\r刘 润，汪嘉钰，别社安\r
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AuthorsHTML:\r刘 润，汪嘉钰，别社安\r
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AuthorsListE:\rLiu Run，Wang Jiayu，Bie She’an\r
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AuthorsHTMLE:\rLiu Run，Wang Jiayu，Bie She’an\r
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Unit:\r天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室，天津 300072\r
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Unit_EngLish:\rState Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China\r
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Abstract_Chinese:\r\r落锚作业是船舶抛锚定位过程的第\r1\r个环节，在落锚过程中，船锚不仅可能直接撞击海底管线造成危害，而且船锚的贯入深度会影响拖锚的运动轨迹，从而间接影响海底结构物的运行安全，可见确定船舶落锚阶段船锚的最终贯入深度十分重要．为此，首先开展一系列小比尺落锚模型试验，分别研究在黏性土和无黏性土中船锚质量和落锚高度对霍尔锚和大抓力锚最终贯入深度的影响，发现贯入深度随船锚质量和落锚高度的增加而呈非线性增加，但增幅不断减缓．然后，结合小比尺模型试验，采用能量法和太沙基极限承载力公式拟合船锚贯入深度的计算公式，并确定式中的经验系数．另外，在小比尺模型试验的基础上，验证船舶落锚的数值模拟方法，并对原型船锚的贯入过程进行分析，讨论贯入过程中船锚姿态变化的过程和规律，以进一步揭示落锚贯入深度与船锚触底动能之间的关系．最后，开展现场船舶落锚试验，对比分析本文公式、\rYoung\r公式、\rDNV\r坠物公式、\rDNV\r落管公式与现场实测数据之间的差异，发现试验结果和本文公式吻合良好，在验证本文公式正确性的同时阐明了其他理论算法的适用条件与局限性．\r\r
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Abstract_English:\r\rDropping anchor is the first step in the process of fixing the position for ship anchoring\r．\rHowever\r，\rdropping anchor can damage the cable directly\r．\rMoreover\r，\rthe anchor penetration depth has an important effect on the trajectory of dragging anchor\r，\rwhich could affect the safety of the operation of the submarine structure\r．\rTo protect the submarine cable\r，\rthe penetration depth needs to be considered in the dropping anchor process\r．\rA series of anchor drop tests were conducted to analyze the influence of anchor mass and drop height on the penetration depth of hall anchor and high holding power anchor in cohesive and non-cohesive soils\r．\rOn basis of the results of the anchor drop test\r，\rthe theoretical formula of penetration depth was established using the energy method and Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity formula\r．\rThe explicit dynamic numerical method was used to simulate the dropping anchor experiment\r．\rThe results of the simulation reveal the relationship between kinetic energy and penetration depth in the dropping anchor process\r．\rThe field test was conducted to determine the penetration depth of the dropping anchor process in actual conditions\r．\rThe results of the field test were compared with the results obtained using the theoretical formula proposed in this study\r，\rYoung’s formula\r，\rDNV falling object formula\r，\rand DNV falling tube formula\r．\rThe accuracy of the theoretical formula proposed in this study has been validated through the field test\r，\rwith the results of the field test consistent with those of the theoretical analysis\r．\rThe applicable conditions and limitations of other theoretical algorithms are illustrated in the end\r．\r\r
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Keyword_Chinese:海底管线；落锚；贯入深度；现场试验\r

Keywords_English:submarine pipeline；dropping anchor；penetration depth；field test\r


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