摘要/Abstract

化石燃料的大量使用造成二氧化碳排放与日俱增和气候严重恶化，为了解决这一问题，科学家们通过各种物理和化学方法来降低大气中二氧化碳的含量，但是效果并不是很明显.金属二氧化碳电池既能够捕捉二氧化碳，还可以作为清洁的储能装置，同时对金属二氧化碳电池的开发与研究也推动着电动汽车产业向更加经济、环保、可持续的方向发展.基于上述优点，金属二氧化碳电池近几年迅速发展.主要介绍了锂、钠、铝、镁二氧化碳电池的研究进展，并对锂、钠二氧化碳/氧气电池的电化学性能进行对比，提出了目前金属二氧化碳电池所面临的问题，并给出了解决方案.最后，评述了金属二氧化碳电池未来的发展方向.
关键词: 金属二氧化碳电池, 电化学性能, 碳转化, 储能, 阴极材料
Due to the heavy use of fossil fuels, the emission of carbon dioxide has been steadily increased and the climate has been deteriorated severely. In order to solve these problems, various physical and chemical methods were used to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but the result is not so effective. Metal carbon dioxide batteries not only can capture carbon dioxide, but also can be used as clean energy storage devices. At the same time, the development and research of metal carbon dioxide batteries also promote the development of the electric vehicle industry towards a more economical, environmentally friendly and sustainable direction. Based on these advantages, metal carbon dioxide battery has developed rapidly in recent years. Li-CO₂ batteries exhibit an extremely high discharge capacity of 17625 mAh/g and a cut-off capacity of 1000 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, running for 100 cycles at low overpotentials. Quasi-solid state Na-CO₂ batteries are non-flammable and have strong electrolyte-locking ability. It can run 400 cycles at 500 mA/g with a fixed capacity of 1000 mAh/g in pure CO₂. Its electrochemical performance has the potential to be further improved. Al-CO₂ battery has good application prospects and economic benefits due to the low cost of Al as well as great economic value of the sodium aluminate as discharge product. Mg-CO₂ battery shows a discharge voltage plateau of 0.9 V when the volume ratio of CO₂/O₂ is 1:1, which is higher than that of pure O₂. This paper mainly introduces the research progress of metal (lithium, sodium, aluminum, and magnesium) carbon dioxide battery, and compares the electrochemical performance of metal (lithium, sodium) carbon dioxide battery with metal (lithium, sodium) oxygen battery, puts forward the current problems of metal carbon dioxide batteries, and provides the solutions. Finally, the future development of metal carbon dioxide batteries is reviewed.
Key words: metal carbon dioxide battery, electrochemical performance, carbon conversion, energy storage, cathode material


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