
2008—2016 0.72 0.29 0.08
未利用地
Unused land		 2000 72.44 275.34 193.02 0.32 1.38 1.64
2008 80.40 272.37 150.70 0.39 1.46 1.36
2016 60.59 142.89 79.04 0.52 1.37 1.27
2000—2008 7.96 -2.97 -42.32
2008—2016 -19.81 -129.48 -71.66


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表52000—2016年榆次区土地利用类型的坡度变率梯度差异
Table5.Gradient difference of slope change rate of land use types in Yuci District during 2000—2016
土地利用类型
Land use type		 年份
Year		 坡度变率Slope change rate (°)
0~2 2~6 6~15 15~25 25~35 >35 0~2 2~6 6~15 15~25 25~35 >35
面积、面积变化量Area, area change (km2) 分布指数Distribution index
建设用地
Construction land		 2000 74.23 47.06 7.31 0.36 0.03 0.00 1.73 0.78 0.30 0.35 0.90 0.00
2008 103.11 60.83 7.42 0.54 0.06 0.00 1.80 0.78 0.23 0.39 1.34 0.00
2016 115.45 78.59 14.25 0.94 0.07 0.00 1.66 0.80 0.36 0.55 1.29 0.00
2000—2008 28.88 13.77 0.11 0.18 0.03 0.00
2008—2016 12.34 17.76 6.83 0.40 0.01 0.00
耕地
Crop land		 2000 248.62 245.22 61.78 3.42 0.17 0.00 1.34 0.94 0.57 0.75 1.17 0.00
2008 218.86 248.22 84.57 4.37 0.16 0.00 1.18 0.95 0.79 0.97 1.11 0.00
2016 244.42 346.81 129.83 5.51 0.15 0.00 1.01 1.02 0.93 0.94 0.80 0.00
2000—2008 -29.76 3 22.79 0.95 -0.01 0.00
2008—2016 25.56 98.59 45.26 1.14 -0.01 0.00
林地
Forest land		 2000 7.97 36.78 32.67 1.61 0.02 0.00 0.30 0.99 2.16 2.51 0.97 0.00
2008 7.67 35.42 31.16 1.51 0.02 0.00 0.30 1.00 2.15 2.46 1.02 0.00
2016 9.22 40.56 36.17 1.71 0.03 0.00 0.32 0.99 2.15 2.41 1.32 0.00
2000—2008 -0.3 -1.36 -1.51 -0.1 0.00 0.00
2008—2016 1.55 5.14 5.01 0.20 0.01 0.00
水域
Water		 2000 0.23 0.46 0.30 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.76 1.21 0.95 0.00 0.00
2008 0.34 0.51 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.81 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
2016 0.86 0.90 0.38 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.78 0.80 0.50 0.00 0.00
2000—2008 0.11 0.05 -0.11 -0.01 0.00 0.00
2008—2016 0.52 0.38 0.19 0.01 0.00 0.00
未利用地
Unused land		 2000 105.04 282.17 148.60 5.24 0.12 0.00 0.58 1.12 1.44 1.20 0.85 0.00
2008 105.77 266.22 127.11 4.20 0.10 0.00 0.63 1.13 1.32 1.03 0.77 0.00
2016 65.78 144.33 69.82 2.46 0.08 0.00 0.70 1.09 1.29 1.07 1.09 0.00
2000—2008 0.73 -15.95 -21.49 -1.04 -0.02 0.00
2008—2016 -39.99 -121.89 -57.29 -1.74 -0.02 0.00


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表62000—2016年榆次区土地利用类型的坡向梯度差异
Table6.Aspect gradient difference of land use types in Yuci District during 2000—2016
土地利用类型
Land use type		 年份
Year		 坡向Aspect
平地
Flat land		 阴坡
Shady slope		 半阴坡
Semi-shady slope		 半阳坡
Semi-sunny slope		 阳坡
Sunny slope		 平地
Flat land		 阴坡
Shady slope		 半阴坡
Semi-shady slope		 半阳坡
Semi-sunny slope		 阳坡
Sunny slope
面积、面积变化量Area, area change (km2) 分布指数Distribution index
建设用地
Construction land		 2000 3.68 24.07 31.00 34.87 35.35 1.76 0.75 0.99 1.07 1.01
2008 5.45 32.15 39.06 46.01 49.27 1.92 0.86 0.94 1.06 1.05
2016 6.21 39.93 48.06 55.11 59.99 1.80 0.88 0.95 1.05 1.05
2000—2008 1.77 8.08 8.06 11.14 13.92
2008—2016 0.76 7.78 9.00 9.10 10.72
耕地
Crop land		 2000 13.76 118.95 127.54 138.77 160.18 1.49 0.98 0.94 0.99 1.05
2008 12.25 121.86 128.34 137.72 156.02 1.33 1.01 0.95 0.98 1.03
2016 12.35 146.87 166.28 186.33 214.90 1.03 0.93 0.95 1.02 1.09
2000—2008 -1.51 2.91 0.80 -1.05 -4.16
2008—2016 0.10 25.01 37.94 48.61 58.88
林地
Forest land		 2000 0.40 31.79 28.23 12.98 5.67 0.31 1.85 1.48 0.65 0.26
2008 0.40 31.67 27.17 11.86 4.70 0.32 1.92 1.48 0.62 0.23
2016 0.47 38.27 30.70 13.00 5.27 0.32 2.01 1.45 0.59 0.22
2000—2008 0.00 -0.12 -1.06 -1.12 -0.97
2008—2016 0.07 6.60 3.53 1.14 0.57
水域
Water		 2000 0.01 0.18 0.33 0.24 0.25 0.47 0.64 1.05 0.73 0.71
2008 0.02 0.25 0.29 0.24 0.24 0.90 0.86 0.89 0.71 0.66
2016 0.04 0.45 0.55 0.53 0.57 0.98 0.84 0.92 0.85 0.85
2000—2008 0.01 0.07 -0.04 0.00 -0.01
2008—2016 0.02 0.20 0.26 0.29 0.33
未利用地
Unused land		 2000 3.91 109.84 129.83 143.24 154.35 0.44 0.93 0.99 1.05 1.05
2008 3.62 98.67 121.81 134.01 145.28 0.44 0.90 1.00 1.06 1.06
2016 2.68 59.09 71.09 74.86 74.78 0.57 0.96 1.04 1.05 0.97
2000—2008 -0.29 -11.17 -8.02 -9.23 -9.07
2008—2016 -0.94 -39.58 -50.72 -59.15 -70.50


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表72000—2016年榆次区土地利用类型的地形位梯度差异
Table7.Terrain niche gradient difference of land use types in Yuci District during 2000—2016
土地利用类型
Land use type		 年份
Year		 地形位Terrain niche
低
Low(1~3 level)		 中低
Mid-low (4~7 level)		 中高
Mid-high(8~11 level)		 高
High(12~15 level)		 低
Low(1~3 level)		 中低
Mid-low(4~7 level)		 中高
Mid-high(8~11 level)		 高
High(12~15 level)
面积、面积变化量Area, area change (km2) 分布指数Distribution index
建设用地
Construction land		 2000 81.78 41.35 5.57 0.18 1.93 0.75 0.18 0.12
2008 119.01 50.05 2.78 0.11 2.11 0.68 0.07 0.05
2016 133.91 67.02 8.22 0.14 1.95 0.75 0.17 0.06
2000—2008 37.23 8.70 -2.79 -0.07
2008—2016 14.90 16.97 5.44 0.03
耕地
Crop land		 2000 284.00 235.45 38.36 0.94 1.55 0.99 0.29 0.14
2008 243.76 224.11 83.01 5.28 1.34 0.95 0.63 0.79
2016 243.30 329.48 147.82 6.12 1.02 1.07 0.86 0.70
2000—2008 -40.24 -11.34 44.65 4.34
2008—2016 -0.46 105.37 64.81 0.84
林地
Forest land		 2000 0.35 12.81 57.91 7.92 0.01 0.38 3.11 8.35
2008 0.32 12.49 55.63 7.36 0.01 0.39 3.12 8.09
2016 0.98 14.85 64.07 7.78 0.03 0.40 3.10 7.39
2000—2008 -0.03 -0.32 -2.28 -0.56
2008—2016 0.66 2.36 8.44 0.42
水域
Water		 2000 0.27 0.51 0.21 0.01 0.63 0.92 0.69 0.64
2008 0.41 0.49 0.14 0.00 0.93 0.86 0.44 0.00
2016 1.00 0.87 0.24 0.01 1.23 0.83 0.41 0.34
2000—2008 0.14 -0.02 -0.07 -0.01
2008—2016 0.59 0.38 0.10 0.01
未利用地
Unused land		 2000 62.48 265.28 206.34 6.62 0.35 1.15 1.62 1.02
2008 65.37 268.28 166.81 2.92 0.40 1.25 1.41 0.48
2016 49.67 143.20 88.02 1.62 0.54 1.19 1.32 0.48
2000—2008 2.89 3.00 -39.53 -3.70
2008—2016 -15.70 -125.08 -78.79 -1.30


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