Characterization of nutrient elements at different leaf positions in Phragmites australis in Songnen degraded grassland
GUO Rui,1,2,*, ZHOU Ji3, LIU Qi1,2, GU Feng-Xue1,21 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2 Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China 3 Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Centre, the Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100034, China
Abstract Aims This study was performed to compare the growth and characteristics of nutrient elements at different leaf positions of reed (Phragmites australis) under salinity stress. The adaptive mechanisms by which reeds at a Songnen grassland tolerate salinity stress were determined.Methods Samples were collected from normal grassland, moderate degraded grassland and severe degraded grassland, respectively. Plant height, shoot dry mass, and nutrient elements at different leaf positions of reeds were measured.Important findings The Na+ content, total salt content and pH value of soil are important factors that determine soil salinity in the Songnen grassland. The degree of soil salinity was aggravated stepwise from the single dominant reed communities to the reed coexisted with Suaeda salsa communities. Height and shoot dry mass decreased with increased salinity. The profiles of 10 key nutrient elements were measured, namely, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, P, and B. Results from the principal component analysis indicated that all samples were distributed within the 95% confidence interval. The results showed that K and P contents decreased with lowered leaf positions; while Na, Ca, and Mg showed the opposite distribution trends. Fe and Cu contents were less in young leaves than in the other leaves, Mn accumulated in the old leaves. However, a large amount of Zn accumulated in the young leaves. No obvious change in B was observed. Thus, salinity stress produced a small effect on the distribution of nutrients in young leaves, but strongly affected the older leaves. Under salinity stress, old leaves accumulated more Na+ to protect the young leaves from ion harm. High accumulation of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu in mature and old leaves was more beneficial to maintain and protect the function of photosynthesis. The increased K and P contents in the young leaves could provide the necessary nutrition and improve the salinity resistance of reed. This process contributes to the physiological response strategy of reed under salinity stress. Keywords:Songnen grassland;Phragmites australis;nutrient elements;leaves positions;degraded grassland
PDF (1584KB)摘要页面多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 郭瑞, 周际, 刘琪, 顾峰雪. 松嫩退化草地芦苇不同叶位叶片营养元素代谢特征. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(7): 734-740 doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0061 GUO Rui, ZHOU Ji, LIU Qi, GU Feng-Xue. Characterization of nutrient elements at different leaf positions in Phragmites australis in Songnen degraded grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(7): 734-740 doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0061
不同退化程度草地土壤的盐碱指标可以反映其土壤特点。典型草地、中度退化草地、重度退化草地土壤总盐分含量、pH值、电导率依次升高, 相互之间呈现显著性差异(表1, p < 0.05)。在8种离子中, 随土壤退化程度加深, K+、Na+、Mg2+、CO32-、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-含量增加, 其中Na+变化最为明显; 但Ca2+含量降低(表1)。
Table 1 表1 表1不同退化程度松嫩草地土壤盐碱特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 5) Table 1Soil salinity characteristics in the different degrees of degraded Songnen grasslands (mean ± SE, n = 5)
土壤盐碱特征 和养分 Soil salinity characteristics and nutrient contents
不同退化程度松嫩草地 The different degrees of retrogressive grassland
正常草地 Normal grassland
中度退化草地 Moderate degraded grassland
重度退化草地 Severe degraded grassland
K+ (μmol·g-1)
0.41 ± 0.06c
1.87 ± 0.19b
2.73 ± 0.24a
Na+ (μmol·g-1)
6.58 ± 0.55c
25.22 ± 1.98b
42.64 ± 6.87a
Ca2+ (μmol·g-1)
1.41 ± 0.10a
1.01 ± 0.09b
0.78 ± 0.02b
Mg2+ (μmol·g-1)
0.42 ± 0.03c
1.23 ± 0.46b
5.91 ± 0.68a
CO32- (μmol·g-1)
2.77 ± 0.40c
10.02 ± 1.55b
18.35 ± 2.76a
HCO3- (μmol·g-1)
9.34 ± 0.76b
21.11 ± 1.98a
23.24 ± 3.65a
Cl- (μmol·g-1)
1.66 ± 0.23c
5.87 ± 0.55b
16.06 ± 4.01a
SO42- (μmol·g-1)
0.53 ± 0.01c
2.21 ± 0.54b
4.36 ± 0.47a
TSC (μmol·g-1)
23.12 ± 1.88c
68.54 ± 7.02b
114.07 ± 16.32a
pH值 pH value
8.72 ± 0.37c
9.55 ± 0.83b
10.18 ± 0.72a
EC (μs·cm-1)
128.97 ± 3.44c
450.54 ± 11.34b
698.86 ± 22.70a
EC, 电导率; TSC, 总盐分含量。不同小写字母表示不同退化草地间差异显著(p < 0.05)。 EC, electrical conductivity; TSC, total salinity concentration. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the different degrees of retrogressive soil (p < 0.05).
Fig. 1Changes of plant height and shoot dry mass of Phragmites communis in different degrees of degraded grasslands (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the different degrees of degraded grasslands (p < 0.05). NG , normal grassland; MDG , moderate degraded grassland; SDG , severe degraded grassland.
Fig. 2Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots showing the nutrition elements trajectory of young leaves, mature leaves and old leaves in different habitats. A, Normal grassland. B, Moderate degraded grassland. C, Severe degraded grassland.
Table 2 表2 表2不同退化程度松嫩草地上芦苇各叶位叶片中营养元素含量(μmol·g-1) (平均值±标准误差, n = 5) Table 2The contents of nutrient elements in different leaf positions of Phragmites communis in the different degrees of degraded Songnen grasslands (μmol·g-1) (mean ± SE, n = 5)
营养 元素 Nutrients elements
不同退化程度松嫩草地不同叶位叶片 The different degrees of degraded grassland/The different leaf positions
正常草地 Normal grassland
中等退化草地 Moderate degraded grassland
严重退化草地 Severe degraded grassland
幼叶 Young leaf
功能叶 Mature leaf
老叶 Old leaf
幼叶 Young leaf
功能叶 Mature leaf
老叶 Old leaf
幼叶 Young leaf
功能叶 Mature leaf
老叶 Old leaf
钾 K
430.54 ± 21.69a
301.50 ± 14.26b
275.26 ± 31.68b
371.38 ± 11.57a
261.71 ± 8.10b
262.77 ± 39.81b
349.01 ± 28.25a
241.43 ± 33.59b
220.04 ± 20.44b
钠 Na
15.39 ± 2.70c
31.93 ± 2.49b
103.10 ± 19.37a
16.12 ± 2.39b
41.75 ± 4.84ab
73.02 ± 6.32a
44.73 ± 3.32c
119.39 ± 21.31b
163.18 ± 28.34a
钙 Ca
27.65 ± 1.37c
64.29 ± 2.14b
171.74 ± 1.70a
32.89 ± 5.46c
61.53 ± 7.40b
104.40 ± 9.08a
24.71 ± 2.73c
57.94 ± 6.15b
103.66 ± 10.49a
镁 Mg
26.61 ± 2.71c
36.84 ± 4.30b
77.04 ± 10.79a
27.31 ± 4.10c
42.64 ± 3.70b
63.63 ± 6.28a
24.20 ± 2.34c
37.55 ± 2.86b
59.32 ± 9.35a
铁 Fe
2.16 ± 0.20b
2.64 ± 0.33a
3.21 ± 0.26a
2.63 ± 0.21b
3.41 ± 0.28a
3.43 ± 0.32a
1.70 ± 0.20c
2.77 ± 0.24b
4.33 ± 0.60a
铜 Cu
1.41 ± 0.30b
2.28 ± 0.29a
1.88 ± 0.26a
2.31 ± 0.12b
3.50 ± 0.56a
3.61 ± 0.86a
1.64 ± 0.37b
2.04 ± 0.42b
2.94 ± 0.38a
锌 Zn
0.54 ± 0.03a
0.37 ± 0.08b
0.26 ± 0.05b
0.48 ± 0.07a
0.35 ± 0.07b
0.30 ± 0.08b
0.38 ± 0.04a
0.28 ± 0.05b
0.29 ± 0.06b
锰 Mn
0.62 ± 0.23b
0.86 ± 0.38b
1.40 ± 0.86a
0.30 ± 0.10b
0.30 ± 0.08b
0.45 ± 0.05a
0.35 ± 0.02b
0.47 ± 0.15b
1.09 ± 0.12a
磷 P
67.26 ± 4.58a
35.04 ± 2.63b
26.52 ± 1.06c
41.09 ± 5.89a
22.40 ± 2.24b
15.97 ± 1.85c
39.47 ± 3.45a
30.31 ± 4.23b
20.60 ± 2.67c
硼 B
2.48 ± 0.68a
1.49 ± 0.64a
1.55 ± 0.45a
0.96 ± 0.60a
0.95 ± 0.20a
0.86 ± 0.21a
1.55 ± 0.31a
2.42 ± 0.81a
2.00 ± 0.29a
不同小写字母表示不同退化草地间差异显著(p < 0.05)。 Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the different degrees of degraded grasslands (p < 0.05).
AsaedaT, NamLH, HietzP, TanakaN, KarunaralneS ( 2002). Seasonal fluctuations in live and dead biomass of Phragmites australis as described by a growth and decomposition model: Implications of duration of aerobic conditions for litter mineralization and sedimentation Aquatic Botany, 73, 223-239. DOI:10.1016/S0304-3770(02)00027-XURL [本文引用: 1] We developed a model of Phragmites australis growth and decomposition to evaluate the material budget and nutrient cycles of a reed stand in Neusiedlersee, Austria. The model describes the growth of each organ of P. australis, the collapse of standing dead shoots, the decomposition of leaves and stalks, and nutrient uptake and release during these processes. The model was calibrated using growth and decomposition data from the literature, and subsequently applied to predict the effects of P. australis stands on a marsh ecosystem. From the start of its decomposition in water, the litter was assumed to stay in the aerobic water layer for 6, 12 or 24 months before entering the anaerobic sediment layer. Because decomposition increases with increasing oxygen and temperature, the aerobic decomposition rate (before the litter was transferred to the anaerobic substrate) increased markedly, especially from spring to autumn. The model predicted that between 33 (6 months aerated) and 48% (24 months aerated) of the annual aboveground production would decompose within 1 year, while the rest would remain in the anaerobic substrate. Rates of nitrogen and phosphorus release were 1.4 times higher between late spring and the end of summer than during autumn and winter. A higher proportion of phosphorus than nitrogen was expected to remain trapped in the anaerobic layer. The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus during the growing season exceeded release during decomposition 4 6 and 5 7-fold, respectively. The model is useful for quantifying the nutrient cycles of reed-dominant marshes.
DaiX, ZhangBJ, ZhangQ, MaoSG ( 2009). Effect of different concentrations of manganese treatments on the growth of wheat seedlings and the activities of SOD·POD under salt stress Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 37, 13000-13001. URL [本文引用: 1] [目的]研究盐胁迫下不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗生长及SOD、POD活性的影响。[方法] 以淮麦19号为试材,将小麦种子及幼苗分别用1%的NaCIO溶液和0.1%的NaCI溶液处理后,再喷施不同浓度的硫酸锰溶液(0.5、1.0、 1.5、2.0、2.5mg/L),分别测定小麦幼苗的鲜重、根长、根重及叶片中SOD和POD的活性,研究盐胁迫下不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗生长及 SOD、POD活性的影响。I结果]不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗根长、苗高、鲜重的影响显著,锰处理浓度为0.5mg/L时小麦幼苗的根长、苗高分别比对 照增加了9.6%、9.8%;锰处理浓度分别为0.5、2.0mg/L时,小麦幼苗的鲜重分别比对照减少了25.9%和27.2%;2.0mg/L的锰浓 度处理可以显著增加小麦幼苗体内SOD和POD的活性,分别比对照增加了14.1%、25.2%。【结论]该试验提出了合理的小麦施锰肥的技术,为农业生 产实际服务。 [ 戴鑫, 张边江, 章琦, 毛善国 ( 2009). 盐胁迫下不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗生长及SOD·POD的影响 安徽农业科学, 37, 13000-13001.] URL [本文引用: 1] [目的]研究盐胁迫下不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗生长及SOD、POD活性的影响。[方法] 以淮麦19号为试材,将小麦种子及幼苗分别用1%的NaCIO溶液和0.1%的NaCI溶液处理后,再喷施不同浓度的硫酸锰溶液(0.5、1.0、 1.5、2.0、2.5mg/L),分别测定小麦幼苗的鲜重、根长、根重及叶片中SOD和POD的活性,研究盐胁迫下不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗生长及 SOD、POD活性的影响。I结果]不同浓度的锰处理对小麦幼苗根长、苗高、鲜重的影响显著,锰处理浓度为0.5mg/L时小麦幼苗的根长、苗高分别比对 照增加了9.6%、9.8%;锰处理浓度分别为0.5、2.0mg/L时,小麦幼苗的鲜重分别比对照减少了25.9%和27.2%;2.0mg/L的锰浓 度处理可以显著增加小麦幼苗体内SOD和POD的活性,分别比对照增加了14.1%、25.2%。【结论]该试验提出了合理的小麦施锰肥的技术,为农业生 产实际服务。
HaiX, WanZJ, YuSP, LouXZ, SunGY ( 2004). The restoration of wetlands in Songnen Plain l50 years ago Journal of Northeast Normal University Natural Science Edition, 36(2), 75-81. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1832.2004.02.014URL [本文引用: 1] 距今150年前的松嫩平原,生态环境基本保存着原始状态.但百余年的高强度开发,已使生态环境和湿地遭到严重破坏.通过实地考察、自然地理要素的相关建模,以及遥感分析、GIS制图和文献考证等方法的综合运用,首次对距今150年松嫩平原的湿地景观进行了恢复.结果表明,当时该区湿地面积广大,为7.64万km2,占平原总面积的37.8%;湿地的类型有河流湿地、湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地.湿地在宏观景观结构上的显著特点是:湿地分布具有区域广布性;湿地结构具有环状等级序;湿地类型具有东西异质性;湿地网络属于中央汇结网络;沼泽湿地具有基质功能;湿地生态系统具有丰富的多样性.松嫩平原湿地原始景观的重建,为该平原湿地和其他退化生态环境的恢复与重建提供了理论基础,在谋划区域可持续发展等方面,具有重要的实践意义. [ 海霞, 万忠娟, 于少鹏, 罗新正, 孙广友 ( 2004). 松嫩平原距今150年湿地景观结构重建 东北师大学报自然科学版, 36(2), 75-81.] DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1832.2004.02.014URL [本文引用: 1] 距今150年前的松嫩平原,生态环境基本保存着原始状态.但百余年的高强度开发,已使生态环境和湿地遭到严重破坏.通过实地考察、自然地理要素的相关建模,以及遥感分析、GIS制图和文献考证等方法的综合运用,首次对距今150年松嫩平原的湿地景观进行了恢复.结果表明,当时该区湿地面积广大,为7.64万km2,占平原总面积的37.8%;湿地的类型有河流湿地、湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地.湿地在宏观景观结构上的显著特点是:湿地分布具有区域广布性;湿地结构具有环状等级序;湿地类型具有东西异质性;湿地网络属于中央汇结网络;沼泽湿地具有基质功能;湿地生态系统具有丰富的多样性.松嫩平原湿地原始景观的重建,为该平原湿地和其他退化生态环境的恢复与重建提供了理论基础,在谋划区域可持续发展等方面,具有重要的实践意义.
KiviatE ( 2013). Ecosystem services of phragmites in North America with emphasis on habitat functions A nnals of Botany Plants, 5, 1-29. DOI:10.1093/aobpla/plt008URLPMID:4104640 [本文引用: 1] Phragmites australis (common reed) is widespread in North America, with native and non-native haplotypes. Many ecologists and wetland managers have considered P. australis a weed with little value to the native biota or human society. I document important ecosystem services of Phragmites including support for many common and rare species of plants and animals. This paper is based on an extensive review of the ecology and natural history literature, discussions with field workers, and observations in 13 US states and one Canadian province during the past 40 years. Phragmites sequesters nutrients, heavy metals and carbon, builds and stabilizes soils, and creates self-maintaining vegetation in urban and industrial areas where many plants do not thrive. These non-habitat ecosystem services are proportional to biomass and productivity. Phragmites was widely used by Native Americans for many purposes; the most important current direct use is for the treatment of wastes. Most of the knowledge of non-habitat ecosystem services is based on studies of P. australis haplotype M (an Old World haplotype). Phragmites also has habitat functions for many organisms. These functions depend on the characteristics of the landscape, habitat, Phragmites stand, species using Phragmites and life history element. The functions that Phragmites provides for many species are optimal at lower levels of Phragmites biomass and extent of stands. Old World Phragmites, contrary to many published statements, as well as North American native Phragmites, provide valuable ecosystem services including products for human use and habitat functions for other organisms. Phragmites stands may need management (e.g. thinning, fragmentation, containment or removal) to create or maintain suitable habitat for desired species of animals and plants.<br>
KobayashiT, NishizawaNK ( 2012). Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in higher plants Annual Review of Plant Biology, 63, 131-152. DOI:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105522URLPMID:22404471 [本文引用: 1] Iron is essential for the survival and proliferation of all plants. Higher plants have developed two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the reduction strategy of nongraminaceous plants and the chelation strategy of graminaceous plants. Key molecular components—including transporters, enzymes, and chelators—have been clarified for both strategies, and many of these components are now thought to also function inside the plant to facilitate internal iron transport. Transporters for intracellular iron trafficking are also being clarified. A majority of genes encoding these components are transcriptionally regulated in response to iron availability. Recent research has uncovered central transcription factors, cis-acting elements, and molecular mechanisms regulating these genes. Manipulation of these molecular components has produced transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency or with increased iron content in the edible parts.
LiXJ, LiQS, WangZC, LiuXT ( 2002). A research on characteristics and rational exploitation of soda saline land in the western Songnen Plain Research of Agricultural Modernization, 23, 361-400. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0275.2002.05.010URL [本文引用: 1] 松嫩平原西部有盐碱化土地面积373万hm2,是世界三大片苏打盐碱地集中分布区之一,由于区域内独特的地貌条件、成土母质组成、气候条件、地下水水位及其含盐量等因素作用,尤其是近几十年人为因素的干扰,盐碱地面积增加,盐碱化程度加剧,重度盐碱化土地面积以每年1.4%的速度扩展,生态环境恶化,成为制约区域农业发展的重要因素.针对盐碱化旱田、盐碱化草地和盐碱化湿地的特点,提出采用低洼盐碱地种稻模式,盐碱湿地育苇-养鱼模式,盐碱湖泡养鱼,盐碱化旱田改土培肥、种植耐盐碱作物或牧草、微咸水淋洗和物理化学改良,盐碱化草地恢复等多种措施,遏制盐碱化的发展,改善生态环境,实现经济、生态和社会效益的协调发展. [ 李秀军, 李取生, 王志春, 刘兴土 ( 2002). 松嫩平原西部盐碱地特点及合理利用研究 农业现代化研究, 23, 361-400.] DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0275.2002.05.010URL [本文引用: 1] 松嫩平原西部有盐碱化土地面积373万hm2,是世界三大片苏打盐碱地集中分布区之一,由于区域内独特的地貌条件、成土母质组成、气候条件、地下水水位及其含盐量等因素作用,尤其是近几十年人为因素的干扰,盐碱地面积增加,盐碱化程度加剧,重度盐碱化土地面积以每年1.4%的速度扩展,生态环境恶化,成为制约区域农业发展的重要因素.针对盐碱化旱田、盐碱化草地和盐碱化湿地的特点,提出采用低洼盐碱地种稻模式,盐碱湿地育苇-养鱼模式,盐碱湖泡养鱼,盐碱化旱田改土培肥、种植耐盐碱作物或牧草、微咸水淋洗和物理化学改良,盐碱化草地恢复等多种措施,遏制盐碱化的发展,改善生态环境,实现经济、生态和社会效益的协调发展.
LiuXX, YangYF ( 2012). Allometry analysis of reproductive ramets of Phragmites australis populations from different habitats in the Songnen Plain of China .Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 21, 313-318. DOI:10.11686/cyxb20120438URL [本文引用: 1] 通过乳熟后期大样本随机取样,对松嫩平原季节性积水的单优种芦苇群落和旱地生境羊草+芦苇群落的芦苇生殖分株数量特征进行了定量分析。结果表明,2种生境除花序长和花序生物量外,分株高、构件生物量、分株生物量、生殖生长比率和构件生物量分配间均达到显著差异。2种生境绝对数量性状中花序生物量变异系数最高,分别为57.73%和49.87%;相对数量性状中生殖分配的变异系数最高,分别为36.17%和39.44%。株高与花序长呈正相关,但与生殖生长比率呈负相关趋势。在构件生物量分配关系中,生殖分配和生产分配、生产分配和茎生物量分配均呈极显著的幂函数异速生长关系。揭示了不同生境条件下芦苇较强的调节生殖分配能力,体现了植物个体生长与生殖策略。 [ 刘秀香, 杨允菲 ( 2012). 松嫩平原不同生境芦苇生殖分株的异速生长分析 草业学报, 21, 313-318.] DOI:10.11686/cyxb20120438URL [本文引用: 1] 通过乳熟后期大样本随机取样,对松嫩平原季节性积水的单优种芦苇群落和旱地生境羊草+芦苇群落的芦苇生殖分株数量特征进行了定量分析。结果表明,2种生境除花序长和花序生物量外,分株高、构件生物量、分株生物量、生殖生长比率和构件生物量分配间均达到显著差异。2种生境绝对数量性状中花序生物量变异系数最高,分别为57.73%和49.87%;相对数量性状中生殖分配的变异系数最高,分别为36.17%和39.44%。株高与花序长呈正相关,但与生殖生长比率呈负相关趋势。在构件生物量分配关系中,生殖分配和生产分配、生产分配和茎生物量分配均呈极显著的幂函数异速生长关系。揭示了不同生境条件下芦苇较强的调节生殖分配能力,体现了植物个体生长与生殖策略。
LiuZY, TangYL, LuoZC (1982). Atlas of Major Crop Malnutrition Agriculture Press, Beijing. 47-48. [本文引用: 2]
NakamuraT, IshitaniM, HarinasutP, NomuraM, TakabeT, TakabeT ( 1996). Distribution of glycinebetaine in old and young leaf blades of salt-stressed barley plants Plant and Cell Physiology, 37, 873-877. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029026URL [本文引用: 1] ABSTRACT In barley plants exposed to stepwise salt-stress (up to 200 mM NaCl), sodium and chloride ions accumulated preferentially in old rather than in young leaf blades. Furthermore, the level of glycinebetaine in young leaf blades was approximately three times that in old leaf blades.
WangF, WanSB, MengQW, LiXG ( 2012). Regulation of Ca 2+ in plant response mechanisms under salt stress Life Science Research, 16, 362-367. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7847.2012.04.015URL [本文引用: 1] 对植物而言,Ca2+不仅作为 一种必须的营养元素,更重要的是作为耦联胞外信号与胞内生理反应的第二信使.当植物受到外界的环境刺激时,细胞中Ca2+会出现变化,引起一系列保护性生 理反应,从而减轻环境胁迫对植物体的伤害.我国盐碱地面积广阔,极大地限制了作物种植和农业生产.大量研究表明,Ca2+可以提高植物对盐胁迫的抗性,针 对盐胁迫对植物的伤害机制,重点讨论了盐胁迫条件下Ca2+参与的植物体内有关响应途径及作用机制. [ 王芳, 万书波, 孟庆伟, 李新国 ( 2012). Ca2+在植物盐胁迫响应机制中的调控作用 生命科学研究, 16, 362-367.] DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7847.2012.04.015URL [本文引用: 1] 对植物而言,Ca2+不仅作为 一种必须的营养元素,更重要的是作为耦联胞外信号与胞内生理反应的第二信使.当植物受到外界的环境刺激时,细胞中Ca2+会出现变化,引起一系列保护性生 理反应,从而减轻环境胁迫对植物体的伤害.我国盐碱地面积广阔,极大地限制了作物种植和农业生产.大量研究表明,Ca2+可以提高植物对盐胁迫的抗性,针 对盐胁迫对植物的伤害机制,重点讨论了盐胁迫条件下Ca2+参与的植物体内有关响应途径及作用机制.
XiaJ, WishartDS ( 2011). Web-based inference of biological patterns, functions and pathways from metabolomic data using MetaboAnalyst Nature Protocols, 6, 743-760. DOI:10.1038/nprot.2011.319URLPMID:21637195 [本文引用: 1] MetaboAnalyst is an integrated web-based platform for comprehensive analysis of quantitative metabolomic data. It is designed to be used by biologists (with little or no background in statistics) to perform a variety of complex metabolomic data analysis tasks. These include data processing, data normalization, statistical analysis and high-level functional interpretation. This protocol provides a step-wise description on how to format and upload data to MetaboAnalyst, how to process and normalize data, how to identify significant features and patterns through univariate and multivariate statistical methods and, finally, how to use metabolite set enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway analysis to help elucidate possible biological mechanisms. The complete protocol can be executed in approximately 45 min.
XiangM, YeHC, LiGF, ChenJL ( 2000). Comparison of some characteristics between Phragmites communis and its salt tolerant variant Acta Botanica Sinica, 42, 1126-1130. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.2000.11.005URL [本文引用: 1] 对通过细胞工程方法得到的耐盐芦苇 (PhragmitescommunisTrin .)变异系R5 0 0 2_12与野生型植株进行了分子生物学和生理生化特性比较分析。筛选到 5个RAPD引物对变异体和野生型植株的DNA的随机扩增表现出不同的多态性 ,表明该变异体在分子水平上发生了变化。生理生化分析的结果表明 ,平行生长状态下的两种株系 ,其可溶性蛋白和同工酶的表达水平和种类不一样 ,变异体在NaCl胁迫下 ,表达特异性的蛋白。实验还表明 ,无论胁迫与否 ,变异体的叶绿素含量都高于野生型植株 ,生长量比野生型植株大。 [ 祥明, 叶和春, 李国凤, 陈建林 ( 2000). 芦苇耐盐变异体与野生型植株某些特性的比较 植物学报, 42, 1126-1130.] DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-9072.2000.11.005URL [本文引用: 1] 对通过细胞工程方法得到的耐盐芦苇 (PhragmitescommunisTrin .)变异系R5 0 0 2_12与野生型植株进行了分子生物学和生理生化特性比较分析。筛选到 5个RAPD引物对变异体和野生型植株的DNA的随机扩增表现出不同的多态性 ,表明该变异体在分子水平上发生了变化。生理生化分析的结果表明 ,平行生长状态下的两种株系 ,其可溶性蛋白和同工酶的表达水平和种类不一样 ,变异体在NaCl胁迫下 ,表达特异性的蛋白。实验还表明 ,无论胁迫与否 ,变异体的叶绿素含量都高于野生型植株 ,生长量比野生型植株大。
YanDF, YangYF, ZhaoMQ ( 2012). Phenotypic plasticity of leaves on reed populations in heterogeneous habitats in the Songnen Plains of China Journal of Northeast Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 44(2), 78-83. [本文引用: 1]
YangF, DengW, YangJF, ZhangGX, LiXJ ( 2006). Effects of soil moisture and electrical conductivity on growth and population distribution of Phoebe chekiangensis .Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20, 199-201. [本文引用: 1]
YangYF, LangHQ ( 1998). A study of population regulation of Phragmites communis as a clonal plant in different ecological conditions Acta Pratacultural Science, 7(2), 1-9. URL [本文引用: 2] 芦苇是典型的无性系植物,天然种群主要依靠营养繁殖补充更新。在松嫩平原,芦苇的主蘖仅在去顶干扰时才能产生侧生蘖,芦苇根茎存活时间最多为6年,根茎从第5年开始大量死亡,至最高6龄级仅占甚小比重,根茎干物质贮存的可塑性对变境的反应比根茎的生长更为有敏感,不同生态条件下,1龄级根茎均为休眠芽,2龄级根茎的活动芽均最多,并且随着龄级的增加呈依次减少趋势,6龄级根茎的休眠芽一般均丧失了萌发力,芦苇种群的1龄级 [ 杨允菲, 郎惠卿 ( 1998). 不同生态条件下芦苇无性系种群调节分析 草业学报, 7(2), 1-9.] URL [本文引用: 2] 芦苇是典型的无性系植物,天然种群主要依靠营养繁殖补充更新。在松嫩平原,芦苇的主蘖仅在去顶干扰时才能产生侧生蘖,芦苇根茎存活时间最多为6年,根茎从第5年开始大量死亡,至最高6龄级仅占甚小比重,根茎干物质贮存的可塑性对变境的反应比根茎的生长更为有敏感,不同生态条件下,1龄级根茎均为休眠芽,2龄级根茎的活动芽均最多,并且随着龄级的增加呈依次减少趋势,6龄级根茎的休眠芽一般均丧失了萌发力,芦苇种群的1龄级
YasarF, UzalO, TufenkciS, YildizK ( 2006). Ion accumulation in different organs of green bean genotypes grown under salt stress Plant Soil and Environment, 52, 476-480. DOI:10.1626/pps.9.83URL [本文引用: 1] ABSTRACT Salt-tolerant Gevas Sirik 57 (GS57) genotypes and salt-sensitive 4F-89 French variety, previously determined in our preliminary study, were used in the study. The genotype and the variety exposed to 100mM NaCl application developed different mechanisms to be protected against toxic effects of Na + ion. Salt-sensitive 4F-89 French variety let Na + accumulate in all organs. On the contrary, salt-tolerant GS57 did not avoid salt and acted selectively among ions; the majority of toxic ion Na + accumulated in old leaves and shoots and the plants did not transport them into young leaves. K + accumulation was high in organs in which Na + concentrations were low, and vice versa; Na + con- tent was low in young and high in old leaves of GS57, but K + content was opposite. Ca 2+ content in young leaves of GS57 and 4F-89 decreased; still its content was the highest of all examined ions found in young leaves. This indi - cated that beans can develop different mechanisms to accept and adapt high levels of salt. Storing toxic ion (Na + ) in old leaves and having a limited transmission of salt into young leaves serves as a protection from detrimental effects of salt.
ZhangJ, WuLH, WangMY ( 2007). Effect of iron and nitrogen mixed fertilizers on the content of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg and protein in brown rice Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 26, 122-125. [本文引用: 2]
ZhangSG, QiuJJ, ZhangH ( 2000). Salinized soil resources in China and their comprehensive harnessing Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 21(1), 52-56. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangX, XiaoXL, LiPB, SunYF, GuoWY, YaoYA ( 2015). Physiological responses of Populus alba var. pyramidalis leaves with different maturity to alkali stress Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 51(12), 9-16. DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151202URL [本文引用: 2] 【目的】了解碱胁迫下不同成熟度杨树叶片的生理响应差异,为揭示干旱地区木本植物耐碱机制提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆地区分布面积较大的树种银白杨变种新疆杨为材料,进行碱处理(土壤 pH8.5~9.0,100 mmol·L -1 Na +),分析碱胁迫下新疆杨不同成熟度叶片的离子含量( Na +,K +,Na +/K +,Mg2+,Ca2+)变化及分配规律、光和色素[叶绿素和类胡萝卜素( Car)]响应和抗氧化生理指标[过氧化氢酶( CAT )、超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化物酶( POD)、丙二醛( MDA)]的变化。【结果】与未成熟幼叶相比,对照条件下新疆杨老叶含有较高的 Na +含量和较低的 K +含量,有较高的 Na +/K +;碱胁迫下新疆杨的 Na +含量和 Na +/K +在成熟老叶中进一步大幅度升高,而在幼叶中无明显变化,K +含量在老叶和幼叶中受碱胁迫均无明显变化;相反,二价离子( Ca2+和Mg2+)含量在对照条件下主要在老叶中积累,碱胁迫下 Ca2+和 Mg2+在成熟老叶中下降,而在幼叶中升高。新疆杨老叶的光合色素含量(叶绿素a,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)在对照条件下显著高于幼叶,但是碱胁迫下老叶的光合色素含量大幅度下降并低于幼叶含量;而幼叶的叶绿素( a,b及总叶绿素)维持不变,类胡萝卜素甚至显著升高。同时,老叶膜脂过氧化水平(丙二醛含量)显著升高,在幼叶中仍然维持了较低水平。老叶内抗氧化酶活性如 CAT、SOD、POD碱胁迫下均大幅度升高,幼叶中上述抗氧化酶除 SOD 酶稍微下降外均没有显著变化,保持较低水平。【结论】碱胁迫下新疆杨叶片多余的Na +几乎完全进入了老叶,这种离子分配策略使老叶受到严重氧化胁迫;面对盐碱敏感的幼叶可避免离子危害且受到良好的保护。这种有利于幼叶的离子分配方式是新疆杨抵抗碱胁迫的重要生存策略,对其在荒漠地区的生存具有重要意义。 [ 张选, 肖薪龙, 李鹏勃, 孙玉芳, 郭琬莹, 姚银安 ( 2015). 新疆杨不同成熟度叶片在碱胁迫下的生理响应 林业科学, 51(12), 9-16.] DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151202URL [本文引用: 2] 【目的】了解碱胁迫下不同成熟度杨树叶片的生理响应差异,为揭示干旱地区木本植物耐碱机制提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆地区分布面积较大的树种银白杨变种新疆杨为材料,进行碱处理(土壤 pH8.5~9.0,100 mmol·L -1 Na +),分析碱胁迫下新疆杨不同成熟度叶片的离子含量( Na +,K +,Na +/K +,Mg2+,Ca2+)变化及分配规律、光和色素[叶绿素和类胡萝卜素( Car)]响应和抗氧化生理指标[过氧化氢酶( CAT )、超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化物酶( POD)、丙二醛( MDA)]的变化。【结果】与未成熟幼叶相比,对照条件下新疆杨老叶含有较高的 Na +含量和较低的 K +含量,有较高的 Na +/K +;碱胁迫下新疆杨的 Na +含量和 Na +/K +在成熟老叶中进一步大幅度升高,而在幼叶中无明显变化,K +含量在老叶和幼叶中受碱胁迫均无明显变化;相反,二价离子( Ca2+和Mg2+)含量在对照条件下主要在老叶中积累,碱胁迫下 Ca2+和 Mg2+在成熟老叶中下降,而在幼叶中升高。新疆杨老叶的光合色素含量(叶绿素a,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)在对照条件下显著高于幼叶,但是碱胁迫下老叶的光合色素含量大幅度下降并低于幼叶含量;而幼叶的叶绿素( a,b及总叶绿素)维持不变,类胡萝卜素甚至显著升高。同时,老叶膜脂过氧化水平(丙二醛含量)显著升高,在幼叶中仍然维持了较低水平。老叶内抗氧化酶活性如 CAT、SOD、POD碱胁迫下均大幅度升高,幼叶中上述抗氧化酶除 SOD 酶稍微下降外均没有显著变化,保持较低水平。【结论】碱胁迫下新疆杨叶片多余的Na +几乎完全进入了老叶,这种离子分配策略使老叶受到严重氧化胁迫;面对盐碱敏感的幼叶可避免离子危害且受到良好的保护。这种有利于幼叶的离子分配方式是新疆杨抵抗碱胁迫的重要生存策略,对其在荒漠地区的生存具有重要意义。
ZhangYX ( 2005). Effect of manganese on yield in different soybean genetic types . Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2, 245-247. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2005.07.074URL [本文引用: 1] Studies were carried out on effects of manganese on yield of soybean with seed treatment and leaf spraying. The results showed that application of manganese can increased the number of seeds per plant and the number of legumes per plant in Kennong18 with seed treatment and leaf spraying, the height of plant and 100-seed weight increased with the increase of manganese and then decreased; the height of plant、the number of legumes per plant、100-seed weight and the number of seeds per plant increase with the increase of manganese in Dongnong42 with seed treatment and leaf spraying. [ 张玉先 ( 2005). 锰元素对不同基因型大豆产量的影响 中国农学通报, 2, 245-247.] DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2005.07.074URL [本文引用: 1] Studies were carried out on effects of manganese on yield of soybean with seed treatment and leaf spraying. The results showed that application of manganese can increased the number of seeds per plant and the number of legumes per plant in Kennong18 with seed treatment and leaf spraying, the height of plant and 100-seed weight increased with the increase of manganese and then decreased; the height of plant、the number of legumes per plant、100-seed weight and the number of seeds per plant increase with the increase of manganese in Dongnong42 with seed treatment and leaf spraying.
ZhaoKF, FengLT, ZhangSQ ( 1998). Adaptive physiology of different ecotypes of Phragmites communis to salinity in the Yellow River Delta I. Osmotica and their contributions to the osmotic adjustment Acta Ecologica Sinica, 18, 1-10. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1998.05.003URL [本文引用: 1] 山东省黄河三角洲分布4种不同生态型芦苇——淡水沼泽芦苇、咸水沼泽芦苇、低盐草甸芦苇和高盐草甸芦苇。1994年与1995年的8~9月份对不同生境生态型芦苇的生长情况、群落组成及优势度进行观测,并测定4种不同生态型芦苇的有机和无机渗透剂以及渗透势和渗透调节能力。结果表明:不同生态型芦苇的多度、盖度、植株高度、叶片含水量和渗透势均随生境盐度的增大而降低;低盐度下的芦苇其渗透剂以K+和可溶性糖为主,高盐度下以Na+、Cl-为主;芦苇根部Na+含量大于叶片,其渗透调节能力也高于叶片;植物体的Na/K比值随生境盐度而变化,而高盐度下Na/K比为1左右;在渗透调节中有机和无机渗透剂的贡献随生境盐度而变化,有机渗透剂贡献随生境盐度增大而减少,无机渗透剂贡献则随盐度增加而增大。上述结果证明芦苇是一种应性较强的植物,从抗盐机理考虑可以认为它是一种假盐生植物。 [ 赵可夫, 冯立田, 张圣强 ( 1998). 黄河三角洲不同生态型芦苇对盐度适应生理的研究I. 渗透调节物质及其贡献 生态学报, 18, 1-10.] DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1998.05.003URL [本文引用: 1] 山东省黄河三角洲分布4种不同生态型芦苇——淡水沼泽芦苇、咸水沼泽芦苇、低盐草甸芦苇和高盐草甸芦苇。1994年与1995年的8~9月份对不同生境生态型芦苇的生长情况、群落组成及优势度进行观测,并测定4种不同生态型芦苇的有机和无机渗透剂以及渗透势和渗透调节能力。结果表明:不同生态型芦苇的多度、盖度、植株高度、叶片含水量和渗透势均随生境盐度的增大而降低;低盐度下的芦苇其渗透剂以K+和可溶性糖为主,高盐度下以Na+、Cl-为主;芦苇根部Na+含量大于叶片,其渗透调节能力也高于叶片;植物体的Na/K比值随生境盐度而变化,而高盐度下Na/K比为1左右;在渗透调节中有机和无机渗透剂的贡献随生境盐度而变化,有机渗透剂贡献随生境盐度增大而减少,无机渗透剂贡献则随盐度增加而增大。上述结果证明芦苇是一种应性较强的植物,从抗盐机理考虑可以认为它是一种假盐生植物。
ZhaoLP, ShangQC, LiCL ( 2000). Present situation and problems of sodic soil improvement and using in Songliao Plain Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 22(Suppl.), 79-83, 85. [本文引用: 2]
ZhengHY, LiJD ( 1995). A preliminary study on the formation of saline-alkali plant communities in the Songnen Plain Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 19, 1-12. DOI:10.1007/BF02007173URL [本文引用: 2] The results of our investigations and analyses have shown that topographical, geomorphologic, hydrological, climatic and pedological conditions in the Song-Nen Plain all have potential effects on the formation of saline-alkali plant communities. Human activities such as overgrazing could bring about the degradation of Aneurolepidium chinenses grassland, as indicated by the appearance of saline-alkali plant communities. During the formation of saline-alkali plant communities, the species composition and population dynamics of the original community will change. The changes of the soil properties include salt content and the composition of salt ions, pH, soil organic matter content and its associated properties. Finally, the saline-alkali plant species reach an dynamic equilibrium with their habitats. Weighted average index and community coefficient were employed as quantitative indices to quantify the changes of vegetation characteristics during the formation of saline-alkali plant communities. [ 郑慧莹, 李建东 ( 1995). 松嫩平原盐碱植物群落形成过程的探讨 植物生态学报, 19, 1-12.] DOI:10.1007/BF02007173URL [本文引用: 2] The results of our investigations and analyses have shown that topographical, geomorphologic, hydrological, climatic and pedological conditions in the Song-Nen Plain all have potential effects on the formation of saline-alkali plant communities. Human activities such as overgrazing could bring about the degradation of Aneurolepidium chinenses grassland, as indicated by the appearance of saline-alkali plant communities. During the formation of saline-alkali plant communities, the species composition and population dynamics of the original community will change. The changes of the soil properties include salt content and the composition of salt ions, pH, soil organic matter content and its associated properties. Finally, the saline-alkali plant species reach an dynamic equilibrium with their habitats. Weighted average index and community coefficient were employed as quantitative indices to quantify the changes of vegetation characteristics during the formation of saline-alkali plant communities.
Seasonal fluctuations in live and dead biomass of Phragmites australis as described by a growth and decomposition model: Implications of duration of aerobic conditions for litter mineralization and sedimentation 1 2002