摘要:部署于野外的感知网络在应用时广泛存在节点能量不足的问题，而新型的使用能量收集技术的节点可以通过周期性地从环境中获取能量来延长网络的生存周期.因此，针对使用能量收集型节点的无源感知网络，能耗不再像有源节点网络那样成为制约网络性能最关键的因素.综合考虑能耗和延迟，可以在使节点获得较长生存周期的同时提高数据到达基站的速度.针对现有应用于无源感知网络的路由协议大多不能兼顾能耗和延迟性能的问题，提出了能耗和延迟平衡的机会路由协议（balance of energy and delay opportunistic routing protocol，简称EDOR）.该协议通过分析节点通信过程来估算节点的预期能耗值，使得节点选择令自己能耗较低的邻居节点作为转发候选.在最终确定转发节点时，该协议通过结合候选节点下一跳邻居节点的占空比信息来进行决策，使得发送节点选择能够更快将数据转发出去的候选节点来降低延迟，从而实现能耗和延迟性能的平衡.最后，该协议还通过设计退避策略来实现转发节点的单一性，减少机会路由过程中产生的不必要的数据包副本数量.



Abstract:There exists the energy shortage problem of the nodes deployed in the field in sensor network. The new type of node which uses the energy harvesting technology can prolong the work time by collecting energy from environment periodically. Thus energy consumption is no longer the only concerned factors in this passive sensing network. Taking into account the energy consumption and delay comprehensively can make the node obtain a longer life cycle while increasing the speed of data sending to the base station. To solve the problem that most of the existing routing protocols applied to passive sensing networks cannot balance the problem of power consumption and delay performance, this paper presents the balance of energy and delay opportunistic routing protocol (EDOR) to improve the performance of energy consumption and delay. The protocol estimates the expected energy consumption value of the node by analyzing the node transmission process, so that the node chooses the neighbor node with low energy consumption as the forwarding candidate. When the final forward node is determined, this protocol makes a decision by considering the duty cycle information of the next hop neighbor node among candidate nodes, so that the sending node chooses the candidate node that will forward the data faster to reduce the delay, which realizes the balance of energy consumption and delay performance. Finally, this protocol also reduces the number of unnecessary copies of data packets during the opportunistic routing process by designing a back-off strategy to achieve the singularity of the forwarding nodes.



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