Investigation on the Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Methicillin-Resistant MLSB from Food Animals in Six Provinces of China
LI ShuMin1, FANG LiangXing1, LI Liang2, ZHAO Meng1, LU Xiao1, GU WeiQi1, LIAO XiaoPing1, SUN Jian1, XIONG YanQiong2, LIU YaHong,11 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 2 LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
Received:2018-05-17Accepted:2019-03-6Online:2019-05-01 作者简介 About authors 李淑敏,Tel:13424456875;E-mail: 2297454328@qq.com。
摘要 【目的】调查中国6个省食品动物源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(livestock-associated methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus,LA-MRSA)对大环内酯类-林可酰胺类-链阳菌素B类(macrolides, lincosamides and type B streptogramin, MLSB)抗生素的耐药情况及MLSB耐药基因的流行情况。【方法】从广东、河南、河北、福建、山东以及湖南等6省采集的食品动物源(猪、鸡以及鸭)样品约6 500份,分离金黄色葡萄球菌,通过苯唑西林药物敏感性测定和mecA,mecC基因检测鉴定MRSA菌株。采用二倍琼脂稀释法和微量肉汤稀释法测定LA-MRSA菌株对MLSB以及其他常见的10种抗菌药物的敏感性,采用PCR方法检测MLSB耐药基因(ermA-C和ereA-B)以及其他16种常见耐药基因。【结果】6 500份动物源样品中分离出480株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中101株为LA-MRSA,LA-MRSA分离率为1.54%(101/6500),金黄色葡萄萄球菌中LA-MRSA检出率达21.04%(101/480)。LA-MRSA菌株对MLSB类抗生素呈现高度耐药的情况,耐药率高达99.00%以上,对其他常见的抗菌药物氟苯尼考、四环素、头孢噻肟以及庆大霉素等抗菌药物也均呈现高度耐药,耐药率为94.00%—99.00%。MLSB耐药基因检测结果显示,ermC的检出率最高,为100.00%;其次是ereB,为79.20%,接着是ermA和ereA,检出率分别为45.54%和40.59%,而ermB的检出率最低,为11.88%。其他耐药基因的检测结果显示fexA、tetL、aadA1、aph(4’)-Ia的检出率较高,分别是92.10%、97.02%、97.29%和83.17%;其次是tet(M),检出率为71.29%;而aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-Ic、 aph(3’)-II、aph(3’)-IV、optrA、tet(A)、tet(C)的检出率相对较低,分别是49.50%、46.53%、39.60%、37.62%、33.67%、29.70%和20.79%;接着检出率更低的是cfr、tet(K)、lnuA以及lnuF,分别为17.82%、14.85%、5.94%和3.96%。进一步分析LA-MRSA菌株中MLSB耐药基因检出个数与对受试抗菌药物的耐药数目之间的关系,发现随着动物源MRSA菌株对受试抗菌药物的耐药数目增加时,菌株中MLSB耐药基因检出个数也在增加。【结论】动物源MRSA菌株对MLSB高度耐药,其与菌株中ermC基因的高检出率一致,并且LA-MRSA菌株多重耐药情况严重,这与MLSB耐药基因检出个数以及其他耐药基因的高检出率密切相关。因此,养殖场中MLSB类药物使用应规范使用,以减少动物源MRSA菌株的多重耐药性。 关键词:食品动物源;LA-MRSA;MLSB;erm;多重耐药
Abstract 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLSB) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food animals in China. 【Method】Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from about 6 500 samples of pig, chicken and duck origins among six different provinces, including Guangdong, Henan, Hebei, Fujian and so on, in China. LA-MRSA was confirmed from staphylococcus aureus through detecting the susceptibility of oxacillin and the presence of mecA and mecC genes. Susceptibility test of LA-MRSA resistant to MLSB and other common antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method and microdilution broth method. And the MLSB resistance genes (ermA-C and ereA-B) and other common resistant genes were detected by PCR. 【Result】Four hundred and eighty Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 101 LA-MRSA isolates were found among about 6 500 samples, and the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus and the detection rate of LA-MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 1.54% (101/6500) and 21.04% (101/480), respectively. Susceptibility test showed high resistance rate of LA-MRSA to MLSB was found with over 99.00% among LA-MRSA isolates. High resistance rate to other common antibiotics was also found among LA-MRSA, including florfenicol, tetracycline, cefotaxime and gentamycin with the resistance rates of 99.01%, 96.39%, 96.39%, 96.39% and 94.05%, respectively. MLSB resistance genes detection showed that ermC was found in all LA-MRSA isolates, followed by ereB (79.20%), ermA (45.54%) and ereA (40.59%), while, ermB was present with a low detection rate (11.88%). Other drug-resistant genes test results showed that fexA, tetL, aadA1, aph (4') - Ia detection rate was higher, which was 92.10%, 97.02%, 97.29% and 83.17%, respectively; secondly, tet (M), the detection rate was 71.29%; the detection rate of aac (6') - Ib, aac (3') - Ic, aph (3') -II, aph (3') -IV, optrA, tet (A) and tet (C) was relatively low, which was 49.50%, 46.53%, 39.60%, 37.62%, 33.67%, 29.70% and 20.79%, respectively; the detection rate of cfr, tet (K), lnuA and lnuF was the lowest, which was 17.82%, 14.85%, 5.94% and 3.96%, respectively. The relationship of the number of MLSB resistance genes and the number of resistance to antibiotics was further analyzed, which indicated the increased number of resistance to antibiotics was corresponding with the increased number of MLSB resistance genes and high detection rate of other resistant genes among the LA-MRSA isolates. 【Conclusion】In conclusion, in this study, a high resistance to MLSB was found and it was consistent to the high detection rate of ermC gene among LA-MRSA isolates. The multi-drug resistance of LA-MRSA isolates was serious and this was closely related to the number of MLSB resistance genes. Therefore, it is urgently needed to take action in the rational use of antibiotics, as to reducing the emergence of multi-drug resistance LA-MRSA. Keywords:food animal;LA-MRSA;MLSB;erm;multidrug resistance
PDF (462KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 李淑敏, 方亮星, 李亮, 赵孟, 陆肖, 古伟琪, 廖晓萍, 孙坚, 熊雁琼, 刘雅红. 食品动物源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌MLSB类 抗生素耐药性调查[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(9): 1646-1656 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.015 LI ShuMin, FANG LiangXing, LI Liang, ZHAO Meng, LU Xiao, GU WeiQi, LIAO XiaoPing, SUN Jian, XIONG YanQiong, LIU YaHong. Investigation on the Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Methicillin-Resistant MLSB from Food Animals in Six Provinces of China[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1646-1656 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.015
0 引言
【研究意义】抗生素是一种很重要并且被广泛使用的药物,它能够杀灭或是抑制细菌生长,从而避免或克服了许多由于细菌感染疾病的发生;然而随着抗生素的大量使用以及滥用导致各种各样细菌对抗生素产生了严重的耐药性问题,威胁到全球的公共卫生,最终产生的多重耐药细菌成为了病人死亡率增高的一个因素[1]。比如本文讨论的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)菌株,它在人医临床上相比艾滋病、帕金森病或是他杀引起更多人的死亡[2]。因此,细菌对抗生素的耐药性成为当今世界的研究热点,由于细菌的快速繁殖以及食物链的考虑,科研工作者不仅仅研究医院内分离得到的MRSA菌株,还开始研究社区内以及动物源上分离得到的MRSA菌株的耐药性。因而,细菌的耐药性机制研究是降低生物死亡率的一个重要研究途径。【前人研究进展】金黄色葡萄球菌是人医和兽医临床上重要病原菌,它是导致皮肤和皮肤组织感染、血管感染、肺部、脓毒性关节炎、心内膜炎、骨髓炎等疾病的感染以及败血症的条件致病菌[3];随着抗生素-青霉素制剂开始应用于人类疾病治疗,越来越多的抗生素被发现和应用于抗疾病感染。由于抗生素广泛使用、甚至滥用,开始出现了如甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、万古霉素耐药/中介耐药金葡菌(VRSA/VISA)等“超级细菌”,这些“超级细菌”在世界各地的不同医院、社区甚至动物养殖场内广泛传播,对公共卫生构成巨大威胁[4]。1961年,JEVONS在英国医院内首次发现MRSA菌株[5],在1960年代到1970年代期间,欧洲许多国家中也纷纷报道MRSA菌株,大部分局限在医院内的菌株爆发,至80年代后期,MRSA菌株已经成为一种世界普遍传播的病原菌[6]。随着MRSA在人医临床的出现越来越普遍,对人类健康的危害也渐渐引起关注。因此人们对MRSA的研究也越来越多,不仅针对人医临床,也开始从环境源,动物源等入手[4]:上世纪70年代,科学家DEVRIESE等人首次在牛乳房炎中检测出MRSA,其被称为与家畜有关的耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(livestock-associated MRSA,LA-MRSA)[7,8]。由于养殖业中抗生素的大量广泛使用,甚至滥用,LA-MRSA逐渐在世界范围内的许多动物种类中被发现,遍及猪、鸡、牛等动物身上[8,9,10,11],并且呈现多重耐药的情况。大环内酯类-林可胺类-链阳菌素B类(macrolides,lincosamides and type B streptogramin,MLSB)药物最开始是应用于葡萄球菌的感染治疗,随着其大量的使用和滥用导致耐药率不断的增高,该现象在人医临床上普遍的存在[12];在动物源上,MRSA菌株中的耐药现象也越来越普遍,其耐药程度越来越高[13,14]。MLSB这三类药物在化学结构上是不同的,但是,通过核糖体靶位修饰可导致这三类抗菌药物同时耐药[15,16]。erm是典型的介导MRSA菌株对MLSB耐药的基因,主要是通过编码rRNA甲基转移酶进而修饰23S rRNA的甲基化来介导耐药[17,18]。【本研究切入点】目前,以erm基因介导的LA-MRSA的耐药调查是比较少的,并且大都是在意大利、瑞典以及德国等地[19,20,21],而erm在我国食品动物源MRSA菌株中的流行率及其与MLSB耐药关系还未见系统和全面的研究报道。【拟解决的关键问题】通过对猪、鸡以及鸭源MRSA菌株中的MLSB的耐药性调查以及耐药基因的检测,分析动物源MRSA菌株对MLSB的耐药表型及基因型之间的相关性,从而为MLSB抗生素的合理使用提供理论基础。
DEURENBERGR H, VINKC, KALENICS, FRIEDRICHA W, BRUGGEMANC A, STOBBERINGHE E, STOBBERINGHE E . The molecular evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , 2007,13(3):222-235. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01573.xURL [本文引用: 2]
DESOUSA A, DELENCASTRE M H . Evolution of sporadic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in hospitals and their similarities to isolates of community-acquired MRSA , 2003,41(8):3806-3815. [本文引用: 1]
ENRIGHTM C, ROBINSOND A, RANDLEG, FEILE J, GRUNDMANNH, SPRATTB G . The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) , 2002, 99(11):7687-7692. [本文引用: 1]
DENEELING A J, VANDEN BROEK M J, SPALBURGE C, VANSANTEN-VERHEUVEL M G, DAM-DEISZW D, BOSHUIZENH C, VANDE GIESSEN A W, VANDUIJKEREN E, HUIJSDENSX W . High prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs , 2007,122(3-4):366-372. [本文引用: 1]
FRANAT S, BEAHMA R, HANSONB M, KINYONJ M, LAYMANL L, KARRIKERL A, RAMIREZA, SMITHT C . Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pork farms and visiting veterinary students , 2013, 8(1):e53738. [本文引用: 2]
VANDUIJKEREN E, HENGEVELDP D, ALBERSM, PLUISTERG, JACOBSP, HERESL, VANDE GIESSEN A W . Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecA or mecC in dairy cattle , 2014,171(3/4):364-367. [本文引用: 1]
WULFM, vanNES A, EIKELENBOOM-BOSKAMPA, deVRIES J, MELCHERSW, KLAASSENC, VOSSA . Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary doctors and students, the Netherlands , 2006,12(12):1939-1941. [本文引用: 1]
WULFM, vanNES A, EIKELENBOOM-BOSKAMPA, deVRIES J, MELCHERSW, KLAASSENC, VOSSA . Inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci isolated from clinical samples , 2005, 58(2):104-106. [本文引用: 1]
LOY P, WANM T, CHENM M, SUH Y, LAUDERDALET L, CHOUC C . Molecular characterization and clonal genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of pig origin in Taiwan , 2012, 35(6):513-521. [本文引用: 1]
WANT W, TOMITAY, SAITAN, KONNOK, IWAOY, HUNGW C, TENGL J, YAMAMOTOT . Emerging ST121/agr4 community- associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) with strong adhesin and cytolytic activities: trigger for MRSA pneumonia and fatal aspiration pneumonia in an influenza-infected elderly , 2016, 13:17-21. [本文引用: 1]
daPAZ PEREIRA J N, RABELOM A, daCOSTA LIMA J L, NETOA M B, deSOUZA LOPES A C, MACIELM A V, . Phenotypic and molecular characterization of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and type B streptogramin of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp.of a university hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil , 2016, 20(3):276-281. [本文引用: 1]
SZEMRAJM, KWASZEWSKAA, PAWLAKR, SZEWCZYKE M . Macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance in lipophilic Corynebacteria inhabiting healthy human skin , 2014, 20(5):404-409. [本文引用: 1]
MISICM, CUKICJ, VIDANOVICD, SEKLERM, MATICS, VUKASINOVICM, BASKICD . Prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance of staphylococci to macrolides and lincosamides in serbia , 2017,5:200. [本文引用: 1]
MIYAHIRAR F, SANTOSE A, LEAOR S, DEFREITAS- ALMEIDA A C, QUEIROZM L . Antimicrobial susceptibility and enterotoxin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from kitchen equipment from a university hospital in rio de janeiro, Brazil , 2018,24(7):995-1001. [本文引用: 1]
FELTRINF, ALBAP, KRAUSHAARB, IANZANOA, ARGUDINM A, DIMATTEO P, PORREROM C, AARESTRUPF M, BUTAYEP, FRANCOA, BATTISTIA . A livestock-associated, multidrug- resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 97 lineage spreading in dairy cattle and pigs in Italy , 2015,82(3):816-821. [本文引用: 1]
CUNYC, LAYERF, KOCKR, WERNERG, WITTEW . Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) of clonal complex cc398, t571 from infections in humans are still rare in Germany , 2013,8(12):e83165. [本文引用: 2]
WETTSTEINROSENKRANZ K, ROTHENANGERE, BRODARDI, COLLAUDA, OVERESCHG, BIGLERB, MARSCHALLJ, PERRETENV . Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) among Swiss veterinary health care providers: detection of livestock- and healthcare-associated clones , 2014,156(7):317-325. [本文引用: 1]
LOUIEL, GOODFELLOWJ, MATHIEUP, GLATTA, LOUIEM, SIMORA E . Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from blood culture bottles by using a multiplex PCR assay . , 2002,40(8):2786-2790. DOI:10.1128/JCM.40.8.2786-2790.2002URL [本文引用: 1]
BECKERK, DENISO, ROISINS, MELLMANNA, IDELEVICHE A, KNAACKD, VANALEN S, KRIEGESKORTEA, KOCKR, SCHAUMBURGF, PETERSG, BALLHAUSENB . Detection of mecA- and mecC-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates by the new xpert MRSA gen 3 pcr assay , 2016,54(1):180-184. [本文引用: 1]
TRIEU-CUOTP, POYART-SALMERONC, CARLIERC, COURVALINP . Nucleotide sequence of the erythromycin resistance gene of the conjugative transposon Tn1545 , 1990, 18(12):3660.
WENDLANDTS, KADLECK, FESSLERA T, VANDUIJKEREN E, SCHWARZS . Two different erm(C)-carrying plasmids in the same methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 isolate from a broiler farm , 2014, 171(3/4):382-387.
SUTCLIFFEJ, GREBET, TAIT-KAMRADTA, WONDRACKL . Detection of erythromycin-resistant determinants by PCR , 1996, 40(11):2562-2566.
DONGD, PENGY, ZHANGL, JIANGC, WANGX, MAOE . Clinical and microbiological characterization of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care hospital in Shanghai, China , 2014, 127(9):1601-1607. [本文引用: 2]
SILVEIRAA C, CUNHAG R, CAIERAOJ, CORDOVAC M, D'AZEVEDOP A . Molecular epidemiology of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in Brazil , 2015, 19(5):466-472.
ZHANGC, ZHANGZ, SONGL, FANX, WENF, XUS, NINGY . Antimicrobial resistance profile and genotypic characteristics of streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolated from clinical carrier sows and diseased pigs in China , 2015,2015:284303. [本文引用: 2]
CHENX, SUNK, DONGD, LUOQ, PENGY, CHENF . Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from newly admitted inpatients , 2016, 36(3):250-254. [本文引用: 1]
ZHANGY J, CHENY S, WANGZ W, LIY Q, WANGD X, SHANGY, FUR R, HUY H, GENGR, WEIL P, YANGJ P, LIJ S, YUQ, DUJ, GAOZ C . Serological and molecular capsular typing, antibiotic susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from invasive and non-invasive infections , 2013, 126(12):2296-2303. [本文引用: 1]
HOJ, O'DONOGHUEM, GUARDABASSIL, MOODLEYA, BOOSTM . Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pig carcasses in Hong Kong , 2012,59(6):416-423. [本文引用: 1]
LIUH, LIS, MENGL, DONGL, ZHAOS, LANX, WANGJ, ZHENGN . Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy herds in northern China , 2017,100(11):8796-8803. [本文引用: 1]
WANGJ, LIND C, GUOX M, WEIH K, LIUX Q, CHENX J, GUOJ Y, ZENGZ L, LIUJ H . Distribution of the multidrug resistance gene cfr in staphylococcus isolates from pigs, workers, and the environment of a hog market and a slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China , 2015, 12(7):598-605. [本文引用: 1]
BOSCHT, VERKADEE, VANLUIT M, LANDMANF, KLUYTMANSJ, SCHOULSL M . Transmission and persistence of livestock- associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among veterinarians and their household members , 2015,81(1):124-129. [本文引用: 1]
RODRIGUEZ-LAZAROD, ONICIUCE A, GARCIAP G, GALLEGOD, FERNANDEZ-NATALI, DOMINGUEZ-GILM, EIROS-BOUZAJ M, WAGNERM, NICOLAUA I, HERNANDEZM . Detection and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in foods confiscated in EU borders , 2017,8:1344. [本文引用: 1]
KONGH S, XUG Y, LIX F , Detection of multiple drug resistance genes in MRSA Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2005, 28(10):1027-1028. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
SHENJ, WANGY, SCHWARZS . Presence and dissemination of the multiresistance gene cfr in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria , 2013, 68(8):1697-1706. [本文引用: 1]
NETOA E D, PEREIRAR F A, SNYDERR E, MACHADOT S, ANDREL S P, CARDOSOC A A, AGUIAR-ALVESF . Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex 398 with no livestock association in Brazil , 2017,112(9):647-649. [本文引用: 1]
KLIBIA, JOUINIA, GOMEZP, SLIMENEK, CEBALLOSS, TORRESC, MAAROUFIA . Molecular characterization and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of milk of cows with clinical mastitis in Tunisia , 2018, 24(8):1210-1216. [本文引用: 1]
ROBERTSM C, JOSHIP R, GRENINGERA L, MELENDEZD, PAUDELS, ACHARYAM, BIMALIN K, KOJUN P, NOD, CHALISEM, KYESR C . The human clone ST22 SCCmec IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from swine herds and wild primates in Nepal: is man the common source? , 2018. 94(5).doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiy052. [本文引用: 1]
SCHLUTERA, SZCZEPANOWSKIR, PUHLERA, TOPE M . Genomics of IncP-1 antibiotic resistance plasmids isolated from wastewater treatment plants provides evidence for a widely accessible drug resistance gene pool , 2007, 31(4):449-477. [本文引用: 1]