摘要:城市周边森林生态系统不断被蚕食，导致生态系统功能退化，严重威胁到城市的生态安全。增强"环境有价，损害担责，应赔尽赔"理念和提升城市生态系统质量势在必行。结合某城市一宗非法侵占近郊林地案，首先完整和系统地分析了生态环境损害鉴定评估流程：包括接受委托、初步调查、方案设计、时空范围确定、基线确认、因果关系分析、损害确认等，直至形成评估结果并被法院采纳，以期凝练总结针对城市生态系统的生态环境损害鉴定评估业务化流程。结合本案破坏行为持续时间长（约为13年），涉案林地面积逐年递增（从最初的6550 m²到最终的24040 m²）等特点，以周边同期未破坏林地为"对照样地"，通过实地调查及相关资料分析，确定损害基线种群密度（2066株/hm²）、林分高度（6.4 m）、生物量（104600 kg/hm²）等关键参数，最终计算生态环境损害价值量为2182573元。研究侵占城郊型林地生态环境损害典型案例，对突显城市生态系统损害案件的鉴定评估环节具有重要引领作用。



Abstract:The forest ecosystem around the city is constantly occupied upon, resulting in the degradation of ecosystem functions, which seriously threatens the urban ecological security. The concept of "the environment is valuable, the damage is liable, and all losses should be paid" is a solid institutional guarantee to solve the unreasonable situation of "enterprise pollution, mass victimization, government pays the bill", improve the quality of the eco-environment, and meet the people's growing demand for a beautiful eco-environment. And it is imperative to practice this concept and improve the quality of the urban ecosystem. Different environmental pollution and ecological destruction behaviors will have serious impacts on the natural environment, and for a complex ecosystem with a high degree of social-economic-natural combination like a city, the consequences of eco-environmental damage are also more complicated. Due to the complexity and integrity of the ecosystem, partial damage to the ecosystem will lead to the loss of the integrity of the ecosystem and the loss of various original ecosystem functions, so it is difficult to obtain full compensation. As the beneficiaries of urban ecosystem services are mainly people in urban areas, many of its service values are subjective. Therefore, the baseline confirmation, scope investigation, physical quantity accounting, and value analysis of urban eco-environment damage require special identification and evaluation systems. It is urgent to form a complete urban eco-environment damage assessment system.Based on an illegal occupation of a city in the suburban forest land, firstly, we completely and systematically analyzed the process of eco-environment damage identification and assessment, including acceptance of commission, preliminary investigation, project design, determination of time and space scope, baseline confirmation, causality analysis, damage confirmation, and the evaluation results being formed and adopted by the court, with the view to summarize the business process of eco-environment damage identification and assessment for urban ecosystem. In combination with the characteristics of the long duration of the destruction in this case (about 13 years) and the area of the involved forest land increased year by year (from the initial 6550m² to the final 24040 m²), the surrounding forest land that has not been damaged in the same period was used as "control plot". Through field investigation and related data analysis, this study determined the key parameters such as damage baseline of population density (2066 plants/hm²), stand height (6.4 m), biomass (104600 kg/hm²), etc. Finally, we calculated the eco-environment damage value to 2182573 yuan. The study of typical cases of eco-environment damage caused by occupation on forest land plays a leading role in highlighting the identification and evaluation of urban ecosystem damage cases.





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