摘要/Abstract

植物天然化合物及其衍生物是药物、保健品和食品添加剂等产品开发的源泉.新兴的合成生物学技术通过在微生物底盘细胞中重构与优化天然化合物的生物合成途径，实现目标化合物的从头合成，为结构复杂的珍稀植物天然化合物的规模化制备提供了新策略.介绍了青蒿素、人参皂苷、吗啡类生物碱、紫杉醇和长春花碱等重要植物天然化合物人工合成的研究进展.这些研究实例，不仅彰显了合成生物学及其与合成化学的结合在植物天然化合物人工合成方面的巨大应用潜力，也指明了未来植物天然化合物从头合成技术研发的导向.合成生物学与合成化学领域的新技术研发将进一步推动复杂天然化合物的生物合成途径解析、生物元件的挖掘与表征、新型底盘细胞的设计和开发以及生物合成与化学合成的强-强联合等方面的研究，助力天然化合物的人工合成技术从实验室走向市场.
关键词: 合成生物学, 合成化学, 从头合成, 生物合成途径, 生物元件, 底盘细胞, 基因组编辑
Plant natural products and their derivatives are the important reservoirs for the development of medicines, health products and food additives. The synthetic biology technology brings new strategies to manufacture rare plant natural products with complicated structures at large scale by artificially constructing and optimizing the biosynthesis pathway of target compounds in microbial chassis cells. In this paper, the research progress on the artificial syntheses of important plant natural products such as artemisinin, ginsenosides, morphinan alkaloids, paclitaxel and vinblastine is reviewed. These examples not only demonstrate the great potentials of synthetic biology as well as its combination with synthetic chemistry applied in the artificial syntheses of plant natural compounds, but also show us the roadmap for future research and development on de novo synthesis of plant natural products. New technologies developed in synthetic biology and synthetic chemistry would further promote the unveiling of biosynthetic pathways of complex natural compounds, the discovery and characterization of key bioparts, the design and building of novel chassis cells, the strong-strong combination of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis, and thus accelerate the process to transfer the developed technologies to artificially synthesize plant natural products from laboratories to markets.
Key words: synthetic biology, synthetic chemistry, de novo synthesis, biosynthetic pathway, biopart, chassis cell, genomic editing


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