摘要/Abstract

天然蛋白质的翻译后修饰是表观遗传学的重要研究方向之一.最近几年，新型赖氨酸翻译后修饰模式的发现及其对染色体结构和基因转录的重大调控作用是表观遗传学研究重点之一，引起了生物学家的广泛关注.目前发展了一系列含有特定赖氨酸翻译后修饰蛋白质的制备新方法.系统总结了制备含有新型赖氨酸翻译后修饰蛋白质的最新化学生物学方法，包括生物正交反应策略、非天然氨基酸引入策略、"非天然氨基酸修饰法"策略等，并讨论其优缺点及应用前景.
关键词: 蛋白质化学合成, 翻译后修饰, 非天然氨基酸, 生物正交反应, 蛋白质组学
The study of native proteins with post-translational modifications (PTMs) is one of the main fields of epigenetics. The discovery of novel PTM models and their vital regulatory role for chromatin structure and gene transcription have been one of the current research focuses drawing attention of biologists especially in recent years. However, we still lack efficient strategies for the preparation of sufficient amount of native proteins with certain PTMs. The currently existing chemical biology methods are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared, including bioorthogonal reaction technique, non-canonical amino acid incorporation, etc. Furthermore, the draft will mainly focus on the application of bioorthogonal reactions on unnatural functional groups for the incorporation of lysine PTMs.
Key words: chemical synthesis of proteins, post-translational modifications, non-canonical amino acid, bioorthogonal reaction, proteome


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