褚莹倩^1,,,
陈溪¹,
张晓林¹,
周艺蓉²,
朱乾琨²,
顾晗潇³
1. 大连海关技术中心, 大连 116000;
2. 大连生态环境事务服务中心, 大连 116000;
3. 大连海关综合技术服务中心, 大连 116000

作者简介: 褚莹倩(1987-),女,硕士,研究方向为环境化学分析及生态风险评价,E-mail:chuyingqian@163.com.

通讯作者: 褚莹倩,chuyingqian@163.com ;

基金项目: 大连市科技创新基金项目（2019J13SN122）；大连海关科研项目（2021DK18）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（21705065）；辽宁检验检疫局自立科技计划项目（LK14-2016）


中图分类号: X171.5

Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Surface Water of China: A Review

Chu Yingqian^1,,,
Chen Xi¹,
Zhang Xiaolin¹,
Zhou Yirong²,
Zhu Qiankun²,
Gu Hanxiao³
1. Technology Center of Dalian Customs, Dalian 116000, China;
2. Dalian Ecological and Environmental Affairs Service Center, Dalian 116000, China;
3. Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Dalian Customs, Dalian 116000, China

Corresponding author: Chu Yingqian,chuyingqian@163.com ;

CLC number: X171.5

-->

摘要
HTML全文
图(0)表(0)
参考文献(76)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要:药物与个人护理品（pharmaceuticals and personal care products，PPCPs）作为一类与人们生产生活联系最为紧密的新型污染物在水环境中广泛检出，PPCPs在水环境中能够痕量存在，并在生物体内富集转化，对水生生态系统产生潜在的不利影响，其对水环境安全构成的潜在风险受到普遍关注。本文主要综述了我国地表水环境中PPCPs对生态环境的影响及生态风险评价的方法，分析了我国对水环境中PPCPs研究中存在的不足，提出了应对PPCPs风险评价的对策及建议。
关键词: 药物和个人护理品/
地表水/
生态风险评价/
PPCPs

Abstract:Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which is a kind of emerging pollutants, are the most closely related to people’s production and life. PPCPs have been widely detected in water environment in trace concentration. The enrichment and transformation of PPCPs in the environment can affect the aquatic ecosystems potentially, and the potential risk of PPCPs to the water environment has attracted much attention all over the world. This paper mainly reviewed the influence of PPCPs on the ecological environment and the methods for ecological risk assessment in surface water in China. The shortcomings of the current research on PPCPs in water environment in China were analyzed, and the countermeasures and suggestions for the risk assessment of PPCPs were proposed.
Key words:pharmaceutical and personal care products/
surface water/
ecological risk assessment/
PPCPs.

Kolpin D W, Furlong E T, Meyer M T, et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000:A national reconnaissance[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(6):1202-1211

Carlsson C, Johansson A K, Alvan G, et al. Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants? Part I:Environmental risk assessments of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 364(1-3):67-87

Field J A, Johnson C A, Rose J B. What is "emerging"?[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(23):7105

杨红莲, 袭著革, 闫峻, 等. 新型污染物及其生态和环境健康效应[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2009, 4(1):28-34Yang H L, Xi Z G, Yan J, et al. Ecological and environmental health effects of emerging contaminant of concern[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2009, 4(1):28-34(in Chinese)

Sacher F, Lange F T, Brauch H J, et al. Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters:Analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Württemberg, Germany[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2001, 938(1-2):199-210

Montes-Grajales D, Fennix-Agudelo M, Miranda-Castro W. Occurrence of personal care products as emerging chemicals of concern in water resources:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 595:601-614

Gorito A M, Ribeiro A R, Almeida C M R, et al. A review on the application of constructed wetlands for the removal of priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern listed in recently launched EU legislation[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 227:428-443

Stuart M, Lapworth D, Crane E, et al. Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 416:1-21

王琦, 武俊梅, 彭晶倩, 等. 饮用水系统中药物和个人护理用品的研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(3):453-461Wang Q, Wu J M, Peng J Q, et al. Research advances in pharmaceuticals and personal care products in drinking water system[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(3):453-461(in Chinese)

He K, Soares A D, Adejumo H, et al. Detection of a wide variety of human and veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotics in municipal wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface water[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015, 106:136-143

Gros M, Petrović M, Ginebreda A, et al. Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes[J]. Environment International, 2010, 36(1):15-26

Li W H, Gao L H, Shi Y L, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China[J]. Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, 2015, 17(9):1611-1619

冉韵竹, 齐维晓, 李静, 等. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中13种药品与个人护理品[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(2):255-263Ran Y Z, Qi W X, Li J, et al. Simultaneous determination of 13 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using UPLC-MS/MS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(2):255-263(in Chinese)

Hu P, Guo C S, Zhang Y, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban river in North China[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2019, 13(4):1-11

Wang W H, Wang H, Zhang W F, et al. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the Songhua River in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2017, 24(23):19282-19292

张晓娇, 柏杨巍, 张远, 等. 辽河流域地表水中典型抗生素污染特征及生态风险评估[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(11):4553-4561Zhang X J, Bai Y W, Zhang Y, et al. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of antibiotics in surface water in the Liaohe River Basin, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(11):4553-4561(in Chinese)

董莞莞, 何欣, 郑洪波, 等. 大连碧流河水库及河流典型抗生素污染和分布特征研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报, 2020, 60(2):119-127Dong W W, He X, Zheng H B, et al. Research on occurrences and distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics in Biliuhe Reservoir and its inflow rivers in Dalian[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2020, 60(2):119-127(in Chinese)

Wang L, Ying G G, Chen F, et al. Monitoring of selected estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of the Yellow River in China using combined chemical and biological tools[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 165:241-249

Liu X W, Shi J H, Bo T, et al. Distributions and ecological risk assessment of estrogens and bisphenol A in an arid and semiarid area in northwest China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(8):7216-7225

高月, 李杰, 许楠, 等. 汉江水相和沉积物中药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)的污染水平与生态风险[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(8):1706-1719Gao Y, Li J, Xu N, et al. Pollution levels and ecological risks of PPCPs in water and sediment samples of Hanjiang River[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(8):1706-1719(in Chinese)

朱赛嫦, 王静, 邵卫伟, 等. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地表水中18种药物与个人护理品的残留量[J]. 色谱, 2013, 31(1):15-21Zhu S C, Wang J, Shao W W, et al. Simultaneous determination of 18 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2013, 31(1):15-21(in Chinese)

王丹, 隋倩, 吕树光, 等. 黄浦江流域典型药物和个人护理品的含量及分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(7):1897-1904Wang D, Sui Q, Lv S G, et al. Concentrations and distribution of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Huangpu River[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(7):1897-1904(in Chinese)

黄文平, 鲍轶凡, 胡霞林, 等. 黄浦江上游水源地中31种内分泌干扰物的分布特征以及生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2020, 39(6):1488-1495Huang W P, Bao Y F, Hu X L, et al. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of 31 endocrine disrupting chemicals in the water source of upstream Huangpu River[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(6):1488-1495(in Chinese)

张盼伟, 周怀东, 赵高峰, 等. 太湖表层沉积物中PPCPs的时空分布特征及潜在风险[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(9):3348-3355Zhang P W, Zhou H D, Zhao G F, et al. Spatial, temporal distribution characteristics and potential risk of PPCPs in surface sediments from Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(9):3348-3355(in Chinese)

刘娜, 金小伟, 薛荔栋, 等. 太湖流域药物和个人护理品污染调查与生态风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(9):3515-3522Liu N, Jin X W, Xue L D, et al. Concentrations distribution and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Taihu Lake[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(9):3515-3522(in Chinese)

陈玫宏, 郭敏, 徐怀洲, 等. 太湖表层水体及沉积物中双酚A类似物的分布特征及潜在风险[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(7):2793-2800Chen M H, Guo M, Xu H Z, et al. Distribution characteristics and potential risk of bisphenol analogues in surface water and sediments of Lake Taihu[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(7):2793-2800(in Chinese)

陈玫宏, 郭敏, 刘丹, 等. 典型内分泌干扰物在太湖及其支流水体和沉积物中的污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(11):4323-4332Chen M H, Guo M, Liu D, et al. Occurrence and distribution of typical endocrine disruptors in surface water and sediments from Taihu Lake and its tributaries[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(11):4323-4332(in Chinese)

武旭跃, 邹华, 朱荣, 等. 太湖贡湖湾水域抗生素污染特征分析与生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(12):4596-4604Wu X Y, Zou H, Zhu R, et al. Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk of antibiotics in surface water of the Gonghu Bay, Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(12):4596-4604(in Chinese)

Ding H J, Wu Y X, Zhang W H, et al. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the surface water of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 184:137-147

Wang Z Q, Wang P F, Wang C, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics in the surface water of Hongze Lake:A typical water exchanging lake in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2018, 115:249-260

黄子晏, 丁婷婷, 杜士林, 等. 沙颍河流域抗生素污染特征与生态风险评价[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2020, 12(5):117-123, 131 Huang Z Y, Ding T T, Du S L, et al. Contamination characteristics and ecological risk of antibiotics of the Shaying River Basin[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2020, 12(5):117-123, 131(in Chinese)

Nie M H, Yan C X, Dong W B, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of estrogens in surface water, suspended particulate matter, and sediments of the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 127:109-116

Yan C X, Yang Y, Zhou J L, et al. Antibiotics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary:Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013, 175:22-29

师博颖, 王智源, 刘俊杰, 等. 长江江苏段饮用水源地3种雌激素污染特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(3):875-883Shi B Y, Wang Z Y, Liu J J, et al. Pollution characteristics of three estrogens in drinking water sources in Jiangsu reach of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, 38(3):875-883(in Chinese)

卓丽, 许榕发, 石运刚, 等. 重庆长江流域水体中8种典型环境雌激素污染特征[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2020, 15(3):149-157Zhuo L, Xu R F, Shi Y G, et al. Estrogens in surface water of the Yangtze River in Chongqing section[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2020, 15(3):149-157(in Chinese)

石运刚, 卓丽, 陈静华, 等. 基于高通量分析方法的长江干流重庆段抗生素种类特征及来源初探[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2019, 14(3):240-248Shi Y G, Zhuo L, Chen J H, et al. High throughput screening approach for studing the occurrence and potential sources of antibiotics in the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2019, 14(3):240-248(in Chinese)

Liu Y H, Zhang S H, Ji G X, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in surface water and suspended particulate matter of Yangtze River (Nanjing section)[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 135:90-97

封梦娟, 张芹, 宋宁慧, 等. 长江南京段水源水中抗生素的赋存特征与风险评估[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(12):5286-5293Feng M J, Zhang Q, Song N H, et al. Occurrence characteristics and risk assessment of antibiotics in source water of the Nanjing reach of the Yangtze River[J]. Environmental Science, 2019, 40(12):5286-5293(in Chinese)

张君, 程艳茹, 封丽, 等. 三峡库区饮用水水源抗生素健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41(8):192-198Zhang J, Cheng Y R, Feng L, et al. Health risk assessment of antibiotics in the centralized drinking water source in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 41(8):192-198(in Chinese)

封丽, 程艳茹, 封雷, 等. 三峡库区主要水域典型抗生素分布及生态风险评估[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(7):1031-1040Feng L, Cheng Y R, Feng L, et al. Distribution of typical antibiotics and ecological risk assessment in main waters of Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(7):1031-1040(in Chinese)

庞昕瑞, 曾鸿鹄, 梁延鹏, 等. 固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中10种磺胺类抗生素残留[J]. 分析科学学报, 2019, 35(4):461-466Pang X R, Zeng H H, Liang Y P, et al. Determination of 10 sulfonamide antibiotics in surface water by solid phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Analytical Science, 2019, 35(4):461-466(in Chinese)

薛保铭, 杨惟薇, 王英辉, 等. 钦州湾水体中磺胺类抗生素污染特征与生态风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(9):1664-1669Xue B M, Yang W W, Wang Y H, et al. Occurrence, distribution and ecological risks of sulfonamides in the Qinzhou Bay, South China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(9):1664-1669(in Chinese)

莫苑敏, 黄亮亮, 王倩, 等. 广西青狮潭水库水体喹诺酮类抗生素的分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 湖泊科学, 2019, 31(1):124-133Mo Y M, Huang L L, Wang Q, et al. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of quinolone antibiotics in Qingshitan Reservoir, Guangxi Province[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2019, 31(1):124-133(in Chinese)

王娅南, 黄合田, 彭洁, 等. 贵州草海喀斯特高原湿地水环境中典型抗生素的分布特征[J]. 环境化学, 2020, 39(4):975-986Wang Y N, Huang H T, Peng J, et al. Occurrence and distribution of typical antibiotics in the aquatic environment of the wetland Karst plateau in Guizhou[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(4):975-986(in Chinese)

王娅南, 彭洁, 黄合田, 等. 贵阳市城市河流典型抗生素的分布特征[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(9):2039-2048Wang Y N, Peng J, Huang H T, et al. Distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics in Urban Rivers of Guiyang City[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(9):2039-2048(in Chinese)

秀措, 王尘辰, 吕永龙, 等. 潮汕地区入海河流及水生生物中PPCPs分布特征及风险评估[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(10):4514-4524Xiu C, Wang C C, Lv Y L, et al. Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of PPCPs in surface water and aquatic organisms in Chaoshan coastal area along the South China sea[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(10):4514-4524(in Chinese)

吕敏, 孙倩, 李妍, 等. 固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定九龙江流域水中药品和个人护理用品[J]. 厦门大学学报:自然科学版, 2012, 51(6):1047-1053Lv M, Sun Q, Li Y, et al. Determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Jiulong River by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science, 2012, 51(6):1047-1053(in Chinese)

廖杰, 魏晓琴, 肖燕琴, 等. 莲花水库水体中抗生素污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(9):4081-4087Liao J, Wei X Q, Xiao Y Q, et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of antibiotics in Lianhua Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(9):4081-4087(in Chinese)

Xu W H, Yan W, Li X D, et al. Antibiotics in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta and Pearl River Estuary, China:Concentrations, mass loading and ecological risks[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013, 182:402-407

樊静静, 王赛, 唐金鹏, 等. 广州市流溪河水体中6种内分泌干扰素时空分布特征与环境风险[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(3):1053-1064Fan J J, Wang S, Tang J P, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns and environmental risk of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the Liuxi River[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(3):1053-1064(in Chinese)

谢全模, 陈云, 万金泉, 等. 东莞市饮用水源地中抗生素分布特征及风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(1):166-178Xie Q M, Chen Y, Wan J Q, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics in drinking water source in Dongguan[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2020, 40(1):166-178(in Chinese)

吴伟恒, 阮爱东, 戴韵秋, 等. 我国天然水体中环境雌激素的污染现状及其生态效应研究进展[J]. 四川环境, 2014, 33(5):154-158Wu W H, Ruan A D, Dai Y Q, et al. Research progress of environmental estrogens pollution and ecological effects in national waters of China[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2014, 33(5):154-158(in Chinese)

张琪, 杨芳, 王峥, 等. 药物与个人护理品在不同环境介质中的分布特征及其生态毒性与降解综述[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020, 42(7):922-928Zhang Q, Yang F, Wang Z, et al. Review on distribution characteristics, ecotoxicity and degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in different media[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2020, 42(7):922-928(in Chinese)

Le T X, Munekage Y, Kato S I. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from shrimp farming in mangrove areas[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2005, 349(1-3):95-105

Storteboom H, Arabi M, Davis J G, et al. Tracking antibiotic resistance genes in the South Platte River basin using molecular signatures of urban, agricultural, and pristine sources[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(19):7397-7404

赵静, 蒋京呈, 胡俊杰, 等. 中国药物和个人护理用品污染现状及管控对策建议[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2020, 15(3):21-27Zhao J, Jiang J C, Hu J J, et al. Pollution status and control countermeasures for pharmaceutical and personal care products in China[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2020, 15(3):21-27(in Chinese)

代朝猛, 周雪飞, 张亚雷, 等. 环境介质中药物和个人护理品的潜在风险研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2009, 31(2):77-80Dai C M, Zhou X F, Zhang Y L, et al. Research advancements in potential risk of PPCPs of environmental media[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2009, 31(2):77-80(in Chinese)

United States Food & Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 25 Environmental Impact Considerations. (2019-04-01). http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm? CFRPart=25

California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Proposition 65 Law and Regulations. (2020-07-08). https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/law/proposition-65-law-and-regulations

European Commission. Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment[R]. Ispra:European Commission Joint Research Centre, 2003

European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Guideline on Environmental Impact Assessment for Veterinary Medicinal Products Phase Ⅱ. CVMP/VICH/790/03-FINAL[R]. London:Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, 2004

European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use. EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00 CORR 1[R]. London:Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, 2006

Englert B. Method 1694:Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HPLC/MS/MS[R]. Washington DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2007

World Health Organization. Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water[R]. Geneva:World Health Organization, 2011

Australia Department of Health. CTD Module 1 Administrative information and prescribing information for Australia[R]. Canberra:Therapeutic Goods Administration, 2018

沈杰, 刘建超, 陆光华, 等. 双酚S和双酚F在水环境中的分布、毒理效应及其生态风险研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2018, 13(5):37-48Shen J, Liu J C, Lu G H, et al. A review of the occurrence, toxicology and ecological risk assessment of bisphenol S and F in aquatic environment[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2018, 13(5):37-48(in Chinese)

Sanderson H, Johnson D J, Wilson C J, et al. Probabilistic hazard assessment of environmentally occurring pharmaceuticals toxicity to fish, daphnids and algae by ECOSAR screening[J]. Toxicology Letters, 2003, 144(3):383-395

van Doorslaer X, Dewulf J, van Langenhove H, et al. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics:An emerging class of environmental micropollutants[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 500-501:250-269

Hernando M D, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba A R, et al. Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments[J]. Talanta, 2006, 69(2):334-342

Zhang R J, Zhang G, Zheng Q, et al. Occurrence and risks of antibiotics in the Laizhou Bay, China:Impacts of river discharge[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 80:208-215

马小莹, 郑浩, 汪庆庆, 等. 江苏省不同水源抗生素污染及生态风险评估[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2020, 10(2):131-137Ma X Y, Zheng H, Wang Q Q, et al. Current status of antibiotic contamination and its ecological risk evaluation in different water bodies of Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2020, 10(2):131-137(in Chinese)

Williams R J, Keller V D, Johnson A C, et al. A national risk assessment for intersex in fish arising from steroid estrogens[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009, 28(1):220-230

Beck I C, Bruhn R, Gandrass J. Analysis of estrogenic activity in coastal surface waters of the Baltic Sea using the yeast estrogen screen[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(11):1870-1878

Jiang W W, Yan Y, Ma M, et al. Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 24(2):320-328

金涛, 吕学敏, 曾一凡, 等. 江苏某地长江、太湖水源水及出厂水中有机物雌激素活性的比较[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(4):1351-1356Jin T, Lv X M, Zeng Y F, et al. Comparison of the estrogenic activity of organic compounds in source water and finished water from the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake in certain areas of Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(4):1351-1356(in Chinese)

邵晓玲, 文刚, 马军. 松花江及哈尔滨市饮用水雌激素活性的调查与分析[J]. 环境科学, 2009, 30(5):1362-1367Shao X L, Wen G, Ma J. Survey of estrogenic activity of Songhua River water and drinking water of Harbin[J]. Environmental Science, 2009, 30(5):1362-1367(in Chinese)