Nitrate removal from groundwater by zero-valent iron-biochar composites
WANG Hongxi1,2,, LIAO Bing1,2,,, LU Tao1,2, WANG Junzhao1,2, WEI Shumin3, LIU Guo1,2 1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 2.Institute of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 3.Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of increasingly serious nitrate pollution in groundwater of China, zero-valent iron-biochar composites (ZVI-BC) were prepared by liquid phase reduction. The effects of different preparation conditions on the synthesis of ZVI-BC were studied, and the composites synthesized under the optimal preparation conditions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scanning microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under the strictly anaerobic environment condition, the effects of initial pH, initial nitrate concentration, composite dosage and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency of nitrate in water were investigated. The ways of reducing nitrate by zero-valent iron-biochar composites were preliminarily discussed from the aspects of kinetics and nitrogen balance. The results show that the preferred preparation conditions of the composites were following: polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as solvent and ZVI∶BC=1∶0.1. The SEM images of the composites obtained under the optimized preparation condition showed that the zero-valent iron particles with chain-like connection were loaded on the surface of biochar with lamellar distribution structure, having a good removal performance for nitrate. The higher the initial concentration, the slower the nitrate removal rate at the initial stage of the reaction, the lower the nitrate removal rate. The removal rate of nitrate increased with the increase of composites dosage. The pH of the reaction system had slight effect on nitrate removal by the composites, and the higher the temperature of the reaction system, the faster the nitrate removal rate. The nitrate removal process could not be simply expressed by the use of reaction series, and ammonia nitrogen was the main final product of nitrate reaction. Biochar loaded with zero-valent iron could effectively reduce the agglomeration of zero-valent iron and further promote the removal of nitrate, which has a good application prospect in the removal of nitrate from groundwater. Key words:zero-valent iron/ biochar/ nitrate/ groundwater.
图1溶剂体系对所制备复合材料去除硝酸盐性能的影响 Figure1.Effect of solvent system on the removal of nitrate by prepared composites
图2生物炭与零价铁质量比例对所制备复合材料去除硝酸盐性能的影响 Figure2.Effect of mass ratio of biochar and zero-valent iron on the performance of nitrate removal by prepared composites
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1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 2.Institute of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 3.Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China Received Date: 2019-12-06 Accepted Date: 2020-03-19 Available Online: 2020-12-08 Keywords:zero-valent iron/ biochar/ nitrate/ groundwater Abstract:In order to solve the problem of increasingly serious nitrate pollution in groundwater of China, zero-valent iron-biochar composites (ZVI-BC) were prepared by liquid phase reduction. The effects of different preparation conditions on the synthesis of ZVI-BC were studied, and the composites synthesized under the optimal preparation conditions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scanning microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under the strictly anaerobic environment condition, the effects of initial pH, initial nitrate concentration, composite dosage and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency of nitrate in water were investigated. The ways of reducing nitrate by zero-valent iron-biochar composites were preliminarily discussed from the aspects of kinetics and nitrogen balance. The results show that the preferred preparation conditions of the composites were following: polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as solvent and ZVI∶BC=1∶0.1. The SEM images of the composites obtained under the optimized preparation condition showed that the zero-valent iron particles with chain-like connection were loaded on the surface of biochar with lamellar distribution structure, having a good removal performance for nitrate. The higher the initial concentration, the slower the nitrate removal rate at the initial stage of the reaction, the lower the nitrate removal rate. The removal rate of nitrate increased with the increase of composites dosage. The pH of the reaction system had slight effect on nitrate removal by the composites, and the higher the temperature of the reaction system, the faster the nitrate removal rate. The nitrate removal process could not be simply expressed by the use of reaction series, and ammonia nitrogen was the main final product of nitrate reaction. Biochar loaded with zero-valent iron could effectively reduce the agglomeration of zero-valent iron and further promote the removal of nitrate, which has a good application prospect in the removal of nitrate from groundwater.