摘要:生境与动物个体密切相关，生境中元素的不同影响着动物个体对不同生境的选择。2018年5-7月和2019年3-4月在吉林省白山原麝国家级自然保护区对獐（Hydropotes inermis）的春夏季生境选择进行了研究，共记录利用样方104个（春季53个，夏季51个），对照样方85个（春季46个，夏季39个）。利用卡方检验对植被类型、优势植物、坡位、坡向4种非数值型环境因子进行分析，结果表明春季和夏季獐对这4种环境因子的选择均具有显著性差异，偏好选择以青蒿（Artemisia carvifolia）为优势植物，位于中坡位，坡向为阳坡的草地生境活动。利用独立样本T检验和Mann-Whitney U检验对海拔、人为干扰距离、水源距离、草本覆盖度、优势草本高度、隐蔽级、坡度7种数值型环境因子进行分析，结果表明春季和夏季獐均偏好选择隐蔽级较高（春季30.189±14.609，夏季62.745±29.737）、优势草本高度较高（春季87.359±16.190，84.510±29.618）、坡度较缓的生境（春季14.245±3.721，13.333±5.260）活动。此外，资源选择函数模型对獐的春季和夏季的生境选择预测正确率均大于90%，表明该模型可以较好地预测獐的生境选择。白山原麝国家级自然保护区獐种群数量较小，适宜性栖息地面积较少，应加强对其种群及适宜性生境的保护。



Abstract:Habitat selection is regarded as a crucial part of wildlife research nowadays. The Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) was rediscovered in Jilin Province recently by us, but it was thought to have disappeared since 1950s. However, both the population and distribution of water deer in Jilin province were very limited. We therefore, firstly carried out field research on the habitat selection of water deer in Baishan Musk Deer Nature Reserve, which aimed to figure out how the deer interact with the environment to meet their requirements for survival and reproduction. Filed study was carried out from May to July 2018 and March to April 2019 and a total of 104 used plots (53 in spring and 51 in summer) and 85 control plots (46 in spring and 39 in summer) were recorded. The Chi-square test was adopted to analyze nonnumeric habitat factors, i.e. the vegetation type, dominant plant species, slope and slope direction. The results indicated that there were significant differences among these factors when the water deer selected habitats and they preferred grassland at sunny and middle slope with the dominant plant was Artemisia carvifolia. While the numeric habitats factors, i.e. the distance to human disturbance, distance to water, herbage coverage, hiding cover, elevation, height of dominant herbage and slope degree were analyzed by using the independent-samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results revealed that habitats with higher hiding cover (30.189±14.609 in spring, 62.745±29.737 in summer), higher height of dominant herbage (87.359±16.190 in spring, 84.510±29.618 in summer), and less steep slope (14.245±3.721 in spring, 13.333±5.260 in summer) were preferentially chosen by the water deer both in spring and summer. Besides, a Resource Selection Function model was applied to study the effects of different habitat factors on the habitat selection of the water deer. Moreover, Spearman Correlation test was employed to analyze the correlation of numeric habitat factors and the highly correlated ones, whose absolute value of correlation coefficients was more than 0.5 would be removed before applied into Resource Selection Function model. Generally, Resource Selection Function model could predict the habitat selection of water deer in Baishan properly for the correctly predicted rate in our study were more than 90% both in spring and summer. The population size and distribution aera of the water deer in Baishan Musk Deer Nature Reserve were pretty limited and the majority of their habitats were closed to farmland. In order to protect the water deer, we should make efforts to protect their suitable habitats, enhance people's awareness of wildlife protection and reduce the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the deer.





PDF全文下载地址:

https://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/article/pdf/stxb201911122385