摘要:为探究喀斯特石漠化区典型生境下石生苔藓植物的固土持水能力及影响因素，在其石生苔藓分布和形态特征基础上，深入探讨了不同生境下石生苔藓的固土持水效应。结果表明：（1）生境对石生苔藓植物的固土持水能力影响显著。草地中的宽叶真藓（Bryum funkii）固土量最高，为8.85×10³ kg/hm²，裸地中的美灰藓（Eurohypnum leptothallum）持水量最高，其最高持水量是自身干重的14倍。石生苔藓植物在裸地和草地中表现出较高的固土率，而在乔木林与草地下具有较好的持水率。（2）苔藓类型对固土持水能力存在显著性的影响。4种石生苔藓植物的固土率高低为宽叶真藓>尖叶对齿藓原变种（Didymodon constrictus var.constrictus）>卷叶湿地藓（Hyophila involuta）>美灰藓，且差异显著；4种苔藓植物的持水率强弱为美灰藓>宽叶真藓>卷叶湿地藓>尖叶对齿藓原变种。（3）石生苔藓植物的固土持水能力受自身功能性状和立地环境的综合影响，苔藓植物的固土率与干重存在显著的正相关关系，其持水量与干重和生物量间具有显著的正相关关系。综上，从固土持水和生态修复的角度出发，应加强裸地和草地两种生境的石漠化治理力度；可考虑将宽叶真藓和美灰藓作为喀斯特岩面生态恢复的先锋苔藓，其能有效解决喀斯特区石漠化大面积基岩裸露问题，提高喀斯特区水土保持效益。



Abstract:The purpose of this study is to explore the soil-fixing and water-holding capacity and influencing factors of rocky bryophytes typical habitat in karst areas. Based on the distribution and morphological characteristics of rocky mosses, we deeply discussed the effects of soil-fixing and water-holding of rocky mosses under different habitats. The results showed that:(1) the habitat has significant effects on the soil-fixing and water-holding capacity of rocky bryophytes. Bryum funkii in the grassland has the highest soil consolidation capacity of 8.85×10³ kg/hm². The water holding capacity of Eurohypnum leptothallum in the bare land is the highest, and its maximum water holding capacity is 14 times of its own dry weight. Rocky bryophytes show a higher soil fixation rate under bare land and grassland, but have a better water holding rate under arbor forest and grass land. (2) The moss type has a significant influence on the soil water holding capacity. The soil fixation rate of the 4 species of rocky bryophytes is Bryum funkii > Didymodon constrictus var.constrictus > Hyophila involuta > Eurohypnum leptothallum, and the difference is significant. The water holding rate of the 4 species of bryophytes is Eurohypnum leptothallum > Bryum funkii > Hyophila involuta > Didymodon constrictus var.constrictus. (3) The soil and water retention capacity of rocky bryophytes is affected by its own functional characteristics and site environment. There is a significantly positive correlation between the soil fixation rate and dry weight of bryophytes, and the water holding capacity is positively correlated with the dry weight and biomass of bryophytes. In conclusion, from the perspectives of soil fixation and water conservation and ecological restoration, we should strengthen the control of rocky desertification in bare land and grassland. In addition, Bryum funkii and Eurohypnum leptothallum can be considered as the pioneer moss for ecological restoration of karst rock surface, which can effectively solve the problem of rocky desertification in karst areas with large areas of exposed bedrock and improve soil and water conservation benefits in karst areas.





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