Effects of different forms and levels of N additions on soil potential net N mineralization rate in meadow steppe, Nei Mongol, China
Yang LI1,2, Xiao-Hui XU1,2, Wei SUN3, Yan SHEN1,4, Ting-Ting REN1,2, Jian-Hui HUANG1,2, Chang-Hui WANG,1,*1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China 4 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500703) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572452) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41573063)
Abstract Aims The increase of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition caused by global change and industrial and agricultural production has had an important impact on the structure and function of ecosystems. There are many forms in composition of atmospheric N deposition. However, it is not clear whether there are differences in the effects of N deposition forms on structure and function of the ecosystems. Here our objective was to characterize the effects of different forms and levels of N addition on soil net N mineralization potential of steppe ecosystem in the Nei Mongol. Methods A N addition experiment was carried out in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol using five different N fertilizers, including CO(NH2)2, NH4HCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, and slow-release urea separately since 2014. There were six N addition levels with 0 (N0), 2 (N2), 5 (N5), 10 (N10), 20 (N20) and 50 (N50) g·m -2·a -1. Fresh soil samples from all treatments were taken and all roots were removed in July 2016. Then these soil samples were incubated for 24 h at 25 °C with 60% field water capacity. The potential of net N mineralization and nitrification rates and the potential of soil microbial respiration (MR), soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and N (MBN) contents were measured, respectively. Important findings The results showed that: (1) different forms and levels of N addition significantly increased soil inorganic N content and potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates. The N20 treatment had the highest soil inorganic N content and net N mineralization rate, however the highest soil net nitrification rate was found under N50 treatment; (2) different forms and levels of N addition significantly increased MBC and MBN contents and decreased the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2). Lower N addition (N2) enhanced MR, but medium and higher N addition (N20, N50) restrained the MR; (3) different forms and levels of N addition significantly reduced the soil pH value, but significantly increased the available phosphorus content. No effects were found in soil water content, total phosphorus, total N and soil organic carbon contents, separately. The results verified that soil available N was the limited factor affecting plant productivity in meadow steppe in Nei Mongol steppe. No matter what type of N fertilizer can increase the activity of soil microorganism and the potential net N mineralization rate of the meadow steppe in this area. Keywords:nitrogen addition;potential net nitrogen mineralization;soil microbial activity;meadow steppe
PDF (1779KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 李阳, 徐小惠, 孙伟, 申颜, 任婷婷, 黄建辉, 王常慧. 不同形态和水平的氮添加对内蒙古草甸草原土壤净氮矿化潜力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(2): 174-184. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0245 LI Yang, XU Xiao-Hui, SUN Wei, SHEN Yan, REN Ting-Ting, HUANG Jian-Hui, WANG Chang-Hui. Effects of different forms and levels of N additions on soil potential net N mineralization rate in meadow steppe, Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(2): 174-184. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0245
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1氮添加形态和添加量对内蒙古草甸草原土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较, 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1Effects of nitrogen (N) addition forms and levels on soil physicochemical properties in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol (mean ± SD, n = 3). Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Table 1 表1 表1不同形态、不同水平氮添加双因素对内蒙古草甸草原土壤理化性质的主效应及其交互效应的方差分析(p值) Table 1Results (p-values) of two-way ANOVA on the effects of addition nitrogen forms, nitrogen levels and their interactions on soil physicochemical properties in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图2氮添加形态和添加量对内蒙古草甸草原土壤微生物碳(MBC)含量(A)、微生物氮(MBN)含量(B)和微生物碳氮比(MBC:MBN)(C)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。AU, 尿素(CO(NH2)2); AS, 硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4); AN, 硝酸铵(NH4NO3); AC, 碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3); AR, 缓释尿素。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较, 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 2Effects of nitrogen (N) addition forms and levels on soil microbial carbon (MBC) content (A), microbial nitrogen (MBN) content (B) and their ratio (MBC:MBN)(C)(means ± SD, n = 3). AU, CO(NH2)2; AS, (NH4)2SO4; AN, NH4NO3; AC, NH4HCO3; AR, slow-release urea. Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Table 2 表2 表2不同形态、不同水平氮添加双因素对内蒙古草甸草原土壤微生物活性的主效应及其交互效应的方差分析(p值) Table 2Results (p-values) of two-way ANOVA on the effects of addition nitrogen forms, nitrogen levels and their interactions on soil microbial activity in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图3氮添加形态和数量对培养24 h期间内蒙古草甸草原土壤微生物呼吸的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。AU, 尿素(CO(NH2)2); AS, 硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4); AN, 硝酸铵(NH4NO3); AC, 碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3); AR, 缓释尿素。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3Effects of nitrogen (N) addition forms and levels on soil microbial respiration in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol during 24 hours incubation (means ± SD, n = 3). AU, CO(NH2)2; AS, (NH4)2SO4; AN, NH4NO3; AC, NH4HCO3; AR, slow-release urea. Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Table 4 表4 表4氮添加形态和数量对内蒙古草甸草原土壤微生物呼吸熵的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3) Table 4Effects of nitrogen (N) addition forms and levels on soil microbial metabolic quotient in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol (mean ± SD, n = 3)
氮添加水平 N addition level (g·m-2)
AU
AS
AN
AC
AR
0
1.58 ± 0.40b
2.70 ± 0.33ab
7.43 ± 4.31a
1.72 ± 0.37b
3.80 ± 3.48ab
2
1.21 ± 2.11b
1.79 ± 0.08c
3.72 ± 1.06ab
1.28 ± 0.43c
4.87 ± 0.87a
5
1.69 ± 0.30a
2.93 ± 2.60a
2.14 ± 1.01a
2.65 ± 2.26a
3.29 ± 1.24a
10
1.26 ± 0.74ab
0.58 ± 0.15b
0.62 ± 0.47b
1.71 ± 0.42ab
3.53 ± 2.87a
20
2.98 ± 0.51a
0.26 ± 0.04c
0.09 ± 0.03c
0.94 ± 0.87b
0.18 ± 0.15c
50
0.16 ± 0.14b
0.06 ± 0.04b
0.13 ± 0.01b
1.31 ± 0.57ab
4.28 ± 3.91a
AU, CO(NH2)2; AS, (NH4)2SO4; AN, NH4NO3; AC, NH4HCO3; AR, slow-release urea. Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). AU, 尿素(CO(NH2)2); AS, 硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4); AN, 硝酸铵(NH4NO3); AC, 碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3); AR, 缓释尿素。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图4氮添加形态和数量对内蒙古草甸草原土壤硝态氮(A)、铵态氮(B)和总无机氮库(C)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。AU, 尿素(CO(NH2)2); AS, 硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4); AN, 硝酸铵(NH4NO3); AC, 碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3); AR, 缓释尿素。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 4Effects of nitrogen (N) addition forms and levels on soil nitrate (A), ammonium (B) and total inorganic N (C) pools in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol (mean ± SD, n = 3). AU, CO(NH2)2; AS, (NH4)2SO4; AN, NH4NO3; AC, NH4HCO3; AR, slow-release urea. Aamm, accumulation of ammonium nitrogen; Anit, accumulation of nitrate nitrogen; Amin, accumulation of nitrogen mineralization. Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Table 3 表3 表3不同形态、不同水平氮添加双因素对内蒙古草甸草原土壤氮矿化的主效应及其交互效应的方差分析(p值) Table 3Results (p-values) of two-way ANOVA on the effects of addition nitrogen forms, nitrogen levels and their interactions on soil nitrogen mineralization in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol
Aamm
Anit
Amin
Rmin
Rnit
d.f.
F
p
d.f.
F
p
d.f.
F
p
d.f.
F
p
d.f.
F
p
氮形态 N form (F)
4
4.49
0.003
4
4.08
0.005
4
4.00
0.006
4
4.00
0.006
4
4.08
0.005
氮水平 N level (L)
5
77.23
<0.001
5
16.13
<0.001
5
64.80
<0.001
5
64.80
<0.001
5
16.13
<0.001
F × L
20
7.10
<0.001
20
2.46
0.004
20
6.89
<0.001
20
6.89
<0.001
20
2.46
0.004
Aamm, accumulation of ammonium nitrogen; Anit, accumulation of nitrate nitrogen; Amin, accumulation of nitrogen mineralization; Rmin, net nitrogen mineralization rate; Rnit, net nitrification rate. Aamm, 铵态氮累积量; Anit, 硝态氮累积量; Amin, 氮矿化累积量; Rmin, 净氮矿化速率; Rnit, 净硝化速率。
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图5氮添加形态和两对内蒙古草甸草原土壤净氮矿化(A)和净硝化速率(B)潜力的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。AU, 尿素(CO(NH2)2); AS, 硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4); AN, 硝酸铵(NH4NO3); AC, 碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3); AR, 缓释尿素。只进行同一氮添加量不同氮形态的多重比较。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 5Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil potential net N mineralization (Rmin)(A) and nitrification (Rnit)(B) rates in the meadow steppe in Nei Mongol (mean ± SD, n = 3). AU, CO(NH2)2; AS, (NH4)2SO4; AN, NH4NO3; AC, NH4HCO3; AR, slow-release urea. Comparison was performed with different N forms within the same N level. Different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
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Nonlinear responses to nitrogen and strong interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus additions drastically alter the structure and function of a high arctic ecosystem 1 2008
... 陆地生态系统的结构与功能和氮沉降之间的反馈机制, 是当前陆地生态系统氮循环研究的重点之一(吕超群等, 2007).外源氮输入可以缓解陆地生态系统氮匮乏的现状(Zhang et al., 2015), 但是当氮累积达到一定量时, 会出现氮饱和效应, 生态系统会由氮限制转为其他养分限制, 如磷限制(Arens et al., 2008).另外长期的氮沉降会使得土壤酸化(Zhang et al., 2014), 影响土壤微生物群落的结构和功能, 进一步影响生态系统的可持续和健康发展. ...
Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils: Determination of kC values and tests of hypotheses to explain the failure of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in acid soils. 1 1987
Nitrogen mineralisation, immobilisation and loss, and their role in determining differences in net nitrogen production during waterlogged and aerobic incubation of soils 1 2001