摘要/Abstract
近年来，离子液体由于其独特的性能在实验室和工业领域得到广泛研究，并展示出良好的应用前景.同时，一系列离子液体绿色制备技术被开发设计出来，极大地改变了离子液体的研究面貌.本文综述了离子液体的绿色制备及在环境修复中的应用进展.离子液体的绿色合成主要途径有，原子经济性反应、绿色原材料合成、绿色溶剂合成、化工过程强化技术及计算机辅助设计，表现出合成效率高、产品质量好、废物产生量少、能耗低、合成条件温和等特点.离子液体的绿色制备不仅使离子液体更加丰富多彩，而且使其"从头到脚"成为一种绿色溶剂和绿色功能材料.离子液体在环境修复的典型特点和独特优势表现在：在水体修复方面，具有分离效率高、不产生二次污染、耗材少等特点；在土壤修复中，可以有效削弱污染物质在土壤中的毒性；在大气修复中，在消除污染物的同时，有时可以实现其资源化利用.展望了离子液体在绿色制备和环境修复的未来发展趋势.
关键词: 离子液体, 绿色制备, 环境修复, 应用
In recent years, ionic liquids have been extensively studied in the laboratory and industrial fields due to their unique properties and have shown good application prospects. At the same time, a series of ionic liquids green preparation technologies have been developed and designed, which has greatly changed the research aspect of ionic liquids. In this paper, the green preparation of ionic liquids and their application in environmental remediation are reviewed. The synthesis processes of ionic liquids, including atoms economic reaction, green raw materials reaction, green solvents reaction, chemical process intensification and computer-aided design are emphasized with reference to their advantages of high synthesis efficiency, good product quality, low waste generation, low energy consumption, mild conditions and etc. Moreover, the green preparation of ionic liquids not only makes the ionic liquid more abundant, but also makes it absolutely a green solvent and green functional material. The typical characteristics that reflect the unique advantages of ionic liquids in environmental restoration are as follows. In terms of water body restoration, it has the characteristics of high separation efficiency, elimination of secondary pollution and less consumables. In the soil remediation, it can effectively reduce the toxicity of pollutants in soil. In the atmospheric remediation, it eliminates pollutants and sometimes achieves the resource utilization. Furthermore, the future development trend of ionic liquids in green preparation and environmental remediation is also prospected.
Key words: ionic liquid, green preparation, environmental remediation, application
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