), 周冰欣, 孟斐 浙江师范大学心理学系, 金华 321004
收稿日期:2018-11-19出版日期:2019-08-21发布日期:2019-07-24通讯作者:金心怡E-mail:jinxinyi@zjnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ19C090004)Level 2 visual perspective-taking at age 3 and the corresponding effect of cooperation
JIN Xinyi(), ZHOU Bingxin, MENG Fei Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Received:2018-11-19Online:2019-08-21Published:2019-07-24Contact:JIN Xinyi E-mail:jinxinyi@zjnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 研究以经典的乌龟任务(实验1)和改良的滤镜任务(实验2)对3岁幼儿的二级观点采择进行探究, 并探讨其在短暂的社会互动前后的变化。结果表明：(1) 3岁幼儿尚难以自发进行二级观点采择, 但已具备进行这一加工的潜质; (2)短暂的合作互动可在一定程度上提高幼儿采择他人观点的成功率, 而竞争互动则无类似影响。该发现为从建构主义角度解释视觉观点采择发展提供了新的证据。
图/表 6
图1社会互动游戏“钓鱼游戏”
图1社会互动游戏“钓鱼游戏”
图2实验1“乌龟任务”场景示意图
图2实验1“乌龟任务”场景示意图表1实验1“乌龟任务”被试得分情况
| 组别 | 得分 | 前测 | 后测 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 合作组 | 1 | 3 (12.50%) | 8 (33.33%) |
| 0 | 21 (87.50%) | 16 (66.67%) | |
| 竞争组 | 1 | 3 (12.50%) | 3 (12.50%) |
| 0 | 21 (87.50%) | 21 (87.50%) |
表1实验1“乌龟任务”被试得分情况
| 组别 | 得分 | 前测 | 后测 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 合作组 | 1 | 3 (12.50%) | 8 (33.33%) |
| 0 | 21 (87.50%) | 16 (66.67%) | |
| 竞争组 | 1 | 3 (12.50%) | 3 (12.50%) |
| 0 | 21 (87.50%) | 21 (87.50%) |
图3实验2a与2b“滤镜任务”场景示意图
图3实验2a与2b“滤镜任务”场景示意图表2实验2a“滤镜任务”被试得分情况
| 组别 | 前后测 | 得分情况 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 合作组 | 前测 | 7 (29.17%) | 13 (54.17%) | 4 (16.67%) |
| 后测 | 15 (62.50%) | 9 (37.50%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 竞争组 | 前测 | 8 (33.33%) | 13 (54.17%) | 3 (12.50%) |
| 后测 | 7 (29.17%) | 13 (54.17%) | 4 (16.67%) | |
表2实验2a“滤镜任务”被试得分情况
| 组别 | 前后测 | 得分情况 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 合作组 | 前测 | 7 (29.17%) | 13 (54.17%) | 4 (16.67%) |
| 后测 | 15 (62.50%) | 9 (37.50%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| 竞争组 | 前测 | 8 (33.33%) | 13 (54.17%) | 3 (12.50%) |
| 后测 | 7 (29.17%) | 13 (54.17%) | 4 (16.67%) | |
表3实验2b及Moll & Meltzoff (2011)二级观点采择得分对比
| “颜色混合”任务数据来源 | 得分情况 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 实验2b | 36月以下组(n = 11) | 11 (45.83%) | 5 (45.45%) | 5 (20.83%) | 2 (18.18%) | 8 (33.33%) | 4 (36.36%) |
| 36月及以上组(n = 13) | 6 (46.15%) | 3 (23.08%) | 4 (30.77%) | ||||
| Moll & | 15 (62.50%) | 8 (33.33%) | 1 (4.17%) | ||||
表3实验2b及Moll & Meltzoff (2011)二级观点采择得分对比
| “颜色混合”任务数据来源 | 得分情况 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| 实验2b | 36月以下组(n = 11) | 11 (45.83%) | 5 (45.45%) | 5 (20.83%) | 2 (18.18%) | 8 (33.33%) | 4 (36.36%) |
| 36月及以上组(n = 13) | 6 (46.15%) | 3 (23.08%) | 4 (30.77%) | ||||
| Moll & | 15 (62.50%) | 8 (33.33%) | 1 (4.17%) | ||||
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