摘要/Abstract

有机/金属有机力致发光材料因具有外力作用诱导产生发光的独特性质，其在冲击力、应力、张力或压力等作用力的传感以及显示、照明及成像等领域具有巨大应用潜力，近年来引起了人们广泛关注.综述了自1980年以来的有机/金属有机力致发光材料（稀土金属有机配合物材料、过渡金属有机配合物材料、纯有机小分子材料和纯有机聚合物材料）和发光机理方面的研究进展，最后提出了有机/金属有机力致发光所面临的挑战与未来发展方向.
关键词: 力致发光, 金属有机配合物, 压电性质, 中心不对称分子结构, 分子晶体工程
Functional materials with unique properties or specific functions, have been developed greatly in the areas of information, aerospace, energy, biology and so forth. Recently, organic/organometallic mechanoluminescence (ML) has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique optical properties induced by external stimulus, which demonstrates great potential as a candidate for sensing of impact, stress, tension or pressure, display and lighting, as well as imaging. In this review, the recent progress on organic/organometallic ML materials, the relationship between molecular structures and properties, their luminescent mechanisms, as well as the applications are summarized. Currently, the organic/organometallic ML systems mainly contain small molecules, including organometallic complexes and pure organic compounds, and polymers. In comparison to the design and preparation of materials, the progress of underlying mechanisms still remains ambiguous without a universal acknowledgement. Up to now, it is generally accepted that organic/organometallic ML materials should have non-centrosymmetric molecular structures, dipolar structures and piezoelectric properties. Because when the crystals are stimulated under grinding, rubbing, cutting, cleaving, shaking, scratching, compressing, or crushing, the center asymmetric molecular structures of organic/organometallic materials are broken, resulting in disruption of the crystal and electronic discharge at the crack surface, then emitting obvious light from the surface of solids state. This organic ML mechanism is mainly derived from the mechanism of inorganic ML. Mechanisms of organic/organometallic ML materials need to be verified by further experiments and theoretical study. As to the mechanism of mechanically activated luminescence of pure organic polymers, it was reported that when the material was stimulated by mechanical forces, the excited state went back to the ground state and emitted light. This review will focus on the recent progress of organic/organometallic mechanoluminescent materials including rare-earth organometallic complex, transition organometallic complex, pure organic small molecule materials and pure organic polymer materials, and their mechanisms during the past decades. Finally, the challenges and the outlook of the organic/organometallic ML have been discussed.
Key words: mechanoluminescence, organometallic complex, piezoelectricity, center asymmetric molecular structure, molecular crystal engineering


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