摘要/Abstract

随着人们对生物质能源和绿色清洁化学过程越来越重视，离子液体因其稳定性、低粘度和高电导率等优良性能，成为20世纪90年代初研究团队广泛关注的一类新型绿色溶剂，对其研究内容和应用领域也日趋完善和丰富，特别是在催化反应、电化学、材料化学以及生物质的前处理等领域的发展.对于离子液体的应用研究主要存在着用量庞大、价格昂贵、催化剂不易分离和提纯过程烦琐等缺陷.所以，近年来许多****尝试通过吸附或者接枝固载化的方法，将离子液体固载于无机多孔材料或者有机高分子材料上，把离子液体的特性转移到多相固体催化剂上，可应用于固定床连续化、封闭化反应.本文对离子液体固载技术的诞生及发展做了详细地梳理，并将离子液体固载技术的应用领域做了多角度地总结，根据离子液体类型的不同，主要是作为催化剂应用于反应催化领域；根据固态载体的不同，主要是作为功能材料应用于吸附分离领域.
关键词: 离子液体固载, 催化剂, 吸附材料, 应用领域
As the biomass energy and green chemistry processes have gained more and more attention from researchers, ionic liquids as a novel green solvent were widely concerned by research teams since 1990s, because of many excellent properties of chemical stability, low viscosity, high conductivity and so on. The research on the preparation methods and application fields is getting better, especially in the fields of catalytic reaction, photoelectron chemistry, materials chemistry and biomass pretreatment. However, some disadvantages such as large consumption, high cost, hard to separate, and complexity in purification process were appeared. Thus, in recent years, many scholars tried to immobilize ILs on inorganic porous materials or organic polymer materials by physical adsorption or chemical grafting. In this way, the characteristics of ILs were transferred to the polyphase solid catalysts, and it can be applied to the continuous and closed fixed-bed reactions. In this review, the development of immobilized ionic liquid technology were summarized in detail, and the current applications of immobilized ionic liquid were illustrated with a multi-angle. The immobilized ionic liquid as catalysts were used in chemical catalytic field depending on the chemical structure of ionic liquid; While the immobilized ionic liquid as a functional materials were used in adsorption separation field depending on the surface characteristic of solid carrier.
Key words: immobilized ionic liquid, catalyst, adsorbent material, application field


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