摘要:浮游植物对水环境条件变化敏感，其群落演替特征被广泛应用于指示水环境变化。基于3种浮游植物功能类群方法，对呼兰河口湿地浮游植物群落结构进行研究。于2018年春季（4、5月）、夏季（6、7、8月）和秋季（9、10月）三季，在呼兰河口湿地共设置11个采样点，通过ASNOSIM和SIMPER分析探索FG、MFG和MBFG功能类群的演替特征，基于RDA分析阐述功能类群对环境因子的响应模式。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物243个分类单位，隶属于7门9纲18目32科75属；其种类组成主要以绿藻门（46.09%）、裸藻门（19.34%）和硅藻门（18.52%）为主。共划分FG功能类群25个，MFG功能类群20个，MBFG功能类群6个；ANOSIM分析表明不同季节之间FG和MFG功能类群结构差异显著；SIMPER分析表明S1/Lo/W1/P/J/Y、9b/5a/11b/6a/2c/2d/1c和Ⅲ/Ⅰ类群是影响不同季节之间功能类群变化的主要类群；RDA分析表明，FG、MFG和MBFG功能类群的演替受多种环境因素共同影响，其中pH、BOD₅、Tur.和COD_Mn与功能类群演替关系密切。相较于MBFG功能类群，FG和MFG功能类群能更好的响应呼兰河口湿地水环境的空间异质性。



Abstract:The Hulanhe Wetland is located in northeastern of China, and plays an important role in maintaining the biodiversity and regulating the microclimate in Harbin city. Although phytoplankton functional group studies on wetlands in northern China have increased recently, studies of the phytoplankton functional group in the Hulanhe Wetland are limited. To better understand processes of phytoplankton community succession in relation to environmental parameters, the functional mechanisms of biological communities may be better understood if species are pooled into groups with similar characteristics. Therefore, a detailed survey of three phytoplankton functional groups in spring, summer, and autumn are necessary. In this study, three different phytoplankton functional group methods were used to study phytoplankton community structure. Phytoplankton was qualitatively and quantitatively collected from 11 sampling sites in four typical habitats. The samples were collected in spring (April, May), summer (June, July, August), and autumn (September, October). A total of eleven sample sites were selected. We explored the succession characteristics of FG (Functional Group), MFG (Morpho-Functional Group) and MBFG (Morphology-Based Functional Group) functional groups by applying ASNOSIM and SIMPER analysis. A total of 243 phytoplankton species were identified, belonging to 7 phyla, 9 classes, 18 orders, 32 families and 75 genera. The phytoplankton species composition was dominated by and Chlorophyta (46.09%), followed by Euglenophyta (19.34%), Bacillariophyta (18.52%) and Cyanophyta (11.11%). During the study, the results showed that the average abundance of phytoplankton in the Hulanhe Wetland was significantly different (P<0.05). According to the abundance of phytoplankton, B (Cyclotella Kützing), J (Scenedesmus Meyen, Tetrastrum Chodat), D (Nitzschia Hassall), S1 (Pseudanabaena limnetica (Lemmermann) Komárek), Y (Cryptomonas erosa Hering, Cryptomonas ovata Hering) and W1 (Euglena Ehrenberg, Phacus Dujardin) were dominant in the functional groups. 25 functional groups, 20 Morpho-Functional Groups and 6 Morphology-based Functional Groups were identified during the study. The ANOSIM analysis showed significant differences in FG and MFG functional group structures between seasons. The SIMPER analysis indicated that the primary contributing phytoplankton functional groups were S1/Lo (Merismopedia Meyen)/W1/P (Melosira granulata (Ehrenberg) Ralfs)/J/Y, 9b (small unicells-Chlorococcales)/5a (thin fifilaments Oscillatoriales)/11b (Chlorococcales-Gelatinous colonies)/6a (large Centrics)/2c (small Euglenophytes)/2d (Cryptophytes)/1c (large Euglenophytes) and Ⅲ (large fifilaments)/Ⅰ (small organisms with high S/V). Redundancy Analysis (RDA) based on FG, MFG and MBFG and eleven environmental variables revealed that COD_Mn was the key factor driving the phytoplankton functional group succession, and Turbidity (Tur.), BOD₅ and pH were closely related to phytoplankton functional group patterns. We found that MBFG approach was not as sensitive as FG and MFG approach in describing the variability of phytoplankton groups in the environment. We suggested that MBFG approach was not suitable for indicating the temperate wetland water environment condition.





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