摘要/Abstract

三萜和甾体是由六个异戊二烯单元组成的一大类天然产物，具有复杂多样的化学结构和广泛的生物活性.真菌是三萜和甾体化合物发现的重要源泉，但与植物相比，目前从真菌中发现的三萜骨架类型仍然很少，仍有较大的研究空间.基因组挖掘已成为后基因组时代发现新颖天然产物的重要手段，其主要通过与相似功能基因的比较来发现新功能基因.随着高通量测序技术和生物信息技术的飞速发展，一些具有重要生物活性的真菌三萜或甾体的生物合成途径逐渐被阐明，这为利用基因组挖据手段从真菌中发现新颖三萜或甾体化合物奠定了基础.重点介绍近年来在真菌三萜或甾体生物合成方面的研究进展情况.
关键词: 三萜, 甾体, 真菌, 生物合成, 基因组挖掘
Triterpenoids and steroids are one of the largest classes of natural products composed of six isoprene units, with various chemical structures as well as wide range of biological activities. Fungi serves as important sources for triterpenoids and steroids. However, compared with plants, the types of triterpenoid skeletons discovered in fungi are much fewer, suggesting that there is a large research space. Genome mining has become an important method of discovering novel natural products in the post-genomic era, which uses the genes with similar functional to identify the target genes with new functions. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and biological information technology, biosynthetic pathways of some triterpenoids and steroids with important biological activities have been elucidated in recent years, which build the foundations for the discovery of new triterpenoids or steroids from fungi via genome mining. The recent advances in the biosynthesis of fungal triterpenoids and steroids are mainly introduced.
Key words: triterpenoids, steroids, fungi, biosynthesis, genome mining


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