Optimization of Solid State Fermentation for Rapeseed Meal with Mixed Strains
WU ZhengKe, LIU GuoHua,, LI Yang, ZHENG AiJuan, CHANG WenHuan, CHEN ZhiMin, CAI HuiYiFeed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Beijing 100081
Abstract 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to optimize the solid state fermentation conditions for rapeseed meal with mixed strains and to improve the feeding value of rapeseed meal. It would provide a reference for the application of fermented rapeseed meal in animal husbandry in China.【Method】The rapeseed meal used in this study was conventional rapeseed meal. Three strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used, and the glucosinolates degradation rate (X%), total acid increase rate (Y%), polypeptide increase rate (Z%) were used as evaluation indexes. Method M was used as the comprehensive evaluation index (M=0.7*X+0.15*Y+0.15*Z). In the experiment one, the effects of different strains addition levels and the best mixed ratio of the three strains in fermented rapeseed meal were investigated through L9 (3 4) three-factors and three-levels orthogonal array design methods. Based on the result of experiment one, an L16 (4 5) four-factors and four-levels of orthogonal array design experiment was designed to explore the optimal conditions of mixed strains solid state fermentation of rapeseed meal, and the fermentation temperature, feed water ratio, time, and inoculation quantity were selected as experimental factors. 【Result】The results showed as follow: (1) L9 (3 4) orthogonal array design showed that the optimal mixed strains ratio of fermented rapeseed meal were Lactobacillus acidophilus : Bacillus subtilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae = 1:3:2. Under these condition, the contents of glucosinolates was degraded by 23.5%, the total acid and polypeptide increase rate were 179.2% and 375.0%, respectively. (2) Based on the result of experiment one, the range analysis of experiment two showed that the optimal conditions of mixed strains solid state fermentation of rapeseed meal were as follows: fermentation temperature was 33 °C, feed water ratio was 1:1, time was 84h and inoculation quantity was 6%. The pilot test of this conditions showed that the contents of glucosinolates was degraded by 48.8%, the total acid increase rate was 499.7%, the polypeptide increase rate was 148.4%, and the total change rate M was 131.4%. The results were in line with our expectation. The lowest total change rate M was noted when the temperature was 31 °C, and the total change rate M in temperature 33 °C was higher than 35 °C and 37 °C, but the difference between groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The higher M was also noted when feed water ratio was 1:1.0 and fermentation time was 84h. No significant differences in M were observed between conditions in different levels of inoculation quantity. (3) The fermentation of rapeseed meal by mixed strains also increased the content of CP (37.05% vs. 40.90%) and decreased the concentration of crude fiber (17.47% vs. 16.72%). The amino acid composition of rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal showed that fermentation increased the content of several amino acids in rapeseed meal, especially Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, and Lys. The greatest change caused by fermentation was for glucosinolates, which decreased from 36.08 μmol·g -1 to 18.48 μmol·g -1. The fermentation of rapeseed meal increased the content of polypeptides (from 0.84% to 2.09%) and increased the content of total acid (from 1.01% to 6.05%) compared to unfermented rapeseed meal. The concentration of crude fat was similar in rapeseed meal and FRSM (4.31% and 4.39%).【Conclusion】The optimal fermentation conditions could effectively degrade the glucosinolates and increase the content of polypeptide and total acid in rapeseed meal, so the nutritional value of rapeseed meal was significantly improved. Keywords:rapeseed meal;mixed strains;solid state fermentation;orthogonal design
PDF (520KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 吴正可, 刘国华, 李阳, 郑爱娟, 常文环, 陈志敏, 蔡辉益. 混菌固态发酵菜籽粕工艺优化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(24): 4603-4612 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.014 WU ZhengKe, LIU GuoHua, LI Yang, ZHENG AiJuan, CHANG WenHuan, CHEN ZhiMin, CAI HuiYi. Optimization of Solid State Fermentation for Rapeseed Meal with Mixed Strains[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4603-4612 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.014
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