Distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil salinity at Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert
DONG Zheng-Wu1,2, ZHAO Ying,1,*, LEI Jia-Qiang1, XI Yin-Qiao11 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China 2 College of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi 830054, China
Abstract Aims The Tamarix cone is a coppice dune, which is a specific bio-geographical phenomenon in the Taklimakan Desert, helpful for stabilizing and maintaining the structure and function of desert ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the soil salinity of Tamarix cones at different sites. MethodsTamarix cones were selected to investigate the spatial variations of soil salinity. Soil samples (0- 500 cm) were collected for soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), HCO3-, Cl -, SO42-, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K + and Na + content analysis. Important findings 1) From Qiemo to Aral, Qira and Tazhong, soil pH generally increased, soil litter content decreased first and then increased, soil electrical conductivity (EC), Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and SO42- content decreased, and K +、Cl -、HCO3-content had no obvious change. 2) For the distribution layer, salt accumulation in the upper soil was significant within the Qiemo and Qira of Tamarix cones, and within the Aral and Tazhong, there was a significant pattern of salt accumulation along the soil profile. However, with increasing soil depth, soil pH generally increased and soil litter content decreased, soil EC at Qiemo and Qira generally decreased, and soil EC content showed the trend of decrease-increase-decrease at Aral, and the trend of increase-decrease-increase at Tazhong. 3) Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that soil litter content, SO42-, K + and Na + content mainly affected soil salt content at Qiemo, where soil salt was mainly composed of sulfate. The major ion was Cl -, Na +at Aral, Cl -, Na + and K +at Qira, and Cl -, Na +, Ca + and SO42-at Tazhong. Therefore, soil salinity at Tamarix cones had an obvious spatial variability among different habitats. Soil salinity variation at Tamarix cones were closely related to the intensive evaporation, wind erosion, groundwater depth, litter content and the salinity of Tamarix chinensis, which was the key factor affecting the distribution of soil salinity at different sites. Keywords：Tamarix cone;different sites;soil salinity;principal component analysis;Taklimakan Desert
PDF (8854KB)摘要页面多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 董正武, 赵英, 雷加强, 喜银巧. 塔克拉玛干沙漠不同区域柽柳沙包土壤盐分分布特征及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(8): 873-884 doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060 DONG Zheng-Wu, ZHAO Ying, LEI Jia-Qiang, XI Yin-Qiao. Distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil salinity at Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(8): 873-884 doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0060
*, correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed); **, correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). *, 在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关; **, 在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。
DongXW, ZhangXK, BaoXL, WangJK ( 2009). Spatial distribution of soil nutrients after the establishment of sand-fixing shrubs on sand dune Plant Soil and Environment, 55, 288-294. DOI:10.1007/s11104-009-9996-yURL [本文引用: 1] Caragana microphylla Lam., an indigenous leguminous shrub, was the dominant plant species to be used to control desertification in semi-arid Horqin Sandy Land. To elucidate the cover effect of Caragana microphylla planted for 25 years on spatial distribution of soil nutrients including C, N, P and K, soil samples were taken from four soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm) and thr...
FanJL, JinXJ, LeiJQ, XuXW, ZhouHW ( 2013). Responses of ground water level to pumping water of the Tarim Desert highway shelterbelt project Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(2), 114-119. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2013.02.021URL [本文引用: 3] In order to clarify the change process of groundwater level in process of single wells withdrawing water in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert, and providing theoretical basis for sustainable water supply, the change of water level was observed in the pumping process at Tarim Desert Highway Shelter-forest Ecological Project No. 69 well. Using these experimental data, several hydrogeological parameters of aquifer were determined by empirical Formula. The Law of Temporal and Spatial Variation in the process of pumping water can be demonstrated by experimental data analysis. The result shows that: The calculated permeability coefficient was 13.32 m, influenced radius was 332.04 m, and specific yield was 5.08%. In the two stress periods of pumping water, groundwater level of rapid decline and rapid rise can be completed at the beginning of its 11 minutes during Pumping. Groundwater level changes to the slow phase after 11 minutes. The water level could be restored to the level before pumping, and, the continuous decline of the natural underground water level was not found. [ 范敬龙, 金小军, 雷加强, 徐新文, 周宏伟 ( 2013). 塔里木沙漠公路防护林工程抽水的地下水位响应 中国农学通报, 29(2), 114-119.] DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2013.02.021URL [本文引用: 3] In order to clarify the change process of groundwater level in process of single wells withdrawing water in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert, and providing theoretical basis for sustainable water supply, the change of water level was observed in the pumping process at Tarim Desert Highway Shelter-forest Ecological Project No. 69 well. Using these experimental data, several hydrogeological parameters of aquifer were determined by empirical Formula. The Law of Temporal and Spatial Variation in the process of pumping water can be demonstrated by experimental data analysis. The result shows that: The calculated permeability coefficient was 13.32 m, influenced radius was 332.04 m, and specific yield was 5.08%. In the two stress periods of pumping water, groundwater level of rapid decline and rapid rise can be completed at the beginning of its 11 minutes during Pumping. Groundwater level changes to the slow phase after 11 minutes. The water level could be restored to the level before pumping, and, the continuous decline of the natural underground water level was not found.
FarrellC, SzotaC, HobbsRJ, ColmerTD ( 2011). Microsite and litter cover effects on soil conditions and seedling recruitment in a saline agricultural system Plant and Soil, 348, 397-409. DOI:10.1007/s11104-011-0850-7URL [本文引用: 1] Successful revegetation of saline land is dependent on seedling recruitment to maintain vegetative cover for lowering of saline water tables and agricultural production. This paper examines seasonal effects of tree/shrub microsites and leaf-litter on soil conditions and seedling recruitment in a saline grazing system planted with Eucalyptus sargentii Maiden tree rows (15 years old) and saltbush (Atriplex spp.) inter-rows (8 years old). Salt bush rows were also slightly mounded. As litter accumulation decreases with increased distance from tree rows, soil conditions and seedling recruitment were compared between paired bare and litter-covered zones within three microsites: tree row, saltbush row 1 (saltbush row closest, viz. 3 4 m, to tree row) and saltbush mid-row (middle row of saltbush between adjacent tree rows, viz. 7 9 m from trees). Microsite facilitation in winter was negligible due to moderate temperatures and high water availability. However, in warmer months, saltbush mid-row microsites were most favourable for recruitment. Tree microsites inhibited recruitment through increased salinity, water repellency and potential root competition. Despite negative interactions within the tree row, trees indirectly facilitated recruitment through litter provision in saltbush rows. Overall, litter increased seedling densities through amelioration of soil temperatures and salinity. Litter reduced salinity (top 2 cm) in warmer months, from 'severe' where only halophytes survive, to 'moderate' where growth of non-halophytic species is possible, but at reduced rates. Recruitment was influenced by microsite characteristics including, litter quantities, mounding and row position.
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LadenburgerCG, HildAL, KazmerDJ ( 2006). Soil salitypatterns in Tamarix invasions in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA Journal of Arid Environments, 65, 111-128. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.07.004URL [本文引用: 1] Saltcedar ( Tamarix spp.) is an exotic, invasive shrub of riparian corridors in the western United States that can promote soil salinization via leaf exudates as Tamarix litter accumulates on the soil surface. Tamarix stands occur in association with big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata), greasewood ( Sarcobatus vermiculatus), and cottonwood ( Populus deltoides) in northern Wyoming, depending on topographic position. Revegetation of Tamarix-invaded sites can be limited by altered soil conditions. Tamarix stands in northcentral Wyoming were selected to determine the relationship of Tamarix shrubs and associated vegetation to soil salinity, pH, and nutrients. In general, salinity of surface soils (0–5 cm) was greater and pH was lower than in deeper soils. Surface soils (0–5 cm) beneath Tamarix have greater salinity and lower pH than soil in interspaces. Because soil salinity in the Bighorn Basin is lower than levels documented in most Tamarix stands of the southwestern United States, many species used for revegetation should tolerate soil conditions here following Tamarix control.
LeiJY, BanNR, ZhangYH, WangCJ ( 2011). Effects and partition characteristics of Tamarix ramosissima on nutrients and salt of saline-alkali soils Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 31, 73-76. URL [本文引用: 1] 为了研究柽柳对盐碱土的生物改良作用及其有效作用范围,通过大田对比试验,以盐碱荒地为对照,分析了柽柳对土壤养分、全盐及盐分离子的影响及其区化特征。结果表明,柽柳能够提高盐碱地土壤养分,降低pH值、全盐及盐分离子含量。与对照相比,表层0—20cm土壤有机质增加了30.5%,碱解氮增加了48.9%,速效磷增加了51.4%;底层20—50cm土壤3者分别增加了78.8%,21.3%,25.0%;表层土壤pH值降低0.3个单位,但是底层20—50cm土壤pH值增加了0.4个单位;表层和底层脱盐率分别达到86.4%和88.2%,碱化度分别降低了75.4%和53.8%;柽柳对土壤盐分离子表现出选择吸收性,Na＋和Cl-降幅高于Ca2＋,Mg2＋,K＋,SO24-。柽柳在深度0—25cm,距离树干0—15cm范围内,形成＂低盐、低pH值、高有机质＂的优化区域。确定合理的柽柳配置方案,充分发挥其生物和非生物功能,是土壤理化性质向良性循环方向发展的关键。 [ 雷金银, 班乃荣, 张永宏, 王长军 ( 2011). 柽柳对盐碱土养分与盐分的影响及其区化特征 水土保持通报, 31, 73-76.] URL [本文引用: 1] 为了研究柽柳对盐碱土的生物改良作用及其有效作用范围,通过大田对比试验,以盐碱荒地为对照,分析了柽柳对土壤养分、全盐及盐分离子的影响及其区化特征。结果表明,柽柳能够提高盐碱地土壤养分,降低pH值、全盐及盐分离子含量。与对照相比,表层0—20cm土壤有机质增加了30.5%,碱解氮增加了48.9%,速效磷增加了51.4%;底层20—50cm土壤3者分别增加了78.8%,21.3%,25.0%;表层土壤pH值降低0.3个单位,但是底层20—50cm土壤pH值增加了0.4个单位;表层和底层脱盐率分别达到86.4%和88.2%,碱化度分别降低了75.4%和53.8%;柽柳对土壤盐分离子表现出选择吸收性,Na＋和Cl-降幅高于Ca2＋,Mg2＋,K＋,SO24-。柽柳在深度0—25cm,距离树干0—15cm范围内,形成＂低盐、低pH值、高有机质＂的优化区域。确定合理的柽柳配置方案,充分发挥其生物和非生物功能,是土壤理化性质向良性循环方向发展的关键。
LeiZD, YangSX, XieSC ( 1998). Soil Water Dynamics. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing. [本文引用: 1]
LiuGM, YangJS, LiDS ( 2002). Evaporation regularity and its relationship with soil salinity Acta Pedologica Sinica, 39, 384-389. DOI:10.11766/trxb200101250313URL [本文引用: 1] With a one year indoor silt loam column simulation experiment, regularity of evaporation of groundwater under different groundwater conditions was studied, and so was the relationship between soil electric conductivity (of 0~40cm layer) and total amount of evaporation.The results showed that even under different groundwater conditions total amount of evaporation was in linear relationship with duration of the experiment, that the lower the mineralization of the groundwater was, the more sensitively related the cumulat ive amount of evaporation was to variation of the mineralization of the groundwater, and that the deeper the groundwater table was, the more sensitively related the cumulative amount of evaporation was to variation of the depth of groundwater table.The relationship of total amount of evaporat ion with groundwater table as well as groundwater salinity was thus set up.After mineralized groundwater influenced 0~40cm layer soil, soil electric conductivity there was logarithmic to total amount of evaporation when the groundwater table was at 85cm or 105cm, but exponential when the groundwater table was at 155cm. [ 刘广明, 杨劲松, 李冬顺 ( 2002). 地下水蒸发规律及其与土壤盐分的关系 土壤学报, 9, 384-389.] DOI:10.11766/trxb200101250313URL [本文引用: 1] With a one year indoor silt loam column simulation experiment, regularity of evaporation of groundwater under different groundwater conditions was studied, and so was the relationship between soil electric conductivity (of 0~40cm layer) and total amount of evaporation.The results showed that even under different groundwater conditions total amount of evaporation was in linear relationship with duration of the experiment, that the lower the mineralization of the groundwater was, the more sensitively related the cumulat ive amount of evaporation was to variation of the mineralization of the groundwater, and that the deeper the groundwater table was, the more sensitively related the cumulative amount of evaporation was to variation of the depth of groundwater table.The relationship of total amount of evaporat ion with groundwater table as well as groundwater salinity was thus set up.After mineralized groundwater influenced 0~40cm layer soil, soil electric conductivity there was logarithmic to total amount of evaporation when the groundwater table was at 85cm or 105cm, but exponential when the groundwater table was at 155cm.
LiuJH, WangXQ, MaY, TanFZ ( 2016). Spatial variation of soil salinity on Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas and interdune in oasis-desert ecotone Journal of Desert Research, 36, 181-189. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00165URL [本文引用: 5] In this study four kinds of typical plots, with vegetation cover of 30%, 15%-20%, 10% and , Na, K, SO, Ca, Mg, CO and HCO content from the perspective of Aeolian landform. Results showed that: (1) With the decrease of vegetation cover from plot 1 to plot 4 soil pH, and total salinity, Cl, K and Na content increased firstly and then decreased in 0-10 cm layer. The maximum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 30%, the minimum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, while the maximum values of HCO content mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, and there is no obvious change of Mg content. (2) Total salinity, Cl, Na, K, SO, Ca and Mg content decreased firstly and then increased from the Under shrub to the Margin of nebkha to the Interdune to the Leeward shadow. However, soil pH and HCO content increased firstly and then decreased and there was a moderate correlation between soil pH and HCO content (=0.644).The maximum values mainly distribute in the ground of Under shrub, while the minimum values mainly distribute in the Interdune. (3) Compared with 0-10 cm soil layer, there was a significant raise of Total salinity, Cl, Na and K content in 10-20 cm soil layer. However, there was a reduction of SO, Ca and HCO content and no obvious change of soil pH. With the decrease of vegetation coverage, the various change of soil salinity content in the two soil layers had a consistent trend. (4) The transpiration, recretion and selective absorption of root of T. ramosissima and soil evaporation make obvious soil salinity enrichment effects around the area of Nebkha. However, with the decrease of the total vegetation cover and the increase of desertification intensity, the non-biological factor of wind erosion begin to play a leading role, and soil salinity enrichment effects of shrubs tend to diminish and disappear gradually. [ 刘进辉, 王雪芹, 马洋, 谭凤翥 ( 2016). 绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统土壤盐分含量特征 中国沙漠, 36, 181-189.] DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00165URL [本文引用: 5] In this study four kinds of typical plots, with vegetation cover of 30%, 15%-20%, 10% and , Na, K, SO, Ca, Mg, CO and HCO content from the perspective of Aeolian landform. Results showed that: (1) With the decrease of vegetation cover from plot 1 to plot 4 soil pH, and total salinity, Cl, K and Na content increased firstly and then decreased in 0-10 cm layer. The maximum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 30%, the minimum values mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, while the maximum values of HCO content mainly distribute in the plot that the vegetation cover is 15%-20%, and there is no obvious change of Mg content. (2) Total salinity, Cl, Na, K, SO, Ca and Mg content decreased firstly and then increased from the Under shrub to the Margin of nebkha to the Interdune to the Leeward shadow. However, soil pH and HCO content increased firstly and then decreased and there was a moderate correlation between soil pH and HCO content (=0.644).The maximum values mainly distribute in the ground of Under shrub, while the minimum values mainly distribute in the Interdune. (3) Compared with 0-10 cm soil layer, there was a significant raise of Total salinity, Cl, Na and K content in 10-20 cm soil layer. However, there was a reduction of SO, Ca and HCO content and no obvious change of soil pH. With the decrease of vegetation coverage, the various change of soil salinity content in the two soil layers had a consistent trend. (4) The transpiration, recretion and selective absorption of root of T. ramosissima and soil evaporation make obvious soil salinity enrichment effects around the area of Nebkha. However, with the decrease of the total vegetation cover and the increase of desertification intensity, the non-biological factor of wind erosion begin to play a leading role, and soil salinity enrichment effects of shrubs tend to diminish and disappear gradually.
MuGJ ( 1994). The environmental significance of vegetation cones of the Taklimakan Desert, China Arid Zone Reaearch, 11(1), 34-41. URL [本文引用: 1] 对灌草丘的发育条件及沉积特征的研究表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的灌草丘形成在绿洲受风沙入浸，由水沉积转为风沙沉积过程中，气候变化对灌草丘的发育未产生重要影响，但流水在其中起了决定性作用。灌草丘开始发育之后，可以依某一速率持续增长，也可能被埋没主要是风沙流，或被侵蚀夷平，但部分灌草丘在沙漠的发展过程中保存达数千年之久。有限的测年数据及地表景观显示灌草丘发育的阶段性，实际上也是沙漠发展的阶段性。 [ 穆桂金 ( 1994). 塔克拉玛干沙漠灌草丘的发育特征及环境意义 干旱区研究, 11(1), 34-41.] URL [本文引用: 1] 对灌草丘的发育条件及沉积特征的研究表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的灌草丘形成在绿洲受风沙入浸，由水沉积转为风沙沉积过程中，气候变化对灌草丘的发育未产生重要影响，但流水在其中起了决定性作用。灌草丘开始发育之后，可以依某一速率持续增长，也可能被埋没主要是风沙流，或被侵蚀夷平，但部分灌草丘在沙漠的发展过程中保存达数千年之久。有限的测年数据及地表景观显示灌草丘发育的阶段性，实际上也是沙漠发展的阶段性。
MuhtarQ, HirokiT, MijitH ( 2002). Formation and internal structure of Tamarix cones in the Taklimakan Desert Journal of Arid Environments, 50, 81-97. DOI:10.1006/jare.2001.0829URL [本文引用: 2] The distribution, formative process, and internal structures of Tamarix cones located in the southern part of the Taklimakan Desert were investigated over 3 years (from 1993 to 1995). Typical dunes were excavated in order to observe the internal structures of Tamarix cones. The main results obtained can be summarized as follows:•cones have developed on piedmont alluvial fans, low river terraces, and areas between oases and moving sand dunes;•The climate of the study area is extremely arid, with a windy season from March to July. During the windy season, sand materials are transported by the frequent storms and accumulated around the spp. clumps, resulting in a sand layer. In the autumn, the vegetation like spp. drops leaves that form a litter layer overlaying the sand layer. There are many sticky nodules along the leaves of spp., so fallen leaves stick together and form a cohesive litter layer. As a result, a sand layer and a litter layer form alternately once a year. If this process continues, for several years, a cone can be formed and developed;•The excavated cross-sections of cones are composed of alternating sand layers and litter layers. The thickness of both layers differ within the cross section. Layers are thicker in the central part around the trunk of the bush than in the outer part;•In the upper part of the cross section, the organic materials of the layers are very fresh, but they are decomposed in the lower parts due to the increased moisture content and the load of overlaying layers.
OhrtmanMK, SherAA, LairKD ( 2012). Quantifying soil salinity in areas invaded by Tamarix spp Journal of Arid Environments, 85, 114-121. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.04.011URL [本文引用: 1] Elevated soil salinity is often associated with Tamarix invasion; however, it's unclear whether soils are more saline because of Tamarix or other environmental factors. Surface soil salinity was investigated along a flow-regulated, arid river with dense Tamarix of varying age to determine which factors best explain soil salinity. Flooding was the most important predictor, reducing salinity by nearly 70%. Soils under Tamarix had lower salinity than adjacent areas without woody cover in non-flooded areas suggesting that evaporation in arid environments may contribute more surface salts than Tamarix or may exacerbate plant inputs. Under most conditions, higher salinities were found under Tamarix than natives. An exception to this pattern was that soils under the smallest trees were more saline for natives. Relationships between soil salinity and stem size suggest that salts increase over time under Tamarix unless they are removed by flooding. However, the most mature stands had lower salinity than expected, reflecting some additional mechanism. Soil texture and distance from the river were important, but interacted strongly with other factors. The observed relationships between surface soil salinity and Tamarix stem size, a predictor of aboveground age, suggest Tamarix plays an active role in floodplain salinization within the sampled area.
SchlesingerWH, RaikesJA, HartleyAE ( 1996). On the spatial patterns of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems Ecology, 77, 364-374. DOI:10.2307/2265615URL [本文引用: 1] We examined the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems of the southwestern United States to test the hypothesis that the invasion of semiarid grasslands by desert shrubs is associated with the development of "islands of fertility" under shrubs. In grasslands of the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, 35-76% of the variation in soil N was found at distances <20 cm, which may be due to local accumulations of soil N under Bouteloua eriopoda, a perennial bunchgrass. The remaining variance is found over distances extending to 7 m, which is unlikely to be related to nutrient cycling by grasses. In adjacent shrublands, in which Larrea tridentata has replaced these grasses over the last century, soil N is more concentrated under shrubs and autocorrelated over distances extending 1.0-3.0 m, similar to mean shrub size and reflecting local nutrient cycling by shrubs. A similar pattern was seen in the shrublands of the Mojave Desert of California. Soil PO_4, Cl, SO_4, and K also accumulate under desert shrubs, whereas Rb, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, and Sr are usually more concentrated in the intershrub spaces. Changes in the distribution of soil properties may be a useful index of desertification in arid and semiarid grasslands worldwide.
SunLK, LiuWQ, ChenT, LiuGX ( 2016). Review on mechanism of habitat adaptability and resource value of Tamarix species Journal of Desert Research, 36, 349-356. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00213URL [本文引用: 1] 柽柳属(Tamarix)植物起源于第三纪古地中海地区,具有耐盐碱、抗干旱和抗沙埋等特点,适应性强,是沙荒地和盐碱地的建群种.从植物生理生态和分子机理上阐述了柽柳属植物适应广泛生境的机制,包括种群特征、个体形态结构、种子繁殖特性、群体遗传结构以及植株在干旱和盐碱胁迫下生理生化和分子响应等,综述了其在生态和药用方面的价值,并提出可深入研究的问题和方向. [ 孙丽坤, 刘万秋, 陈拓, 刘光琇 ( 2016). 柽柳属(Tamarix)植物生境适应机制与资源价值研究进展 中国沙漠, 36, 349-356.] DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00213URL [本文引用: 1] 柽柳属(Tamarix)植物起源于第三纪古地中海地区,具有耐盐碱、抗干旱和抗沙埋等特点,适应性强,是沙荒地和盐碱地的建群种.从植物生理生态和分子机理上阐述了柽柳属植物适应广泛生境的机制,包括种群特征、个体形态结构、种子繁殖特性、群体遗传结构以及植株在干旱和盐碱胁迫下生理生化和分子响应等,综述了其在生态和药用方面的价值,并提出可深入研究的问题和方向.
TitusJH, NowakRS, SmithSD ( 2002). Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert Journal of Arid Environments, 52, 269-292. DOI:10.1006/jare.2002.1010URL [本文引用: 1] Heterogeneity of soil resources was investigated in the Mojave Desert to better understand spatial variability of soil attributes in a soil) except for soil. Wash and interspace soils lacked spores but had mycorrhizal inoculum potential values similar to the other microsites, indicating that mycorrhizal propagules were present. Thus, the presence of perennial shrubs strongly influenced microsite soil characteristics and resulted in higher nutrient levels. Small mammal burrows further enhanced the mineral nutrient content of soils. In addition, all soil characteristics except for spore density differed among the three sites across the bajada, and interactions between microsite and site were common. Clearly, soil resources for plants are spatially heterogeneous in this desert ecosystem and differ greatly between adjacent micro- and macrosites in thisL. tridentata . dumosa community.
XiJB, ZhangFS, ChenY, MaoDR, YinCH, TianCY ( 2004). A preliminary study on salt contents of soil in root-canopy area of halophytes Journal of Applied Ecology, 15, 53-58. URL [本文引用: 1] The results showed that among the 27 sampling sites, the salt content in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes increased at 7 sites and decreased at 20 sites. The variation of soil salt content in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was related to the growth status of the plants. The salt content in rhizosphere decreased a little at the early stage of plant development, but that in RUE micro-area tended to increase and accumulated most quickly at the site of the canopy edge soil.An obvious variation of salt components was found in the RUE micro-area of different types of halophytes. The Na/K ratio tended to decrease in succulent halophytes and salt secrete halophytes. Among 53 sampling sites, only 14 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na/K in rhizosphere soil than in background soil, and only 10 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na/K in canopy-under soil than in background soil. However, the Na/K ratio in the canopy edge soil of /K ratio in the rhizosphere was higher than that in background soil at 3 of 4 sampling sites of /K ratio in the rhizosphere of exclude halophytes tended to increase. The variation of SO/Cl ratio in the RUE micro-area was different in the 3 types of halophytes. For salt secrete halophytes, it decreased obviously in rhizosphere soil, canopy-under soil and canopy-edge soil; for succulent herbaceous halophytes, it tended to increase in rhizosphere soil; and for succulent shrubby halophytes, it tended to decrease in rhizosphere and in canopy-under soil, and tended to increase in canopy-edge soil. The SO/Cl ratio had no big change for exclude-halophytes. The reduction of the salts in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes was mainly because of their plant uptake, and the accumulation of salts in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was because the salt absorbed from the around soil returned to the RUE micro-area again. Because of the selective uptake by plant, the salt component varied with different types of halophytes. Most halophytes except Phragmites australia take more Na, and hence the Na/K ratio in the rhizosphere tends to decrease. The SO/Cl ratio in the RUE micro-area of salt secrete halophytes trended reduce, mainly because this type of halophyte can secrete more Cl with its growth. [ 郗金标, 张福锁, 陈阳, 毛达如, 尹传华, 田长彦 ( 2004). 盐生植物根冠区土壤盐分变化的初步研究 应用生态学报, 15, 53-58.] URL [本文引用: 1] The results showed that among the 27 sampling sites, the salt content in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes increased at 7 sites and decreased at 20 sites. The variation of soil salt content in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was related to the growth status of the plants. The salt content in rhizosphere decreased a little at the early stage of plant development, but that in RUE micro-area tended to increase and accumulated most quickly at the site of the canopy edge soil.An obvious variation of salt components was found in the RUE micro-area of different types of halophytes. The Na/K ratio tended to decrease in succulent halophytes and salt secrete halophytes. Among 53 sampling sites, only 14 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na/K in rhizosphere soil than in background soil, and only 10 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na/K in canopy-under soil than in background soil. However, the Na/K ratio in the canopy edge soil of /K ratio in the rhizosphere was higher than that in background soil at 3 of 4 sampling sites of /K ratio in the rhizosphere of exclude halophytes tended to increase. The variation of SO/Cl ratio in the RUE micro-area was different in the 3 types of halophytes. For salt secrete halophytes, it decreased obviously in rhizosphere soil, canopy-under soil and canopy-edge soil; for succulent herbaceous halophytes, it tended to increase in rhizosphere soil; and for succulent shrubby halophytes, it tended to decrease in rhizosphere and in canopy-under soil, and tended to increase in canopy-edge soil. The SO/Cl ratio had no big change for exclude-halophytes. The reduction of the salts in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes was mainly because of their plant uptake, and the accumulation of salts in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was because the salt absorbed from the around soil returned to the RUE micro-area again. Because of the selective uptake by plant, the salt component varied with different types of halophytes. Most halophytes except Phragmites australia take more Na, and hence the Na/K ratio in the rhizosphere tends to decrease. The SO/Cl ratio in the RUE micro-area of salt secrete halophytes trended reduce, mainly because this type of halophyte can secrete more Cl with its growth.
XiaXC, CaoQY, Wang FB. LeiJQ, ZhaoYJ ( 2005). Significance of studying age layers of Tamarix ramosissima sand-hillock in Lop Nur region, Xinjiang Arid Land Geography, 28, 565-568. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6060.2005.05.001URL [本文引用: 3] 红柳沙包是干旱区发育的一种生物地貌类型。罗布泊地区的红柳沙包主要分布在塔里木河、孔雀河、米兰河等三角洲地带。通过研究发现其中有些沙包具有清晰的“年层”构造，与树木年轮一样，具有计年和储存环境信息的功能，可以用来探讨和恢复过去气候和环境变化。但由于红柳生长发育规律和研究区环境的复杂性，利用红柳沙包年层在研究环境演变，在理论和实践上都有待进一步完善和提高。 [ 夏训诚, 曹琼英, 王富葆, 雷加强, 赵元杰 ( 2005). 罗布泊地区红柳沙包年层的研究意义 干旱区地理, 28, 565-568.] DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6060.2005.05.001URL [本文引用: 3] 红柳沙包是干旱区发育的一种生物地貌类型。罗布泊地区的红柳沙包主要分布在塔里木河、孔雀河、米兰河等三角洲地带。通过研究发现其中有些沙包具有清晰的“年层”构造，与树木年轮一样，具有计年和储存环境信息的功能，可以用来探讨和恢复过去气候和环境变化。但由于红柳生长发育规律和研究区环境的复杂性，利用红柳沙包年层在研究环境演变，在理论和实践上都有待进一步完善和提高。
YinCH, FengG, TianCY, ZhangFS ( 2008). Enrichment effects of soil organic matter and salinity under the tamarisk shrubs in arid area Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 16, 263-265. URL [本文引用: 1] 柽柳（Tamarix spp）是一种多年生泌盐盐生植物，是西北干旱区尤其是新疆主要的防风固沙灌木。其根系能寄生名贵药用植物——肉苁蓉（Cistanche spp．），因而被作为一种高附加值的经济植物进行大面积种植旧0，这使柽柳成为西北地区盐土农业发展中的重要资源。但在强调对柽柳等盐生植物资源经济利 用的同时，植物本身对环境的作用常常被忽视。如有报道表明柽柳能造成土壤的干燥，并在柽柳灌丛下形成肥岛。本研究的前期调查表明，柽柳等盐生植物有导致灌 丛土壤盐分增加的趋势。本研究在新疆塔里木盆地北缘荒漠冲积平原上调查了活柽柳灌丛和死亡柽柳包内外的土壤有机质和盐分变化，分析了西北内陆极端干旱条件 下柽柳对土壤环境的影响，以期为我国内陆盐土农业可持续发展提供依据。 [ 尹传华, 冯固, 田长彦, 张福锁 ( 2008). 干旱区柽柳灌丛下土壤有机质、盐分的富集效应的研究 中国生态农业学报, 16, 263-265.] URL [本文引用: 1] 柽柳（Tamarix spp）是一种多年生泌盐盐生植物，是西北干旱区尤其是新疆主要的防风固沙灌木。其根系能寄生名贵药用植物——肉苁蓉（Cistanche spp．），因而被作为一种高附加值的经济植物进行大面积种植旧0，这使柽柳成为西北地区盐土农业发展中的重要资源。但在强调对柽柳等盐生植物资源经济利 用的同时，植物本身对环境的作用常常被忽视。如有报道表明柽柳能造成土壤的干燥，并在柽柳灌丛下形成肥岛。本研究的前期调查表明，柽柳等盐生植物有导致灌 丛土壤盐分增加的趋势。本研究在新疆塔里木盆地北缘荒漠冲积平原上调查了活柽柳灌丛和死亡柽柳包内外的土壤有机质和盐分变化，分析了西北内陆极端干旱条件 下柽柳对土壤环境的影响，以期为我国内陆盐土农业可持续发展提供依据。
YinCH, DongJZ, ShiQM, ZhangK, ZhaoZY, TianCY ( 2012). Salt island effect of halophytic shrubs in different habitats and its ecological implication Acta Pedologica Sinica, 49, 289-295. URL [本文引用: 4] 为探明生境与植物种类对盐岛效应的影响,选取了分布于塔里木盆地北缘盐化草甸生境和灌丛生境的3种盐生灌木,即多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)、盐节木(Halocnemumstrobilaceum),分析了植丛下与植丛间土壤的pH、总盐和8种盐分离子含量的变化。研究结果表明在盐化草甸生境,只有盐节木植丛下的土壤盐分呈明显的富集状态,即形成了盐岛;而在灌丛生境,3种盐生植物均具有明显的盐岛效应,且盐岛效应以盐节木最高,多枝柽柳最低。数据分析进一步表明盐岛效应的强弱受植物种类和所处生境的影响:即分布于高盐环境的盐生植物和耐盐能力强的植物盐岛效应更为明显。而生境变化和植物种类的不同,对盐岛内盐分离子的富集也有不同的影响。盐岛效应的增强有加速草甸向盐生灌木为主的荒漠退化的趋势。 [ 尹传华, 董积忠, 石秋梅, 张科, 赵振勇, 田长彦 ( 2012). 不同生境下盐生灌木盐岛效应的变化及生态学意义 土壤学报, 49, 289-295.] URL [本文引用: 4] 为探明生境与植物种类对盐岛效应的影响,选取了分布于塔里木盆地北缘盐化草甸生境和灌丛生境的3种盐生灌木,即多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)、盐节木(Halocnemumstrobilaceum),分析了植丛下与植丛间土壤的pH、总盐和8种盐分离子含量的变化。研究结果表明在盐化草甸生境,只有盐节木植丛下的土壤盐分呈明显的富集状态,即形成了盐岛;而在灌丛生境,3种盐生植物均具有明显的盐岛效应,且盐岛效应以盐节木最高,多枝柽柳最低。数据分析进一步表明盐岛效应的强弱受植物种类和所处生境的影响:即分布于高盐环境的盐生植物和耐盐能力强的植物盐岛效应更为明显。而生境变化和植物种类的不同,对盐岛内盐分离子的富集也有不同的影响。盐岛效应的增强有加速草甸向盐生灌木为主的荒漠退化的趋势。
YinCH, ShiQM, LiangF, TianCY ( 2013). Distribution pattern of soil salinity in Tamarix nebkhas in Tarim Basin Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 33, 287-293. [本文引用: 5]
ZengFJ, SongC, GuoHF, LiuB, LuoWC, GuiDW, ArndtS, GuoDL ( 2013). Responses of root growth of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(Fabaceae) to different simulated groundwater depths in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China Journal of Arid Land, 5, 220-232. DOI:10.1007/s40333-013-0154-2URL [本文引用: 4] Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the distribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The ecological adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that: (1) A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3% 9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13% 20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% (the critical soil moisture point). (2) The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. (3) The decrease in groundwater depth was probably responsible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.
ZengYY, ZhouJL, LiQ, ZhaoJT, MengQ ( 2015). Assessment of groundwater quality and pollution in Ruoqiang and Qiemo region of Xinjiang Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 38(1), 72-78. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8614.2015.01.014URL [本文引用: 3] 采用单因子评价法对新疆若羌-且末地区2014年地下水质量进行评价,结果表明,若羌-且末地区潜水水质较差,影响潜水质量的主要因素为SO2-4、总硬度、Mg2+、TDS、Cl-等;承压水水质极差,影响承压水质量的主要因素为Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、总硬度、TDS和F-等。对比2014年与2003年地下水质量评价结果,进行该地区地下水无机污染评价,结果表明,潜水质量类别变差的水井占调查总井数(8眼)的37.5%,质量类别不变的占62.5%,没有质量类别变好的水井;承压水质量类别变差的水井占调查总井数(3眼)的66.7%,质量类别不变的占33.3%,没有质量类别变好的水井。根据微量有机指标的检出率进行该地区地下水有机污染评价,结果表明,9组潜水水样中三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯的检出率分别为22.2%和11.1%,9组承压水水样中三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯的检出率分别为33.3%和11.1%,其余微量有机物均未检出,三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯含量均低于生活饮用水标准限值。潜水污染源主要为牧草地施用的杀虫剂;承压水污染源主要为牧草地、耕地施用的杀虫剂以及城镇污水处理厂与垃圾填埋场。并提出应控制城镇污染源的影响、防止地下水受农业活动污染等合理开发利用该地区地下水的建议。 [ 曾妍妍, 周金龙, 李巧, 赵江涛, 孟奇 ( 2015). 新疆若羌-且末地区地下水质量与污染评价 新疆农业大学学报, 38(1), 72-78.] DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8614.2015.01.014URL [本文引用: 3] 采用单因子评价法对新疆若羌-且末地区2014年地下水质量进行评价,结果表明,若羌-且末地区潜水水质较差,影响潜水质量的主要因素为SO2-4、总硬度、Mg2+、TDS、Cl-等;承压水水质极差,影响承压水质量的主要因素为Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、总硬度、TDS和F-等。对比2014年与2003年地下水质量评价结果,进行该地区地下水无机污染评价,结果表明,潜水质量类别变差的水井占调查总井数(8眼)的37.5%,质量类别不变的占62.5%,没有质量类别变好的水井;承压水质量类别变差的水井占调查总井数(3眼)的66.7%,质量类别不变的占33.3%,没有质量类别变好的水井。根据微量有机指标的检出率进行该地区地下水有机污染评价,结果表明,9组潜水水样中三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯的检出率分别为22.2%和11.1%,9组承压水水样中三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯的检出率分别为33.3%和11.1%,其余微量有机物均未检出,三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯苯含量均低于生活饮用水标准限值。潜水污染源主要为牧草地施用的杀虫剂;承压水污染源主要为牧草地、耕地施用的杀虫剂以及城镇污水处理厂与垃圾填埋场。并提出应控制城镇污染源的影响、防止地下水受农业活动污染等合理开发利用该地区地下水的建议。
ZhangDY, YinLK, PanBR ( 2003). Study on drought resisting mechanism of Tamarix L. and assessing of its potential application Journal of Desert Research, 23, 252-256. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-694X.2003.03.008URL [本文引用: 1] All species of and Naincreased greatly and participate together in modulating osmotic pressure.Tamarix is one kind of excellent sand-fixing plants in northeastern part of China and plays an important role in maintaining stable ecological environment.The growth ring of Tamarix pile has some potential utilization in indicating local circumstance of the day and environmental evolvement of arid or semi-arid zone.Furthermore,Tamarix has valuable drought-related genes and can provide a potential application for deeper utilization through genic project. [ 张道远, 尹林克, 潘伯荣 ( 2003). 柽柳属植物抗旱性能研究及其应用潜力评价 中国沙漠, 23, 252-256.] DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-694X.2003.03.008URL [本文引用: 1] All species of and Naincreased greatly and participate together in modulating osmotic pressure.Tamarix is one kind of excellent sand-fixing plants in northeastern part of China and plays an important role in maintaining stable ecological environment.The growth ring of Tamarix pile has some potential utilization in indicating local circumstance of the day and environmental evolvement of arid or semi-arid zone.Furthermore,Tamarix has valuable drought-related genes and can provide a potential application for deeper utilization through genic project.
ZhangLH, ChenPH, LiJ, ChenXB, FengY ( 2016). Distribution of soil salt ions around Tamarix chinensis individuals in the Yellow River Delta Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36, 5741-5749. DOI:10.5846/stxb201504230839URL [本文引用: 1] 为探讨柽柳的盐分富集效应及其对不同盐分离子分布的影响,以黄河三角洲盐碱地柽柳为研究对象,分析了离植株不同距离不同土层中的盐分离子组成、含量、离子比及不同离子之间的相关性.研究结果表明:各土层阳离子中Na+含量最高,其次是Ca2+和Mg2+,K+最低,Cl-在阴离子中的含量最高,SO2-次之,HCO3-最低,而未检测到CO23--.在柽柳植株周围,尤其是表层土壤中,离植株越近盐分含量越高,显示出柽柳对盐分的富集效应,其中对不同阳离子的富集程度表现为K+＞Na+＞Mg2+＞Ca2+,而对阴离子的富集程度表现为HCO3 ＞Cl-＞ SO2-.冠层下凋落物中盐分的释放和树干径流可能是导致盐分在柽柳植株周围水平方向上存在差异的主要原因.土壤总可溶性盐含量随着土层的加深而升高.阳离子和阴离子向下迁移程度分别表现为Na+＞Mg“＞Ca2+＞K+和Cl-＞SO42-≈HCO3,因而随土层加深而升高的Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-,显示出底聚特征,而K+、SO2-和HCO3-含量则随着土层的加深而降低,具有表聚特征.降水淋溶、盐分离子迁移速率的差别和各土层中不同生物量根系对盐分吸收的差异可能是造成盐分在垂直方向上含量变化的主要因素. [ 张立华, 陈沛海, 李健, 陈小兵, 冯亚 ( 2016). 黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布, 生态学报, 36, 5741-5749.] DOI:10.5846/stxb201504230839URL [本文引用: 1] 为探讨柽柳的盐分富集效应及其对不同盐分离子分布的影响,以黄河三角洲盐碱地柽柳为研究对象,分析了离植株不同距离不同土层中的盐分离子组成、含量、离子比及不同离子之间的相关性.研究结果表明:各土层阳离子中Na+含量最高,其次是Ca2+和Mg2+,K+最低,Cl-在阴离子中的含量最高,SO2-次之,HCO3-最低,而未检测到CO23--.在柽柳植株周围,尤其是表层土壤中,离植株越近盐分含量越高,显示出柽柳对盐分的富集效应,其中对不同阳离子的富集程度表现为K+＞Na+＞Mg2+＞Ca2+,而对阴离子的富集程度表现为HCO3 ＞Cl-＞ SO2-.冠层下凋落物中盐分的释放和树干径流可能是导致盐分在柽柳植株周围水平方向上存在差异的主要原因.土壤总可溶性盐含量随着土层的加深而升高.阳离子和阴离子向下迁移程度分别表现为Na+＞Mg“＞Ca2+＞K+和Cl-＞SO42-≈HCO3,因而随土层加深而升高的Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-,显示出底聚特征,而K+、SO2-和HCO3-含量则随着土层的加深而降低,具有表聚特征.降水淋溶、盐分离子迁移速率的差别和各土层中不同生物量根系对盐分吸收的差异可能是造成盐分在垂直方向上含量变化的主要因素.
ZhangLH, ChenXB ( 2015). Characteristics of “salt island” and “fertile island” for Tamarix chinensis and soil carton, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in saline- alkali land Journal of Applied Ecology, 26, 653-658. URL [本文引用: 1] 为了探讨“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应影响下盐碱土的养分特征,对黄河三角洲盐碱地柽柳植株周围不同土层的pH值、电导率和碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征进行了研究.结果表明:土壤pH和电导率均随土层的加深而升高,0~20 cm 土层土壤电导率随离植株距离的增加而降低,全磷含量则升高.20~40 cm 土层土壤有机碳、全氮、N/P和C/P随离柽柳植株距离的增加而降低,C/N则升高.随着土层的加深,有机碳和全氮均呈降低趋势,而全磷则先降低后升高.土壤pH与电导率呈显著正相关,且二者与土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量比之间均呈显著负相关. [ 张立华, 陈小兵 ( 2015). 盐碱地柽柳“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应及其碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征 应用生态学报, 26, 653-658.] URL [本文引用: 1] 为了探讨“盐岛”和“肥岛”效应影响下盐碱土的养分特征,对黄河三角洲盐碱地柽柳植株周围不同土层的pH值、电导率和碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征进行了研究.结果表明:土壤pH和电导率均随土层的加深而升高,0~20 cm 土层土壤电导率随离植株距离的增加而降低,全磷含量则升高.20~40 cm 土层土壤有机碳、全氮、N/P和C/P随离柽柳植株距离的增加而降低,C/N则升高.随着土层的加深,有机碳和全氮均呈降低趋势,而全磷则先降低后升高.土壤pH与电导率呈显著正相关,且二者与土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量比之间均呈显著负相关.
ZhangJC, LiuCZ, YaoT, SunT, GuoCX, YuanHB, TangJN, DingF, LiXM, SongDW ( 2014). Exploration to sedimentary environment and grain-size characteristics in age layers of Tamarix sand-hillocks in Kumtag Desert Arid Land Geography, 37, 1155-1162. URL [本文引用: 1] The Kumtag Desert，China’s sixth largest desert，lies in the south-east of the Lop Nur region，and is famous for the unique dune type of Pseudo-feathery dunes in the whole world. It is expanding and threatening to engulf previously productive lands with its arid wasteland character with the eastward speed of 1-4 m agely. The Tamarix sand-hillocks are one kind of special biological landform types，with legible age layers structure composited by sand and plant litters，in the Kumtag Desert. And their age layers structure was important significance to reveal desert environmental evolution. The paper applied age layers environmental analysis techniques to collect the grain-size sample of three typical Tamarix sand-hillocks in the Kumtag Desert，and the sand-grain characteristics of the age layers were analyzed for discussion the sedimentary environment evolution in the past 120 years. The results suggest as follows：（1）The Tamarix sand-hillocks’granularity composition of grain-size is dominated by the fine sand，whose age layer average content is 67.0 % and the content of coarse sand and coarse powder sand came next，with average value of 13.0% and 12.4%. They are every fine grain-size，badly sorted，a positive or very positive skewness，and a medium and narrow kurtosis，they belongs to aeolian sediments.（2）On the spatial distribution of grain-size，the sediments of the wetlands sand-hillocks in the east is every fine with content of sands accounting for 77.2% and average grain-size value of 2.99 Φ，the valley sand-hillocks in the west is every thick with sands content of 85.1% and average grain-size ranges of 2.92 Φ. On the other hand，the more increased the sedimentation age，the coarser the grain-size of age layers of the Tamarix sand-hillocks in the 20th century，the content of sands is minimum of the top sand-hillocks which changes from 61.7% to 78.8% and its bottom’s one is more whose sand content changes from 84.54% to 97.78%. It reflects the diversity changes of the sedimentation environment in the different habitats and deposition time.（3）The grain-size of age layers of the Tamarix sand-hillocks in the past 120 years reflects that the Kumtag Desert environment is mainly based on the dry-windy climate model and the obviously alternation process of drying and wetting are accompanied with it. [ 张锦春, 刘长仲, 姚拓, 孙涛, 郭春秀, 袁宏波, 唐进年, 丁峰, 李学敏, 宋德伟 ( 2014). 库姆塔格柽柳沙包年层粒度特征及其沉积环境探讨 干旱区地理, 37, 1155-1162.] URL [本文引用: 1] The Kumtag Desert，China’s sixth largest desert，lies in the south-east of the Lop Nur region，and is famous for the unique dune type of Pseudo-feathery dunes in the whole world. It is expanding and threatening to engulf previously productive lands with its arid wasteland character with the eastward speed of 1-4 m agely. The Tamarix sand-hillocks are one kind of special biological landform types，with legible age layers structure composited by sand and plant litters，in the Kumtag Desert. And their age layers structure was important significance to reveal desert environmental evolution. The paper applied age layers environmental analysis techniques to collect the grain-size sample of three typical Tamarix sand-hillocks in the Kumtag Desert，and the sand-grain characteristics of the age layers were analyzed for discussion the sedimentary environment evolution in the past 120 years. The results suggest as follows：（1）The Tamarix sand-hillocks’granularity composition of grain-size is dominated by the fine sand，whose age layer average content is 67.0 % and the content of coarse sand and coarse powder sand came next，with average value of 13.0% and 12.4%. They are every fine grain-size，badly sorted，a positive or very positive skewness，and a medium and narrow kurtosis，they belongs to aeolian sediments.（2）On the spatial distribution of grain-size，the sediments of the wetlands sand-hillocks in the east is every fine with content of sands accounting for 77.2% and average grain-size value of 2.99 Φ，the valley sand-hillocks in the west is every thick with sands content of 85.1% and average grain-size ranges of 2.92 Φ. On the other hand，the more increased the sedimentation age，the coarser the grain-size of age layers of the Tamarix sand-hillocks in the 20th century，the content of sands is minimum of the top sand-hillocks which changes from 61.7% to 78.8% and its bottom’s one is more whose sand content changes from 84.54% to 97.78%. It reflects the diversity changes of the sedimentation environment in the different habitats and deposition time.（3）The grain-size of age layers of the Tamarix sand-hillocks in the past 120 years reflects that the Kumtag Desert environment is mainly based on the dry-windy climate model and the obviously alternation process of drying and wetting are accompanied with it.
ZhaoCY, WangT ( 2005). Current research status and prospects of vegetation succession on sandy land during its desertification process in semiarid regions of China Chinese Journal of Ecology, 24, 1343-1346. [本文引用: 1]
ZhaoYJ, XiaXC ( 2011). Research on the Relationship between Tamarix Cone and Environmental Change in Lop Nur Region of Xinjiang. Science Press, Beijing. 38-142. [本文引用: 4]
ZhengT, LiJG, LiWH, WanJH ( 2010). Soil heterogeneity and its effects on plant community in oasis desert transition zone in the lower peaches of Tarim River Journal of Desert Research, 30, 128-134. URL [本文引用: 1] 81 soil samples are collected from 9 soil profiles in Tieganlike oasis desert transition zone in the lower researches of Tarim River, based on which the spatial patterns of soil properties are analyzed by using non-parametric method and ANOVA. The relationship between plant species diversity and soil factors is also examined by using grey correlation analysis. Apart from the total P, the organic matter, total N, and total K distribute differentially in vertical profile, with significant differentiation at round 50 cm soil depth. In Tieganlike section along the Tarim River, the plant species diversity decreases from upper to lower reaches in correspondence to the same trend of soil nutrients. Consequently, the plant communities degrade from complexity to singleness, i.e. from the compound communities of arbor(predominated by Populus euphratica)+shrub(predominated by Tamarix spp)+herbage to pure Tamarix community. Grey correlation analysis indicates that there are significant relationships between plant species diversity and soil organic matter, total N, total P, and total K in the 0~50 cm soil layer. [ 郑田, 李建贵, 李卫红, 湾疆辉 ( 2010). 塔里木河下游绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤异质性及对植物群落的影响 中国沙漠, 30, 128-134.] URL [本文引用: 1] 81 soil samples are collected from 9 soil profiles in Tieganlike oasis desert transition zone in the lower researches of Tarim River, based on which the spatial patterns of soil properties are analyzed by using non-parametric method and ANOVA. The relationship between plant species diversity and soil factors is also examined by using grey correlation analysis. Apart from the total P, the organic matter, total N, and total K distribute differentially in vertical profile, with significant differentiation at round 50 cm soil depth. In Tieganlike section along the Tarim River, the plant species diversity decreases from upper to lower reaches in correspondence to the same trend of soil nutrients. Consequently, the plant communities degrade from complexity to singleness, i.e. from the compound communities of arbor(predominated by Populus euphratica)+shrub(predominated by Tamarix spp)+herbage to pure Tamarix community. Grey correlation analysis indicates that there are significant relationships between plant species diversity and soil organic matter, total N, total P, and total K in the 0~50 cm soil layer.
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Spatial distribution of soil nutrients after the establishment of sand-fixing shrubs on sand dune 1 2009
Responses of root growth of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(Fabaceae) to different simulated groundwater depths in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert, China 4 2013
,1,*, 雷加强1, 喜银巧1
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