Abstract 【Objective】 The effects of different fertilization depths of controlled-release urea on nitrogen absorption and utilization were investigated, and then the suitable fertilization depth for achieving high, efficient and stable yield of controlled- release urea in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area was determined.【Method】 Zhengdan958 was selected as the test variety under field conditions, and seven treatments were set, including no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), surface application (DP0), furrow dressing depth of 5 cm (DP5), 10 cm (DP10), 15 cm (DP15), 20 cm (DP20) and 25 cm (DP25). The effects of urea application depth on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization of summer maize were studied systematically.【Result】Under the same amount of controlled-release urea application, the yield of summer maize was significantly affected by fertilization depth. The yield of summer maize increased at first and then decreased with the increase of basal fertilization depth. Moreover, the relationship between maize yield and fertilization depth in the summer of 2013 and 2014 conformed to the quadratic curve and the correlation between them reached a significant level as well. The theoretical fertilization depth that obtained the highest yield was 12.5 cm and 12.2 cm in 2013 and 2014, respectively. While in actual production, the DP15 treatment produced the highest yield with no significant difference between DP15 and DP10 treatment, with a significant increase of 16.72% and 16.50%, separately, compared with CK (P<0.05). Compared with DP0, nitrogen harvest index, partial nitrogen productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen utilization rate of summer maize all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of basal fertilization depth. The agricultural efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer fit the quadratic curve. The nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency were the largest under DP10 treatment in two years, achieving to 61.91% and 6.68 kg·kg-1, respectively, however, the highest nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was 47.27 kg·kg-1 and 46.97% under DP15 treatment, respectively. Compared with DP0, fertilization depth of 10 cm and 15 cm could increase soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content and reduce nitrogen loss. The mean value of nitrogen accumulation after flowering was 38.93% and 41.88% in 2013 and 2014, respectively, which promoted the post-flowering nitrogen accumulation and significantly increased the total nitrogen uptake above-ground by 20.45% and 22.36%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that summer maize yield was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen accumulation, partial nitrogen productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency, and significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen grain production efficiency.【Conclusion】 In nitrogen application rate of 225 kg N·hm-2, controlled release urea one-time basal application depth in 10 to 15 cm could significantly improve nitrogen absorption accumulation of summer maize, increase nitrogen use efficiency, reduce nitrogen loss, improve the dry matter accumulation, eventually obtain higher grain yield. Furthermore, it also realized higher production and efficiency, and could be used as controlled release urea suitable fertilization depth for summer maize sowing and manuring simultaneously. Keywords:summer maize;controlled release urea;base application depth;nitrogen use efficiency;yield
PDF (509KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 丁相鹏, 李广浩, 张吉旺, 刘鹏, 任佰朝, 赵斌. 控释尿素基施深度对夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(21): 4342-4354 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.004 DING XiangPeng, LI GuangHao, ZHANG JiWang, LIU Peng, REN BaiZhao, ZHAO Bin. Effects of Base Application Depths of Controlled Release Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4342-4354 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.004
V6:拔节期,V12:大喇叭口期,R1:吐丝期,R2:灌浆期,R3:乳熟期,R5:蜡熟期,R6:成熟期。下同 Fig. 3Effects of different fertilization depths of controlled release urea on dry matter accumulation of summer maize
V6: Jointing stage; V12: Trumpeting stage; R1: Silking stage; R2: Filling stage; R3: Milking stage; R5: Dough stage; R6: Maturity stage. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2控释尿素不同施肥深度对夏玉米氮肥利用效率的影响 Table 2Effects of different fertilization depths of controlled release urea on nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
氮素收获指数 NHI (kg·kg-1)
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg·kg-1)
氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg·kg-1)
氮肥利用率 NUE (%)
氮素籽粒生产效率 NGPE (kg·kg-1)
2013
CK
0.61a
—
—
—
60.50a
DP0
0.52bc
44.24a
4.67c
27.37c
47.69bc
DP5
0.50c
45.23a
5.67b
36.74b
45.60bc
DP10
0.61a
46.41a
6.85a
43.77a
42.51bc
DP15
0.59ab
46.63a
7.07a
47.15a
41.43c
DP20
0.61a
46.21a
6.65a
42.00a
43.03bc
DP25
0.52bc
43.80a
4.23c
23.10c
49.49b
2014
CK
0.58ab
—
—
—
57.50a
DP0
0.50c
41.40b
4.92c
24.27c
48.11b
DP5
0.55bc
46.32ab
5.74b
34.20b
44.39bc
DP10
0.62a
47.14ab
6.51a
44.70a
41.06c
DP15
0.60ab
47.91a
6.27ab
46.80a
40.13c
DP20
0.55bc
47.67ab
5.83ab
36.90b
43.37bc
DP25
0.48c
45.51ab
4.11d
21.00c
48.94b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份(Y)
NS
**
**
**
**
施肥深度(D)
**
**
**
**
**
年份×施肥深度(Y×D)
NS
**
*
*
NS
NHI:氮素收获指数;NPFP:氮肥偏生产力;NAE:氮肥农学效率;NUE:氮肥利用率;NGPE:氮素籽粒生产效率。下同 NHI: Nitrogen harvest index; NPFP: Nitrogen partial factor productivity; NAE: Nitrogen agronomic efficiency; NUE: Nitrogen use efficiency; NGPE: Nitrogen grain production efficiency. The same as below
Table 3 表3 表3夏玉米产量及其构成因素与干物质总积累量、氮素总积累量和氮素利用效率的相关性 Table 3Correlation of summer maize yield and its components with total dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency
产量 Yield
干物质积累量 Dry accumulation amount
氮素总积累量 Total N accumulation
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP
氮肥农学效率 NAE
氮肥利用率 NUE
氮素籽粒生产效率NGPE
产量 Yield
1
干物质积累量 Dry accumulation amount
0.990**
1
氮素总积累量 Total N accumulation
0.981**
0.993**
1
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP
0.943**
0.896**
0.869*
1
氮肥农学效率 NAE
0.998**
0.990**
0.981**
0.943**
1
氮肥利用率 NUE
0.981**
0.993**
0.998**
0.869*
0.981**
1
氮素籽粒生产效率 NGPE
-0.993**
-0.996**
-0.997**
-0.905**
-.993**
-0.997**
1
*和**分别表示在 0.05 和 0.01 水平显著相关 * and ** indicated a significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
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