关键词:棉花; 滴灌模式; 种植密度; 生长参数; 产量 Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Growth and Yield Performance of Cotton in Arid Area NIU Yu-Ping, CHEN Zong-Kui, YANG Lin-Chuan, LUO Hong-Hai*, ZHANG Wang-Feng Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group / Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Fund:This research was supported by the Stake Key Program of Joint Founds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1203283) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2014BB009) AbstractWater shortage is one of the major constraints in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L .) production in north-western China. A field experiment was conducted using high-yielding cotton cultivars Xinluzao 45, with two drip irrigation patterns including conventional drip irrigation (I500) and limited drip irrigation (I425), and three planting densities of 12×104(D12), 24×104(D24), 36×104(D36). Leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), boll growth rate (BGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were determined. The results showed that, compared with I500, I425 postponed getting peak LAI and alleviated the leaf senescence after full boll stage, and increased the NAR from full flowering stage to boll opening stage significantly, which increased IWUE, on the premise of non-significant changes in seed yield. The effects of plant density on growth parameters, dry matter accumulation and yield components depended on irrigation patterns. In the treatment of I500, LAI, CGR, BGR, total dry matter weight (TDW), boll dry matter weight (BDW), boll number per area (BN) and the mass ratio of reproductive organs and vegetative organs were the maximum observed under D24, and the minimum under D12. In the treatment of I425, all of the above parameters significantly increased with increasing planting density, and achieved the maximum under D36. Finally, I425D36 and I500D24 had the highest seed yield resulting from the increase of boll number per area. The seed yield and IWUE had significantly positive correlation with BN and RVR. There was a significantly positive correlation between IWUE and NAR. The reason that I425D36 enhanced the yield is the large crop growth rate, capability of dry matter production, and transportation to successive dry matter to boll from full flowering stage to full boll stage.
Keyword:Cotton; Drip irrigation pattern; Planting density; Growth parameters; Yield Show Figures Show Figures
表6 棉花产量及产量构成与灌溉水分利用效率 Table 6 Yield, yield components and IWUE of cotton
滴灌模式 Irrigation pattern
种植密度 Planting density
籽棉产量 Seed yield (kg hm-2)
灌溉水分利用效率 IWUE (kg hm-2 mm-1)
单位面积铃数 Boll number (× 104 hm-2)
单铃重 Boll weight (g)
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
常规滴灌I500
低密度D12
5118.6 b
5641.1 c
10.2 e
11.2 d
102.2 c
102.2 cd
5.0
5.5
中密度D24
5834.3 a
6304.0 a
11.6 c
12.5 c
117.3 a
118.5 ab
5.0
5.3
高密度D36
5185.8 b
5821.0 b
10.3 e
11.6 d
108.8 b
112.0 abc
4.8
4.2
有限滴灌I425
低密度D12
4785.4 c
5270.0 d
11.2 d
12.3 c
95.9 d
92.8 d
5.0
5.7
中密度D24
5240.8 b
5576.0 c
12.3 b
13.1 b
104.6 bc
107.0 bc
5.0
5.2
高密度D36
5852.4 a
6455.8 a
13.7 a
15.1 a
120.4 a
122.3 a
4.9
5.3
滴灌模式 Irrigation pattern
常规滴灌I500
5380.0
5922.0
10.7 b
11.8 b
109.4
110.9
4.9
5.3
有限滴灌I425
5292.9
5767.1
12.4 a
13.5 a
107.0
107.5
5.0
5.4
种植密度 Planting density
低密度D12
4952.0 b
5455.4 b
10.7
11.8
99.1 c
97.5 c
5.0
5.6 a
中密度D24
5537.6 a
5940.0 a
12.0
12.8
110.9 a
112.8 a
5.0
5.3 b
高密度D36
5519.1 a
6138.4 a
12.0
13.4
114.6 a
117.1 a
4.8
5.2 b
滴灌模式 Irrigation pattern (I)
ns
ns
14.7
13.3
ns
ns
ns
ns
种植密度 Planting density (D)
6.7
6.5
ns
ns
9.2
8.2
ns
4.5
滴灌模式× 种植密度 I× D
48.5
71.4
101.2
138.4
21.3
6.2
ns
ns
年× 滴灌模式× 种植密度 Y× I× D
6.4
6.6
ns
12.5
Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P = 0.05) according to Duncan’ s multiple range test. “ ns” = non-significant. IWUE: yield and irrigation water use efficiency. 同列中标的相同字母表示Duncan’ s分析中5%水平上没有显著性差异; “ ns” 表示差异不显著。
表6 棉花产量及产量构成与灌溉水分利用效率 Table 6 Yield, yield components and IWUE of cotton
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 棉花产量和灌溉水分利用效率与产量构成、净同化率和生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例的相关系数 Table 7 Correlation coefficients of yield and IWUE with yield components, NAR and RVR
项目 Item
单位面积铃数 Boll number
单铃重 Boll weight
净同化率 NAR
生殖器官与营养器官 质量的比例RVR
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
籽棉产量 Seed yield
0.850* *
0.893* *
0.448
0.067
0.357
0.268
0.615*
0.611* *
灌溉水分利用效率 IWUE
0.577* *
0.516*
-0.034
-0.138
0.615* *
0.548*
0.693* *
0.665* *
表7 棉花产量和灌溉水分利用效率与产量构成、净同化率和生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例的相关系数 Table 7 Correlation coefficients of yield and IWUE with yield components, NAR and RVR
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