| 浓雾下高速公路双车道间断放行措施 |
| 谭金华, 石京 |
| 清华大学 土木工程系, 北京 100084 |
| Two-lane freeway intermittent release measures in heavy fog |
| TAN Jinhua, SHI Jing |
| Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
摘要:
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| 摘要受浓雾影响，高速公路极易发生追尾等交通事故。该文建立了浓雾下高速公路双车道间断放行措施的元胞自动机模型，用于量化研究中国试行的浓雾下高速公路间断放行管理措施，探讨影响该措施的相关因素。数值模拟结果显示：高速公路采取双车道间断放行措施时，发生追尾事故的概率fa随着放行时间间隔ht的增大而降低；而且，不同的限速条件下，ht对应不同的临界值hmax，间断放行措施可在ht>hmax时保证浓雾下没有追尾事故发生；然而，在ht相同的条件下，雾区变长或两车道交错放行车辆均会增大fa和hmax。借助该结果，高速公路管理部门可以通过采取合适的间断放行方案，有效控制追尾事故风险。 | |||
| 关键词 ：间断放行,浓雾下驾驶行为,元胞自动机,追尾事故概率 | |||
| Abstract：Rear-end collisions easily occur on freeway during heavy fog. This paper presents a cellular automaton traffic model for two-way intermittent release of freeway traffic during heavy fog to quantify the influence of various measures on traffic accident reduction. Simulations show that the rear-end collision probability,fa, is reduced with longer time intervals,ht between released cars in heavy fog conditions. Then, different speed limits have different critical time intervals,hmax. Intermittent release measures can guarantee that no rear-end collisions occur when ht>hmax. However, both fa andhmax increase as the fog zone area expands and with asynchronous release in the two lanes. Therefore, freeway management can effectively control the rear-end collision risk through adopting suitable intermittent release measures from this study. | |||
| Key words：intermittent releasedriving behavior in heavy fogcellular automatonrear-end collision probability | |||
| 收稿日期: 2015-04-26 出版日期: 2016-09-22 | |||
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| 通讯作者:石京,教授,E-mail:jingshi@tsinghua.edu.cnE-mail: jingshi@tsinghua.edu.cn | |||
| 引用本文: |
| 谭金华, 石京. 浓雾下高速公路双车道间断放行措施[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 56(9): 985-990. TAN Jinhua, SHI Jing. Two-lane freeway intermittent release measures in heavy fog. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2016, 56(9): 985-990. |
| 链接本文: |
| http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2016.21.054或 http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2016/V56/I9/985 |
图表:
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| 图1 模拟驾驶实验场景示意图 |
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| 图2 浓雾下双车道CA 模型图 |
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| 图3 车辆通过雾区时的平均速度差 |
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| 图4 车辆通过雾区所用时间的频数 |
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| 图5 双车道间断放行措施的时空轨迹(vmax＝3,L＝1 000) |
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| 图6 fa 与ht 的关系(L＝1 000) |
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| 表１ 不同L 下车辆通过时间的描述统计值(vmax＝3元胞/s) |
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| 图7 ht 与fa 的关系(L＝2 000) |
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| 图8 不同L 下fa1的增减(vmax＝3元胞/s) |
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| 图9 两车道交错放行对fa 的影响(L＝1 000) |
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