Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust and Molecular Detection of Resistance Gene(s) in 243 Common Wheat Landraces from the Yunnan Province
XI Ling,1, WANG YuQi1, YANG Xiu1, ZHU Wei1, CHEN GuoYue1, WANG Yi1, QIN Peng2, ZHOU YongHong1, KANG HouYang,11Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130 2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
摘要 【目的】小麦条锈病由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis. f. sp. tritici,Pst)引起的气传性真菌病害,是世界范围内最具破坏性的小麦病害之一。发掘抗病资源和培育抗病品种是防治条锈病最经济有效的措施。通过鉴定和评价云南小麦地方品种对中国当前流行的条锈菌生理小种的抗性水平,综合分析可能携带的抗条锈病基因,为小麦抗病育种提供理论依据。【方法】利用当前中国小麦生产上毒性强、流行频率高的条锈菌生理小种CYR32和CYR34对243份云南小麦地方品种进行苗期抗病性鉴定,成株期使用CYR32、CYR33、CYR34和贵农致病类群等混合生理小种进行抗性鉴定,并利用小麦生产上重要抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67、Yr80和Yr81的紧密连锁标记对供试材料进行分子检测。【结果】在243份小麦材料中,18份种质对CYR32表现苗期抗性,32份种质对CYR34表现苗期抗性,对CYR32和CYR34均表现苗期抗病的有8份,占3.29%。结合苗期和成株期抗性鉴定,174份地方种质表现为稳定的成株期抗性,占71.6%,其中105份种质高抗条锈病。分子检测结果显示,携带Yr10、Yr18、Yr29、Yr30、Yr65和Yr81抗性基因的材料分别有48、44、4、6、4和101份。同时携带2、3和4个抗性基因的材料各有34、4和1份。所有供试材料均未检测到Yr5、Yr15、Yr26、Yr28、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr67和Yr80。此外,74份地方种质未检测到以上所有抗性基因,其中58份具有成株期抗性,可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。【结论】云南小麦地方品种作为中国特有的小麦种质资源,具有优良的条锈病抗性。243份供试小麦品种对当前条锈菌流行小种抗性水平整体偏高,筛选得到174份具有稳定抗性的地方种质,同时有74份可能携带其他已知或未知的抗性基因,可作为进一步挖掘抗条锈病新基因或QTL的亲本来源。 关键词:小麦地方品种;条锈病;抗病鉴定;分子标记;Yr
Abstract 【Objective】As one of the most destructive wheat diseases in the world, stripe rust is an airborne fungal disease caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis. f. sp. Tritici, (Pst). Breeding resistant cultivars by exploiting resistant genetic resources is the most economical and effective strategy to combat the rusts. To provide theoretical basis for the management of wheat stripe rust by identifying and evaluating the resistance level of Yunnan wheat landraces to the current predominant races of the pathogen, and synthetically screened resistance genes that may be carried in the tested materials. 【Method】In this study, 243 wheat landraces originated from Yunnan were inoculated with two highly toxic and prevalent stripe rust races CYR32 and CYR34 at seedling stage. At the adult plant stage of wheat, the mixture of the current predominant races of CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and Guinong Pathogenic group was used as the inoculums to test the resistance of the tested wheat. The wheat landraces were screened with the molecular markers closely linked to known stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr36, Yr39, Yr41, Yr48, Yr65, Yr67, Yr80, and Yr81.【Result】The results showed that the 243 of the tested wheat materials, of which 18 were resistant to CYR32, 32 resistant to CYR34, and only 8 (3.29%) were resistant to both races at the seedling stage. Based on identification results of the seedling stage and the adult plant stage, 174 (71.6%) exhibited adult plant resistance, of which 105 were high resistance to stripe rust. The results of molecular detection indicated that 48, 44, 4, 6, 4, and 101 out of the 243 tested wheat materials carried the resistance genes Yr10, Yr18, Yr29, Yr30, Yr65, and Yr81, respectively. There were 34, 4 and, 1 simultaneously carrying 2, 3, and 4 resistance genes, respectively. Yr5, Yr15, Yr26, Yr28, Yr36, Yr39, Yr41, Yr48, Yr67, and Yr80 were not detectable in all of the wheat landraces. In addition, 74 landraces not detected any of the 16 resistance genes mentioned the above, and 58 exhibited adult plant resistance, which, presumably, may carry other known or new resistance genes to wheat stripe rust.【Conclusion】As a special wheat germplasm resource in China, Yunnan wheat landraces have excellent resistance to stripe rust. This study determined that resistance of the 243 tested wheat landraces to the current predominant races of the pathogen was high on the whole, and 174 wheat landraces with stable resistance were identified. Among them, 74 lines might carry other known or new resistance genes to wheat stripe rust, which could be used as parents’ sources for further exploration of new stripe rust resistance genes or QTL. Keywords:wheat landraces;stripe rust;resistance identification;molecular markers;Yr
PDF (554KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 习玲, 王昱琦, 杨修, 朱微, 陈国跃, 王益, 覃鹏, 周永红, 康厚扬. 243份云南普通小麦地方品种抗条锈病鉴定及分子标记检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(4): 684-695 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.002 XI Ling, WANG YuQi, YANG Xiu, ZHU Wei, CHEN GuoYue, WANG Yi, QIN Peng, ZHOU YongHong, KANG HouYang. Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust and Molecular Detection of Resistance Gene(s) in 243 Common Wheat Landraces from the Yunnan Province[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 684-695 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.002
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0 引言
【研究意义】小麦是世界范围内广泛种植的三大粮食作物之一,是35%以上人口的主粮,每年在不同的地理区域种植面积约为2亿hm2[1]。小麦条锈病是由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Pst)引起的气传性真菌病害,具有波及范围广、危害面积大、破坏性强等特点,条诱病发生后主要危害其叶片,严重时可危害叶鞘,甚至是穗部,它是现代冬季谷物生产中最具破坏性的植物病害之一[2]。条锈菌较高的繁殖率和长距离传播,使其危害范围覆盖西北、华北、西南、黄淮海及长江中下游等地区;使小麦每年减产10%—70%,严重年份甚至绝收。由于病原体的快速进化和新的毒力Pst小种的出现,常常导致抗病品种丧失抗性,发掘抗病资源和培育推广抗病品种被认为是防止条锈病危害、确保小麦高产稳产最具成本效益和生态可持续的方法[3]。2009年起源于甘肃南部和四川成都地区的条锈病致病类型CYR34,近年来出现频率升高,使目前育种中广为利用的重要抗源贵农22丧失抗性,抗条锈病基因Yr10、Yr24、Yr26相继失效,给条锈病防治工作带来新的挑战[4]。截至目前,虽然已有83个(Yr1—Yr83)小麦抗条锈病基因被正式命名,300多个暂命名基因或QTL被报道,但仍然面临着许多矛盾,例如毒力Pst小种变异频率高,抗性品种培育速度慢,抗性基因发掘较多但运用到小麦育种中的却很少[5]。因此,要实现抗条锈病基因的高效利用就要明确小麦中抗性基因的分布情况。【前人研究进展】随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,基于DNA多态性的分子标记是目前定位小麦抗性基因应用最广泛的,包括SSR、STS、CAPS、KASP等[6]。通过寻找与抗病基因紧密连锁的分子标记,能够直接或间接地鉴定抗病基因在小麦中的分布;同时,利用分子标记辅助选择技术聚合多个抗病基因是培育持久抗性小麦品种的重要手段,可有效提高抗病育种的使用年限[7]。小麦地方品种又称农家品种,是人类在长期的栽培过程中适应特定环境、在遗传上保持相对稳定的作物复合群。具有早熟、对生物和非生物胁迫的高度亲和性、对各种生态条件的适应性等特点,作为一级基因源,拥有丰富的遗传多样性,尤其在抗病性、抗逆性和抗虫性上表现突出,已成为小麦育种中最重要的遗传资源之一[8,9]。近年来,利用表型鉴定结合分子标记技术加快了对中国小麦地方种质较为系统的条锈病抗性评价与鉴定。韩德俊等[10]利用分子标记在中国小麦地方品种和国外种质中鉴定得到了8份全生育期抗性材料和42份成株期抗性材料。张二喜等[11]对142份国内小麦地方品种资源进行条锈病抗性鉴定,筛选出24份抗条锈病的种质资源。蔺瑞明等[12]对684份农家品种进行苗期和成株期的抗性鉴定,得到117份成株期抗性和42份全生育期抗性材料,进一步丰富了中国抗条锈病资源库。ZHENG等[13]利用分子标记检测36个抗条锈病基因在170份中国小麦地方品种中的分布情况,携带Yr10和Yr18的材料分别占38.82%和59.41%;在田间条件下,发现Yr15和Yr65等基因具有较强的抗性,在Yr9+Yr18和Yr30+Yr46的基因组合中也观察到了显著的加性效应。YE等[14]在79份四川小麦地方品种中鉴定了12份高抗条锈病的材料,定位到2个新的抗病QTL。管方念等[15]发现黄淮海麦区小麦地方品种中35份种质表现出稳定的成株期抗性,该麦区主要携带Yr18和Yr81抗性基因。截至目前,在小麦地方品种中已发现多个正式命名的抗条锈病基因,如Yr10、Yr18、Yr46、Yr65、Yr80和Yr81等[16,17,18,19,20,21]。【本研究切入点】云南省地处亚热带,地势、气候及耕作制度多样,品种资源十分丰富。云南小麦地方品种作为中国特有的小麦类型,主要包括普通小麦、圆锥小麦、密穗小麦、硬粒小麦4个种及云南小麦一个亚种,具有丰富的遗传多样性,适应性好,结实率高,粒小质硬等特点[22,23]。前人对于云南小麦地方品种抗条锈病鉴定和抗性基因发掘的系统研究相对较少。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究利用分布于云南省15个市州的243份小麦地方品种进行苗期和成株期抗性鉴定,结合15个已知抗条锈病基因分子检测,分析云南小麦地方品种对条锈病优势生理小种的整体抗性,明确已知抗性基因在云南小麦地方品种中的分布情况,为小麦条锈病抗性品种改良及抗病基因的有效利用和合理布局提供理论依据,也为西南麦区抗病育种提供新抗源。
:携带Yr81:云0190、云0191、云0192、云0193、云0194、云0202、云0203、云0208; :未携带Yr81:云0188、云0206、云0218、云0221、云0224、云0228、云0254、云0255; :杂合:云0196、云0207、云0209、云0226、云0227、云0235、云0236、云0237; :空白对照:H2O Fig. 2Detection results of real-time PCR by using the marker KASP_3077 linked to the stripe rust resistance gene Yr81 in part of wheat landraces from the Yunnan province
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