| 基于分布式建筑控制策略的人员疏散系统 |
| 马亚萍1, 吴楠1, 高远2, 张辉1, 李丽华3 |
| 1. 清华大学 工程物理系, 公共安全研究院, 北京 100084; 2. 清华大学 自动化系, 智能与网络化系统中心, 北京 100084; 3. 中国人民公安大学 警务信息工程学院, 北京 102600 |
| Evacuation systems using decentralized building control strategies |
| MA Yaping1, WU Nan1, GAO Yuan2, ZHANG Hui1, LI Lihua3 |
| 1. Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 3. Police Information Institute, Peoples Public Security University of China, Beijing 102600, China |
摘要:
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| 摘要当前的建筑自动化控制系统尽管具备一定的现场控制能力, 但本质仍属于集中控制, 对未来大型复杂结构建筑的适用性较差。该文提出一种考虑建筑整体的分布式建筑控制策略, 比当前集中式控制策略在控制效果和系统鲁棒性等方面都具有明显优势。同时对建筑分区和其信息传输网络拓扑结构进行了一体化设计, 为分布式建筑控制策略及分布式控制算法提供了物理基础和通信基础。基于已构建的分布式建筑控制策略, 建立了分布式人员疏散动态指示系统, 该系统由通用控制器、传感器和动态指示标志等组成, 同时考虑了人员分布等因素。演习实验及模拟结果表明: 该系统可以有效平衡不同出口的疏散人数和减少疏散时间, 为人员疏散的有序进行提供了条件。 | |||||||||
| 关键词 ：分布式建筑控制,建筑分区,信息传输网络,疏散系统 | |||||||||
| Abstract：Automated building control systems are essentially centralized control systems with some field control that do not work well in large, complicated buildings. This paper describes a decentralized building control strategy that is more effective than centralized control strategies in terms of the control result and the system robustness. The building zones and communication network are related to the physical building design and entire communication system design. The decentralized building control strategy then gives a more efficient dynamic evacuation guidance system. This system consists of zone controllers, sensors and dynamic guidance signs and takes into account various factors such as the occupant distribution. Drills and simulation results show that this system balances the number of evacuees going to different exits and reduces the total evacuation time with a quick, orderly evacuation. | |||||||||
| Key words：decentralized building evacuation control strategiesbuilding zonesinformation transmission networksevacuation systems | |||||||||
| 收稿日期: 2014-07-11 出版日期: 2015-09-30 | |||||||||
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| 通讯作者:张辉,教授,E-mail:zhhui@tsinghua.edu.cnE-mail: zhhui@ tsinghua.edu.cn | |||||||||
| 引用本文: |
| 马亚萍, 吴楠, 高远, 张辉, 李丽华. 基于分布式建筑控制策略的人员疏散系统[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 55(8): 927-932. MA Yaping, WU Nan, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Hui, LI Lihua. Evacuation systems using decentralized building control strategies. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2015, 55(8): 927-932. |
| 链接本文: |
| http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/或 http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2015/V55/I8/927 |
图表:
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| 图1 集中建筑控制系统结构 |
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| 图2 分布式建筑控制结构 |
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| 图3 分布式建筑控制的消防控制策略示意图 |
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| 图4 基于分布式建筑控制策略的疏散路线选择系统 |
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| 图5 清华大学节能楼建筑结构图 |
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| 表1 各层楼层人员分布 |
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| 图6 清华大学节能楼建筑结构分区和其信息 传输网络拓扑图 |
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| 表2 疏散实验结果 |
参考文献:
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