摘要/Abstract

卤化反应是一类极其重要的有机合成反应, 在实验室研究和化工生产领域占据重要地位. 传统卤化反应因存在使用有毒有害试剂、反应缺乏选择性等问题而亟待改进, 生物酶催化策略则为突破上述瓶颈提供了可能. 自然界已经进化出多种可对有机物中催化引入卤素的卤化酶. 酶催化卤化反应的突出优势在于常温常压下, 可使用来源温和的卤素进行高效的催化反应. 催化范围包括卤化、羟卤化、卤环合和氧化脱羧等多种具有挑战性的反应. 鉴于酶催化卤化反应展示出巨大的潜力, 从催化活性、酶稳定性、底物浓度、催化范围等几个方面着重介绍了卤过氧化物酶在绿色卤化反应中的最新研究进展, 为进一步开发绿色的卤化酶催化卤化反应提供参考.
关键词: 卤过氧化物酶, 生物催化, 卤化反应, 有机合成, 绿色化学
Halogenation reaction is one of the key reactions in organic synthesis, which acts pivotal part both in laboratory study and industrial applications. Traditional halogenation reactions rely on the use of toxic and hazardous reagents with low selectivity. The enzymatic catalysis bears enormous possibilities to overcome abovementioned bottlenecks remaining in traditional halogenation reactions. Nature has evolved a variety of halogenases that are capable of catalyzing the introduction of halogen atoms in organic substrates. The particular advantage of enzymatic catalysis is that it enables the efficient halogenation reactions occurring at common temperature and pressure with the use of mild halogen sources. The enabled challenging reactions range from halogenation, halohydroxylation, halocyclization to oxidative decarboxylation. In view of the significant potential of enzymatic catalysis in halogenation reactions, the recent advances of halogenase-catalyzed green synthesis are introduced from the perspective of catalytic activity, enzyme stability, substrate concentration, catalytic scope and so on. It is hoped to raise further inspirations in the development of green halogenation reactions catalyzed by halogenases.
Key words: haloperoxidases, biocatalysis, halogenation reactions, organic synthesis, green chemistry


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