Professor
Contact InformationOffice:FW-458
Phone:3442-7683
Email:bcsmli@cityu.edu.hk
Web:N/A
Research InterestsSpatial planning for pedestrian movement and evacuation modeling, urban and land use planning, building development, construction management and fire safety engineering
Prof. SM Lo is a professor of the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong. He received his PhD in Architecture from the University of Hong Kong. His main research interests include spatial planning for pedestrian movement, decision support system, fire protection engineering and evacuation, urban planning and construction management. He has been the Principal Investigator for many research grants including 14 Competitive Earmarked Research/ GRF Grants from the Research Grant Council of HKSAR for studying evacuation modeling, pedestrian flow modeling, fire risk analysis, decision support system, wayfinding modeling, intelligent understanding of CAD plans, human behavior in fire, effect of fire legislation on the society, large-scale evacuation modeling and disaster prevention, rail tunnel evacuation and etc. He is also a Co-PI for a Theme-based Research Project:Safety, Reliability, and Disruption Management of High Speed Rail and Metro Systems . He has published more than 150 articles in SCI/ SSCI listed journals. He is also an Authorized Person registered under Hong Kong Buildings Ordinance.
Departmental Duty[available after login]
Course Leader Duty BC2013: Introduction to Urban Development and Architecture BC3227: Introduction to Urban Planning BC3227F: Introduction to Urban Planning BC3629: Building and Fire Safety Control BC3629F: Building and Fire Safety Control BC3629P: Building and Fire Safety Control BC4630: Building Design and Appraisal BC4630F: Building Design and Appraisal BC4650: Land and Planning Control BC4650F: Land and Planning Control BC4774: Fire Engineering Elective II CA2130: Urban Culture and Landscaping CA2134: Architectural History CA2216: Real Estate Valuation CA3227: Introduction to Urban Planning CA4650: Land and Planning Control CA5814: Real Estate Development CA6317: Legal Studies for the Built Environment CA6317D: Legal Studies for the Built Environment CA6318: Planning Practice, Law, and Ethics in Hong Kong CA6803: Dissertation CA6806: Construction Research Paper CA6809: Decision Analysis CA6810: Construction Economics CA6811: Contracts Management CA6817: Strategic Management in Construction CA6821: System Thinking for Real Estate Development CA8016M: Research Paper for Real Estate and Built Environment CA8017M: Research Seminar for Real Estate and Built Environment CA8019: Fire Safety Engineering for Built Environment I CA8019M: Fire Safety Engineering for Built Environment I CA8020: Fire Safety Engineering for Built Environment II CA8020M: Fire Safety Engineering for Built Environment II CA8022: Research Methodology and Ethics CA8022M: Research Methodology and Ethics CA8028M: Strategies for Planning and Construction CA8231: Research Project Management for Building and Construction Professionals CA8317D: Legal Studies for the Built Environment
Research InterestsSpatial planning for pedestrian movement and evacuation modeling, urban and land use planning, building development, construction management and fire safety engineering
Selected PublicationsCHOW A, LO SM and LI L (2019),Transport and Smart Cities - Proceedings of 24th International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies (Eds), 14-16 December, Hong Kong p. 1-564Ba R, Song WG, Li XL, Xie ZX and LO SM (2019),Integration of Multiple Spectral Indices and a Neural Network for Burned Area Mapping Based on MODIS Data,Remote Sensing,Feb, 11(3)[Article Number: 326]Huang DY, LO SM, Chen J and et al. (2019),Mapping fire risk of passenger-carried fire load in metro system via floor field cellular automaton,Automation in Construction,April, 100: 61-72.Huang SS, Wei RC, LO SM and et al. (2019),Experimental study on one-dimensional movement of luggage-laden pedestrian,Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications,Feb, 516: 520-528.Jiang JC, Li L, Jiang JJ, Wang Y,, LO SM and Pan Y, Pan XH, Ni L (2019),Effect of ionic liquids on the thermal decomposition process of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) by DSC,Thermochimica Acta,671: 127-133.Wang Q, Song WG, Zhang J, Wang S, Wu C, and LO SM (2019),Understanding single-file movement with ant experiments and a multi-grid CA model,Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,513: 1-13.Wu SS, Zhuang Y, Chen J, Wang WL, Bai YX and LO SM (2019),Rethinking bus-to-metro accessibility in new town development: Case studies in Shanghai,Cities,94: 211-224.Wu SS, Kuang H and LO SM (2019),Modeling Shopping Center Location Choice: Shopper Preference-Based Competitive Location Model,Journal of Urban Planning & Development,145(1)[Article Number: 04018047]Chen R, Xu X, Lu SX, Zhang Y, and LO SM (2018),Pyrolysis study of waste phenolic fibre-reinforced plastic by thermogravimetry/ Fourier transform infrared/mass spectrometry analysis,Energy Conversion and Management,165: 555-566.Chen R, Xu X, Zhang Y, , LO SM and Lu SX (2018),Kinetic study on pyrolysis of waste phenolic fibre-reinforced plastic,Applied Thermal Engineering,136: 484-491.Liang TS, Li R, Li J, Xu Y, Zhong W, Zhao J and LO SM (2018),Extinguishment of hydrocarbon pool fires by ultrafine water mist with ammonium/amidogen compound in an improved cup burner,Fire and Materials,42(8): 889-896.SUN F, CHOW A, LO SM and GE H (2018),A two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model with heterogeneous lane changing rates,Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,511: 389-400.Sun JL, Guo Y, Li C,, LO SM and Lu SX (2018),An experimental study on individual walking speed during ship evacuation with the combined effect of heeling and trim,Ocean Engineering,166: 396-403.Wang Q, Song WG, Zhang J, and LO SM (2018),Bi-directional movement characteristics of Camponotus Japonicus ants during nest relocation,Journal of Experimental Biology,221: 18Wu SS and LO SM (2018),Events as community function of shopping centers: A case study of Hong Kong,Cities,72: 130-140.Yue FR, Chen J, Ma J, Song WG and LO SM (2018),Cellular automaton modeling of pedestrian movement behavior on an escalator,Chinese Physics B,27(12): 124501Chen J, Ma J, and LO SM (2017),Event-driven modeling of elevator assisted evacuation in ultra high-rise buildings,Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,74: 99-116.Chen J, LO SM and Ma J (2017),Pedestrian ascent and descent fundamental diagram on stairway,Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment,8: 83403Chen R, Lu SX, Zhang Y, and LO SM (2017),Pyrolysis study of waste cable hose with thermos-gravimetry/ Fourier transform infrared/ mass spectrometry analysis,Energy Conversion and Management,153: 83-92.Fu LB, Song WG, and LO SM (2017),A fuzzy-theory-based method for studying the effect of information transmission on nonlinear crowd dispersion dynamics,Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,42: 682-698.Ji J, Li M, Shi WX, Gao ZH, Sun JH, and LO SM (2017),Deflection characteristic of flame with the airflow induced by stack effect,International Journal of Thermal Sciences,115: 160-168.Kuang H, Xu ZP, Li XL and LO SM (2017),An extended car-following model accounting for the honk effect and numerical tests,Nonlinear Dynamics,87(1): 149-157.Wang WL, LO SM and Liu SB (2017),A cognitive pedestrian behavior model for exploratory navigation: Visibility graph based heuristics approach,Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,77: 350-366.Chen RY, Lu SX, Li CH, Ding YM, Zhang BS and LO SM (2016),Correlation analysis of heat flux and cone calorimeter test data of commercial flame-retardant ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber,JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY,123(1): 545-556.Fu LB, Song WG, Lv W, Liu XD and LO SM (2016),Multi-grid simulation of counter flow pedestrian dynamics with emotion propagation,SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY,60: 1-14.Lin P, Ma J and LO SM (2016),Discrete element crowd model for pedestrian evacuation through an exit,CHINESE PHYSICS B,25(3): 034501 Mu HL, Song WG, Sun JH, LO SM and Wang JH (2016),An Experimental and Numerical Study of Imbalanced Door Choice During an Announced Evacuation Drill,FIRE TECHNOLOGY,52(3): 801-815.Liang TS, Liu MJ, Liu ZL, Zhong W, Xiao XK and LO SM (2015),A study of the probability distribution of pool fire extinguishing times using water mist,Process Safety and Environmental Protection,93: 240-248.Liu SB, LO SM, Tsui KL and Wang WL (2015),Modeling Movement Direction Choice and Collision Avoidance in Agent-Based Model for Pedestrian Flow,ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering,141(6): 04015001Wang J, Lu S, Guan Y, LO SM and Zhang HP (2015),Experiment investigation on the influence of low pressure on ceiling temperature profile in aircraft cargo compartment fires,APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING,89: 526-533.Wang JH, Sun JH and LO SM (2015),Randomness in the evacuation route selection of large-scale crowds under emergencies,APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING,39(18): 5693-5706.Wang WL, LO SM and Liu SB (2015),Aggregated Metro Trip Patterns in Urban Areas of Hong Kong: Evidence from Automatic Fare Collection Records,JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT,141(3): 05014018 Yu B, Shi YQ, Yuan BH, Liu L, Yang HY, Tai QL, LO SM, Song L and Hu Y (2015),Click-chemistry approach for graphene modification: effective reinforcement of UV-curable functionalized graphene/polyurethane acrylate nanocomposites,RSC Advances,5(18): 13502-13506.Yu B, Shi YQ, Yuan BH, Qiu SL, Xing WY, Hu WZ, Song L, LO SM and Hu Y (2015),Enhanced thermal and flame retardant properties of flame-retardant-wrapped graphene/epoxy resin nanocomposites,Journal of Materials Chemistry A,3(15): 8034-8044.Fu LB, Song WG, Lv W and LO SM (2014),Simulation of emotional contagion using modified SIR model: A cellular automaton approach,Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,405: 380-391.Ge HX, LO SM and Cheng RJ (2014),A bidirectional pedestrian flow model with the effect of friction parameter,International Journal of Modern Physics C,25(9): 1450042Ge HX, Cheng RJ and LO SM (2014),A Lattice Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow on Gradient Road,Communications in Theoretical Physics,62(2): 259-264.Ge HX, Zheng PJ, LO SM and Cheng RJ (2014),TDGL equation in lattice hydrodynamic model considering driver's physical delay,Nonlinear Dynamics ,76(1): 441-445.Jiang SH, Yu B, Zhou KQ, Yang HY, Shi YQ, LO SM, Hu Y and Gui Z (2014),Sol-gel synthesis and enhanced properties of a novel transparent PMMA based organic-inorganic hybrid containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon,Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,69(2): 418-428.Kong DP, Lu SX, Xie QM, LO SM and Kang QS (2014),Fuzzy Risk Assessment for Life Safety Under Building Fires,Fire Technology ,50(4): 977-991.Kuang H, Chen T, Li XL and LO SM (2014),A new lattice hydrodynamic model for bidirectional pedestrian flow considering the visual field effect,Nonlinear Dynamics,78(3): 1709-1716.Kuang H, Zhang GX, Li XL and LO SM (2014),Effect of slow-to-start in the extended BML model with four-directional traffic,Physics Letters A ,378(21): 1455-1460.Liao YJ, Liao GX, LO SM, Ma J and Liu SB (2014),A Study on People's Attitude to the Use of Elevators for Fire Escape,Fire Technology,50(2): 363-378.Lin P, LO SM and Li T (2014),Numerical study on the impact of gradient on semi-transverse smoke control system in tunnel,Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,44: 68-79.Liu SB, LO SM, Ma J and Wang WL (2014),An Agent-Based Microscopic Pedestrian Flow Simulation Model for Pedestrian Traffic Problems,IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,15(3): 992-1001.Shi WX, Ji J, Sun JH, LO SM, Li LJ and Yuan XY (2014),Influence of staircase ventilation state on the airflow and heat transfer of the heated room on the middle floor of high rise building,Applied Energy ,119: 173-180.Shi WX, Ji J, Sun JH, LO SM, Li LJ and Yuan XY (2014),Influence of fire power and window position on smoke movement mechanisms and temperature distribution in an emergency staircase,Energy and Buildings,79: 132-142.Wang WL, LO SM, Liu SB and Kuang H (2014),Microscopic modeling of pedestrian movement behavior: Interacting with visual attractors in the environment,Transportation Research Part C - Emerging Technologies,44: 21-33.Ma J, LO SM, Song WG, Wang WL, Zhang J and Liao GX (2013),Modeling pedestrian space in complex building for efficient pedestrian traffic simulation,Automation in Construction,30: 25-36.Ma J, Song WG, LO SM and Fang ZM (2013),New insights into turbulent pedestrian movement pattern in crowd-quakes,Journal of Statistical Mechanics - Theory and Experiment,[P02028 DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2013/02/P02028]Wang JH, LO SM, Wang QS, Sun JH and Mu HL (2013),Risk of Large-Scale Evacuation Based on the Effectiveness of Rescue Strategies Under Different Crowd Densities,Risk Analysis ,33(8): 1553-1563.Yu B, Wang X, Xing WY, Yang HY, Wang XF, Song L, Hu Y and LO SM (2013),Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of functionalized graphene/thiol-ene systems by photopolymerization technology,Chemical Engineering Journal ,228: 318-326.Yuen JKK, LEE EWM, LO SM and YUEN KKR (2013),An Intelligence-Based Optimization Model of Passenger Flow in a Transportation Station,IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,14(3): 1290-1300.LO SM, Liu SB and Ma J (2012),On the use of an agent-based pedestrian movement simulation model to study the passenger density on Light-Rail platform,Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2012 ,Washington DC, [Paper #12-2309]Ge HX, Liu YX, Cheng RJ and LO SM (2012),A modified coupled map car following model and its traffic congestion analysis,Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation,17(11): 4439-4445.Ge HX, Meng XP, Ma J and LO SM (2012),An improved car-following model considering influence of other factors on traffic jam,Physica A,337(1-2): 9-12.Kong DP, Johansson N, van Hees P, Lu SX and LO SM (2012),A Monte Carlo analysis of the effect of heat release rate uncertainty on available safe egress time,Journal of Fire Protection Engineering ,[doi: 212452676]Ma J, LO SM and Song WG (2012),Cellular automaton modeling approach for optimum ultra high-rise building evacuation design,Fire Safety Journal,54: 57-66.Ma J, Liu M, LO SM and Liu SB (2012),A Study on Passenger Flow at the Platform Area of Lo Wu Metro Station at the Border,Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2012 ,Washington DC, [Paper #12-2322]Ma J, Song WG, Tian W, LO SM and Liao GX (2012),Experimental study on an ultra high-rise building evacuation in China,Safety Science,50(8): 1665-1674.Wang JH, LO SM, Sun JH, Wang QS and Mu HL (2012),Qualitative simulation of the panic spread in large-scale evacuation,Simulations,[doi: 10.1177/6884]Wang JH, LO SM, Wang QS, Sun JH and Mu HL (2012),Risk of Large-Scale Evacuation Based on the Effectiveness of Rescue Strategies Under Different Crowd Densities,Risk Analysis,[DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01923.x]Ge HX, Wu SZ, Cheng RJ and LO SM (2011),Theoretical Analysis of a Modified Continuum Model,Chinese Physics Letters ,28(9): 09051GE, H.X., MENG, X., CHENG, R and LO SM (2011),Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation in a car-following model considering the driver's physical delay,Physica A,390(1): 3348-3353.KONG, DP, LU, SX, KANG, QS, LO SM and XIE, Q (2011),Fuzzy Risk Assessment for Life Safety Under Building Fires,Fire Technology,[[DOI: 10.1007/s10694-011-0223-z]]Liu, M. and LO SM (2011),The quantitative investigation on people's pre-evacuation behavior under fire,Automation in Construction,20(5): 620-628.SHAN, X, ZHANG, P, SONG, L, HU, Y and LO SM (2011),Compound of Nickel Phosphate with Ni(OH)(PO(4))(2-) Layers and Synergistic Application with Intumescent Flame Retardants in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer,Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,50(12): 7201-7209.WANG XG, CHENG SD, LI LM, LO SM and ZHANG HP (2011),Effect of ignition condition on typical polymer's melt flow flammability,Journal of Hazardous Materials,109: 766-771.Ma J, Song WG, Fang ZM, LO SM and Liao GX (2010),Experimental study on microscopic moving characteristics of pedestrians in built corridor based on digital image processing,Building and Environment,45(10): 2160-2169.Ma J, Song WG, Zhang J, LO SM and Liao GX (2010),k-Nearest-Neighbor interaction induced self-organized pedestrian counter flow,Physica A,389(10): 2101-2117.LO SM, Liu M, Zhang PH and YUEN KKR (2009),An ANFIS-based Predictive Model for Pre-evacuation Human Response in Domestic Building Fire,Fire Technology,43: 431-449.Liu M, LO SM and Hu BQ (2009),On the Use of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation and Optimal Classification for Computing Fire Risk Ranking of Buildings,Neural Computing and Applications,18: 643-652.Yuan JP, Fang Z, Wang YC, LO SM and Wang P (2009),Integrated network approach of evacuation simulation for large complex buildings,Fire Safety Journal,44: 266-275.Zhao CM, LO SM, Zhang SP and Liu M (2009),A post-fire survey on the pre-evacuation human behavior”, Fire Technology,Fire Technology,45: 71-95.LO SM (2008),An Application of Computer Simulations for People Evacuation Management in a Complex Setting,International Crisis Management Symposium 2008 [Keynote],Japan, LO SM, Zhao C.M., Liu M. and Copping A. (2008),A simulation model for studying the implementation of performance-based fire safety design in buildings,Automation in Construction,17: 852-863.Fang Z., Yuan JP, Wang YC and LO SM (2008),Survey of Pedestrian Movement and Development of a Crowd Dynamics Model,Fire Safety Journal,43: 459-465.Huang HC, LO SM, Zhi GS and YUEN KKR (2008),Graph Theory Based Approach for Automatic Recognition of CAD Data”, Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,21: 1073-1079.Lin P, LO SM, Huang HC and YUEN KKR (2008),On the Use of Multi-stage Time-varying Quickest Time Approach for Optimization of Evacuation Planning,Fire Safety Journal,43: 282-290.Zhan YS and LO SM (2008),Computer-Aided Large-scale Evacuation Platform,Computer Engineering (in Chinese),34(20): 77-79.Zhan YS and LO SM (2008),Study on City Urgent Management System Supported by CG and GIS,Journal Communication University of China Science and Technology (in Chinese),15(1): 28-33.Zhan YS and LO SM (2008),Design of urban application based on component object model,Journal of Engineering Graphics (in Chinese),30(4): 183-188.Zhan YS, LO SM and YUEN KKR (2008),Web-GIS based distributed urban emergency decision-making support model,Microelectronics & Computer (in Chinese),25(10): 51-53.YUEN KKR, Kwok WK, LO SM and Liang J (2007),Heat and mass transfer in concrete at elevated temperature ,Numerical Heat Transfer Part A - Applications,51(5): 469-494.LO SM and Gao LJ (2007),A brief comparison of performance-based fire safety design between Hong Kong and Japan,International Journal of Engineering Performance-based Fire Codes,9(3): 133-139.CHENG CKC, Lam KM, YUEN KKR, LO SM and Liang J (2007),A study of natural ventialtion in refuge floor,Building and Environment,42: 3322-3332.CHEUNG, S. C. P., YEOH, G. H., CHEUNG, A. L. K.,, YUEN KKR and LO SM (2007),Flickering behavior of turbulent buoyant fires using large-eddy simulation,Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-Applications,52: 679-712.Lin P, LO SM, YUEN KKR, Huang HC and Liang J (2007),A granular dynamic method for modelling egress pattern at an exit,Fire Safety Journal,42(5): 377-383.Yiu CY, Ho CW and LO SM (2007),Weathering effects on external wall tiling systems,Construction and Building Materials,21: 594-600.YUEN KKR, LO SM and CHENG CKC (2006),A reduced scale-modeling study on wind and smoke interaction at a refuge floor in a high-rise building,Fifth International Symposium on Scale Modeling,Chiba Institute of Science, Editor: Kozo Saito, Japan, 13-16 September [keynote]YUEN KKR, LEE EWM, LO SM and YEOH GH (2006),Prediction of temperature and velocity profiles in a single compartment fire by an improved neural network analysis,Fire Safety Journal,August, 41: 478-485.LO SM, Huang HC, Wang P and YUEN KKR (2006),A game theory based exit selection model for evacuation,Fire Safety Journal,41: 364-369.LO SM and Zhao CM, Cheng WY (2006),Perceptions of building professionals on sustainable development: a comparative study between Hong Kong and Shenyang,Energy and Buildings,38: 1327-1334.Cheung CP, LO SM, Yeoh GH and YUEN KKR (2006),The influence of gaps of fire-resisting doors on the smoke spread in a building fire,Fire Safety Journal,41: 539-546.LO SM, Hu BQ, Liu M and YUEN KKR (2005),On the use of reliability interval method and grey relational model for fire safety ranking of existing buildings ,Fire Technology,41: 255-270.CHENG CKC, YUEN KKR, Lam KM and LO SM (2005),CFD wind tunnel test: Field veocity patterns of wind on a building with a refuge floor,International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics,October, 19(7): 531-544.CHENG CKC, Lam KM, YUEN KKR and LO SM (2005),Wind tunnel and CFD studies on wind flow around a high-rise building with a refuge Floor,6th International Conference of Tall Building,Hong Kong, 6 December 2005 p.435-441Cheung CP, YUEN KKR, Yeoh GH and LO SM (2005),Sensitivity study on three different SN order schemes of the discrete ordinates method for two-compartment enclosure fire,Fire Safety Journal,40: 736-744.Ho CW, LO SM and Yiu CY (2005),The causes of external wall tiling defects in Hong Kong,Structural Survey,23(5): 386-402.YIU ECY, Ho HK, LO SM and Hu BQ (2005),Performance evaluation for cost estimators by reliability interval method,ASCE journal of Construction Engineering Management,131(1): 108-116.YUEN KKR, LEE EWM and LO SM (2004),An effective drainage pipework configuration to prevent the drying of floor drains’ U-traps,Symposium on Advanced Technology for Health Care and Hygiene Control,Hong Kong, PRC, March 2004 LO SM, FANG Z and ZHI GZ (2004),An Evacuation Model: The SGEM Package,Fire Safety Journal,April, 39: 169-190.LEE EWM, YUEN KKR, LO SM, LAM KC and YEOH GH (2004),A Novel Artificial Neural Network Fire Model for Prediction of Thermal Interface Location in Single Compartment Fire,Fire Safety Journal,February, 39(1): 67-87.LEE EWM, LIM CP, YUEN KKR and LO SM (2004),A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Noisy Data Regression,IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part B: Cybernetics,April, 34(2): 951-960.Zhao CM, LO SM, Lu JA and Fang Z (2004),A Simulation Approach for Ranking of Fire Safety Attributes of High-Rise Buildings,Fire Safety Journal,39: 557-579.LO SM, YUEN KKR and LEE EWM (2003),Electrical cable fire risk assessment and design criteria, China Light and Power Ltd LO SM, YUEN KKR and LEE EWM (2003),Development of substation retrofit design guideline, China Light and Power Ltd LO SM, YUEN KKR and LEE EWM (2003),Battery room risk assessment and design criteria, China Light and Power Ltd LO SM, Yiu CY and Lo A (2003),An analysis of attributes affecting urban open space design and their environmental implications,Management of Environmental Quality,14(5): 604-614.CHENG GW, FANG Z, CHENG CX and LO SM (2003),International Conference on Building Fire Safety – Research, Practice and Education,A brief view on the fire protection of ancient Chinese buildings – From religious belief to practice,Queensland University of Technology, Australia, November 2003 p.106-114Fang Z, LO SM and Lu JA (2003),On the relationship between crowd density and movement velocity,Fire Safety Journal,38: 271-283.Yeoh GH, YUEN KKR, LO SM and Chen DH (2003),On Numerical Comparison of Enclosure Fire in a Multi-compartment Building,Fire Safety Journal,38: 85-94.ZHI GS, LO SM and FANG Z (2003),A Graph Based Algorithm for Extracting Units and Loops from Architectural Floor Plans for a Building Evacuation Model,Computer-Aided Design,35: 1-14.LO SM, YUEN KKR, LU WJ and Chen DH (2002),A CFD study of buoyancy effects on smoke spread in refuge floor of a high-rise building,Journal of Fire Science,20(6): 439-464.LO SM and Chen DH (2002),A Numerical Study of External Smoke Spread in Designated Refuge Floor,Building and Enviornment,37: 257-268.LO SM, FANG Z. and ZHI G.S. (2002),A Computer Simulation Model of Emergency Egress for Space Planers,Facilities,20(7-8): 262-270.LO SM, LAM KC, YUEN KKR and FANG Z (2002),An investigation on the building officials' perception for the use of performance-based fire engineering approach in building design,Fire Technology,38: 273-288.LO SM, LAM KC, YUEN KKR and Fang Z (2002),An investigation on the building officials' perception for the use of performance-based fire engineering approach in building design,Fire Technology,38: 271-286.LEE EWM, YUEN KKR, LO SM and LAM KC (2002),Probabilistic Inference with Maximum Entropy for Prediction of Flashover in Single Compartment Fire,Advanced Engineering Informatics,16: 179-191.LO SM, FANZ Z. and CHEN D.H. (2001),The Use of Modified Network Model for Analyzing Evacuation Patterns in High-Rise Buildings,ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering,7(2): 21-29.LU WJ, LO SM, YUEN KKR and Fang Z (2001),An investigation of the impact of floor setting on airflow and smoke extraction in designated refuge floor,International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics,14: 327-337.LU WJ, LO SM, Fang Z and YUEN KKR (2001),A Preliminary investigation of airflow field in designated refuge floor,Building and Environment,36: 219-230.LU WJ, LO SM, Fang Z and YUEN KKR (2001),A CFD study of air movement in designated refuge floor,International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics,15: 169-176.Chen DH, LO SM, YUEN KKR and Fang Z (2001),A Numerical Study of the Effect of Window Configuration on the External Heat and Smoke Spread in Building Fires,Numerical Heat Transfer- Part A,40: 821-839.LO SM, Fang Z. and YUEN KKR (2000),A Study of the Effect of Corridor Width in Karaoke Establishments,HKIE Transactions,7(1): 28-33.LO SM and Fang Z (2000),A Spatial Gird Evacuation Model for buildings,Journal of Fire Science,18(5): 327-353.LO SM (1999),A Fire Safety Assessment System for Existing Buildings,Fire Technology,35(2): 131-152.LAM KC, RUNESON G, TAM CM and LO SM (1998),Modeling Loan Acquisition Decisions,the Journal of Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Blackwell Science,December, 5(4): 359-375.
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