Water-Carrying Potential of No-Tillage with Plastic Film Mulching for 2-Year Coupled with Maize High-Density Planting in Oasis Irrigation Area
ZHANG ZhanJun,, YANG HongWei, FAN ZhiLong, YU AiZhong, HU FaLong, YIN Wen, FAN Hong, GUO Yao, CHAI Qiang,, ZHAO Cai,College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
Abstract 【Objective】In view of the serious water resources shortage in the arid oasis irrigation region, and the large amount of plastic film and water consumption in the traditional maize production mode, this study investigated the feasibility of no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year coupled with high-density planting to improve water use efficiency, so as to provide the theoretical base for the high-efficient maize production technology under plastic film reduction condition in this area.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in Hexi Corridor oasis irrigation region in 2017-2019 under 2 different tillage patterns, including conventional plastic film mulching (CT) and no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year (NT), and 3 planting densities, including low density (78 000 plants/hm2), medium density (103 500 plants/hm2), and high density (129 000 plants/hm2). Water use characteristics and maize yield performance under various treatments were investigated to explore the soil moisture that could carry the maximum density of crops under the two cultivation measures, that is, the water-carrying potential. Based on the amount of water consumption, the level of yield and the size of water use efficiency, the water-carrying potential of no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year to high-density planting were clarified.【Result】Compared with CT, NT increased soil water content and soil water storage before sowing by 11.6%-14.0% and 19.4%-26.0%, respectively, implying a beneficial effect on maize high-density planting. There was no significant difference of total water consumption in the whole growth period of maize between NT and CT under medium and low planting densities, while NT increased total water consumption by 4.7% compared with CT under high planting density. The total water consumption of maize increased with increasing of planting density, but total evaporation and E/ET decreased. Compared with low planting density, the high and medium planting densities increased the total water consumption of maize by 10.7% and 5.2% under NT, and by 7.4% and 4.6% under CT, respectively, which indicated that no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year reduced the water-carrying potential for high density planting of maize, compared with conventional tillage. There was no significant difference in maize grain yield between NT and CT with the same planting density level. Compared with low planting density, the high and medium planting densities increased grain yield by 6.1%-19.0% and 10.9%-25.0% under NT, and by 4.8%-5.8% and 8.8%-8.9% under CT, respectively. In terms of grain yield performance, no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year did not reduce the water-carrying potential for high-density planting of maize, compared with conventional tillage. There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between NT and CT with the same planting density level. Compared with high and low planting density levels, the medium planting density increased the water use efficiency by 9.8%-10.8% and 6.3%-17.8% under NT, and by 5.9%-7.1% and 4.3%-4.7% under CT, respectively. The water use efficiency of medium planting density was the highest among those treatments. Considering the water use efficiency difference, neither NT nor CT was suitable to support high-density planting of maize.【Conclusion】No-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year had the same potential as conventional tillage for improving grain yield and water use efficiency by increasing planting density in the arid oasis irrigation region. Whereas, the total water consumption of maize under no-tillage with two-year plastic film mulching was higher than that under CT. Consequently, No-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year in combination with planting density at 103 500 plants/hm2 could be used as a practical technology to reduce plastic film input, improve grain yield and enhance water use efficiency of maize in oasis irrigation region. Keywords:no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year;maize;planting density;water consumption;water use efficiency;water- carrying potential
PDF (577KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 张展军, 杨宏伟, 樊志龙, 于爱忠, 胡发龙, 殷文, 范虹, 郭瑶, 柴强, 赵财. 绿洲灌区免耕一膜两年用玉米密植的水分承载潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(16): 3406-3416 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.004 ZHANG ZhanJun, YANG HongWei, FAN ZhiLong, YU AiZhong, HU FaLong, YIN Wen, FAN Hong, GUO Yao, CHAI Qiang, ZHAO Cai. Water-Carrying Potential of No-Tillage with Plastic Film Mulching for 2-Year Coupled with Maize High-Density Planting in Oasis Irrigation Area[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3406-3416 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.004
Table 1 表1 表1不同耕作措施及种植密度下玉米的耗水特性 Table 1Water consumption characteristics of maize under different tillage measures and planting densities
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
播前含水量 Soil water content before sowing (%)
收后含水量 Soil water content in harvesting (%)
播前贮水量 Soil water storage before sowing (mm)
收后贮水量 Soil water storage in harvesting (mm)
全生育期耗水量 ET (mm)
2018
CTM1
17.97b
17.77bc
305.88b
314.33b
648.11c
CTM2
18.93b
16.54d
310.55b
288.31cd
672.81b
CTM3
18.98b
16.20d
302.23b
279.89d
693.90b
NTM1
20.87a
20.40a
356.45a
354.38a
651.98c
NTM2
21.20a
18.58b
373.33a
318.29b
691.61b
NTM3
20.27a
17.22cd
366.85a
301.11bc
722.30a
2019
CTM1
18.81b
16.66a
299.99b
293.62ab
613.47d
CTM2
18.34b
17.59a
313.10b
308.91a
640.49bc
CTM3
18.91b
16.70a
317.71b
286.38b
661.07b
NTM1
20.84a
17.37a
375.23a
312.30a
629.55cd
NTM2
21.28a
16.89a
391.18a
305.13a
656.68b
NTM3
22.04a
17.45a
408.54a
311.79a
696.05a
显著性(P值) Significance(P value)
耕作措施 Tillage
**
**
**
**
NS
种植密度 Density
NS
NS
**
**
**
耕作措施×种植密度 Tillage ×Density
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CTM1、CTM2、CTM3代表传统覆膜的低、中、高密度;NTM1、NTM2、NTM3代表一膜两年用的低、中、高密度。表中的含水量和贮水量均为0—120 cm土层。NS、**分别表示无显著差异及在0.01水平上差异显著。同一列数字后的不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著 CTM1, CTM2, CTM3 represent the low, medium, and high density of conventional plastic film mulching; NM1, NM2, NM3 represent the low, medium, and high density of no-tillage with plastic film mulching for 2-year. The soil water content and soil water storage is 0-120 cm soil layer in the table. NS, ** mean non-significant or significant at P<0.01, respectively. Different lowercase letters in a column represent significant differences at 0.05 level
YANGF, LI AN, ZHOU CP, HUANG JY. Part-time employment, agricultural water shortage perception and water-saving technology adoption behavior of farmers—Based on the survey data of farmers in Shaanxi province Water Saving Irrigation, 2019(5):113-116. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
WU WM, DONG HL, WANGP, CHEN KW, WEI CZ. The effects of water and nitrogen on water use efficiency and transpiration rate in mulched-cotton by drip irrigation in South-Xinjiang. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2006, 15(1):11-15. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHANG NX, ZHAOC, ZHAO LX, CAI LJ, WANG YF, CHAIQ. Water-saving potential for biennial mulched corn with same plastic film in oasis irrigation area Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(6):876-885. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 5]
WANG QM, FAN ZL, ZHAO YH, YINW, CHAIQ. Effect of planting density on water consumption characteristics of maize in oasis irrigation area Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(9):1347-1356. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 9]
SUN SJ, ZHU ZC, CHEN ZJ, YANGD, ZHANG XD. Effects of different colored plastic film mulching and planting density on soil temperature, evapotranspiration and yield of spring maize Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19):3323-3336. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
FAN ZL, ZHAOC, LIUC, YU AZ, YINW, HU FL, CHAIQ. Enhanced effect of two years plastic film mulching with reduced tillage on grain yield formation of wheat rotation under reduced irrigation and N application Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19):3651-3662. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
YAN CR, MEI XR, HE WQ, ZHENG SH. Present situation of residue pollution of mulching plastic film and controlling measures Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(11):269-272. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
GUO ZS, SHAO MA. Use of the theory of soil water carrying capacity for vegetation in practice Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(12):2187-2193. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
XIE JH, CHAIQ, LI LL, ZHANG RZ, NIU YN, LUO ZZ, CAI LQ. The time loading limitation of continuous cropping maize yield under different plastic film mulching modes in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau of China Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8):1558-1568. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHOU TT, LIJ, SI ZB. Effects of planting density and variety on growth and RUE of spring maize in Weibei highland Journal of Northwest A & F University(Natural Science Edition), 2015, 43(11):54-62. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
TOLLENAARM, LEE EA. Yield potential, yield stability and stress tolerance in maize Field Crops Research, 2002, 75(2/3):161-169. DOI:10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00024-2URL [本文引用: 1]
WANG XL, ZHANG SQ, WANG SQ. Effects of cultivars intercropping on maize water balance under different planting densities Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(2):171-178. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 3]
LIU CA, JIN SL, ZHOU LM, JIAY, LI FM, XIONG YC, LI XG. Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31(4):241-249. DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004URL [本文引用: 1]
KUCHARIK CJ. Contribution of planting date trends to increased maize yields in the Central United States Agronomy Journal, 2008, 100(2):328-336. DOI:10.2134/agronj2007.0145URL [本文引用: 1]
ZHANG PL, GUO TW, LIU XW, LI ST, ZENGJ, TAN XL, DONGB. Effect of plant density and nitrogen application rate on yield, nitrogen and water use efficiencies of spring maize under whole plastic-film mulching and double-furrow sowing Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4):579-590. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHANG DM, ZHANGW, CHENQ, HUANG XF, JIANG CX, HAN YL, LIU EK, CHI BL. Effects of planting density on plant traits and water consumption characteristics of dryland maize Journal of Maize Sciences, 2014, 22(4):102-108. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
FAN TL, LI YP, LI SZ, LIU SX, WANG SY, MA MS. Grain yield and water use efficiency and soil water changes of dryland corn with film mulching and close planting Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(19):3721-3732. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHAI ZF, ZHAO YZ, JINGM, ZHANG JH, LU YM. Evapotranspiration characteristics of spring maize under film and straw mulch Chinese Journal ofEco-Agriculture, 2010, 18(1):62-66. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
WANG YP, LI XG, ZHUJ, FAN CY, KONG XJ, TURNER NC, SIDDIQUE K HM, LI FM. Multi-site assessment of the effects of plastic-film mulch on dryland maize productivity in semiarid areas in China Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, 220:160-169. DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.142URL [本文引用: 1]
ZHAOC, CHEN GP, CHAIQ, YINW, LIUC. Soil moisture and economic benefits of maize field by 2 years plastic film mulching under different irrigation levels Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2017, 35(3):1-6. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 3]
CHAIQ, GAN YT, TURNER NC, ZHANG RZ, YANGC, NIU YN, SIDDIQUE K HM. Water-saving innovations in Chinese agriculture Advances in Agronomy, 2014, 126:149-201. [本文引用: 1]
SUN HY, LIU CM, ZHANG YQ, ZHANG XY. Study on soil evaporation by using micro-lysimeter Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 35(8):114-118. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHAO YL, XUE ZW, GUO HB, MU XY, LI CH. Effects of tillage and straw returning on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(17):3359-3371. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HU FL, CHAIQ, GAN YT, YINW, ZHAOC, FENG FX. Characteristics of soil carbon emission and water utilization in wheat/ maize intercropping with minimal/zero tillage and straw retention Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(1):120-131. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
YINW, CHEN GP, CHAIQ, ZHAOC, FENG FX, YU AZ, HU FL, GUOY. Responses of soil water and temperature to previous wheat straw treatments in plastic film mulching maize field at Hexi corridor Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(15):2898-2908. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
CAI LJ, ZHAOC, FENG FX, YU AZ, LIUC, CHAIQ. Effects of plastic film mulching for two years and irrigation amount on water use efficiency of maize-pea intercropping system Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2018, 53(1):29-34, 41. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
LIU QR, LANGK, ZHAO DD, SHEN JY, LI QQ, HAN HF. Effects of straw mulching and plant density on water utilization of summer maize Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2013, 31(12):1089-1094. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
WANG XB, HOU HP, ZHOU BY, SUN XF, MAW, ZHAOM. Effect of strip subsoiling on population root spatial distribution of maize under different planting densities Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(12):2136-2148. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
TENG YY, ZHAOC, CHAIQ, HU FL, FENG FX. Effects of postponing nitrogen topdressing on water use characteristics of maize-pea intercropping system Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(3):446-455. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZHANG HL, CHENF, QIN YD, ZHU WS. Water consumption characteristics for summer corn under no-tillage with mulch Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2002, 18(2):36-40. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
WANGJ, CAI HJ, KANG YX, CHENF. Ratio of soil evaporation to the evapotranspiration for summer maize field Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007, 23(4):17-22. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HAUGGAARD-NIELSENH, ANDERSEN MK, JORNSGAARDB, JENSEN ES. Density and relative frequency effects on competitive interactions and resource use in pea-barley intercrops Field Crops Research, 2006, 95(2/3):256-267. DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.03.003URL [本文引用: 1]
LI HS, SONG JM, LIU AF, CHENG DG, WANG XZ, DU CL, ZHAO ZD, LIU JJ. Effect of sowing time and planting density on yield and components of ‘Jimai22’ with super-high yield Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(5):243-248. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
SANGOIL, GRACIETTI MA, RAMPAZZOC, BIANCHETTIP. Response of Brazilian maize hybrids from different eras to changes in plant density Field Crops Research, 2002, 79(1):39-51. DOI:10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00124-7URL [本文引用: 1]
DONG KJ, YANG TY, HE JH, REN RY, ZHANGL. Effects of different film mulching and planting patterns on growth and development of millet in dry-farming area of northwest China Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2013, 31(1):36-40. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
LIR, CUI RM, JIA ZK, HAN QF, LU WT, HOU XQ. Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16):3312-3322. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]