摘要/Abstract

放射治疗是利用高能射线抑制癌细胞增殖的治疗方法, 已广泛用于恶性肿瘤的治疗. 但是, 高能射线不可避免地会对机体的正常组织造成损害, 产生放疗相关副作用. 尽管目前有一些小分子放疗防护药物已应用于临床或处于临床前研究, 但其较短的血液循环时间和较快的新陈代谢速度极大地削弱了其防护效果. 近20年来, 随着纳米技术在生物医学领域的飞速发展, 纳米放疗防护剂的出现为提高防护效果提供了新的选择. 通过合理地设计和开发纳米放疗防护剂, 有望解决现有小分子放疗防护药物的缺陷. 鉴于纳米放疗防护剂具有诸多优势, 本Review概述了纳米放疗防护材料的常见设计策略, 同时分析了放射诱导的常见疾病的致病机制和纳米放疗防护材料防治各种放射诱导疾病的研究现状. 最后, 还讨论了纳米材料用于放疗防护所面临的挑战和未来前景.
关键词: 放射治疗, 放射损伤, 纳米材料, 放疗防护
Radiotherapy is a traditional treatment method that utilizes high-energy radiation to inhibit cancer cells and has been widely used in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, high-energy radiation can not only cause damage to tumors, but also cause side effects to normal tissues. Although some small-molecule radioprotection agents have been used in clinics, their short blood circulation time and faster metabolism greatly reduce the protective effects. In the last twenty years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology in biomedicine, radioprotection nano-agents have provided new candidates for improving the protective effect. Rational design of radioprotection nano-agents is demanded to solve the drawbacks of existing small-molecule radioprotection agents. In view of the many advantages of nanomaterials for radioprotection, this review summarized the common design strategies of nanometer radioprotection materials, and analyzed the pathogenic mechanism of common radiation-induced diseases as well as the treatment of various radiation-induced diseases by radioprotection nano-agents. In addition, this review also discussed the challenges and future prospects of nanomaterial-mediated radioprotection during radiotherapy.
Key words: radiotherapy, radiation injury, nanomaterial, radioprotection


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